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GTR Home > Conditions/Phenotypes > Dyskeratosis congenita, X-linked

Dyskeratosis congenita, X-linked

Synonyms
Zinsser-Cole-Engman Syndrome

Summary

Excerpted from the GeneReview: Dyskeratosis Congenita and Related Telomere Biology Disorders
Dyskeratosis congenita and related telomere biology disorders (DC/TBD) are caused by impaired telomere maintenance resulting in short or very short telomeres. The phenotypic spectrum of telomere biology disorders is broad and includes individuals with classic dyskeratosis congenita (DC) as well as those with very short telomeres and an isolated physical finding. Classic DC is characterized by a triad of dysplastic nails, lacy reticular pigmentation of the upper chest and/or neck, and oral leukoplakia, although this may not be present in all individuals. People with DC/TBD are at increased risk for progressive bone marrow failure (BMF), myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myelogenous leukemia, solid tumors (usually squamous cell carcinoma of the head/neck or anogenital cancer), and pulmonary fibrosis. Other findings can include eye abnormalities (epiphora, blepharitis, sparse eyelashes, ectropion, entropion, trichiasis), taurodontism, liver disease, gastrointestinal telangiectasias, and avascular necrosis of the hips or shoulders. Although most persons with DC/TBD have normal psychomotor development and normal neurologic function, significant developmental delay is present in both forms; additional findings include cerebellar hypoplasia (Hoyeraal Hreidarsson syndrome) and bilateral exudative retinopathy and intracranial calcifications (Revesz syndrome and Coats plus syndrome). Onset and progression of manifestations of DC/TBD vary: at the mild end of the spectrum are those who have only minimal physical findings with normal bone marrow function, and at the severe end are those who have the diagnostic triad and early-onset BMF.
Full text of GeneReview (by section):
Summary
GeneReview Scope
Diagnosis
Clinical Characteristics
Genetically Related (Allelic) Disorders
Differential Diagnosis
Management
Genetic Counseling
Resources
Molecular Genetics
Chapter Notes
References
Authors:
Sharon A Savage
Marena R Niewisch
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Available tests

86 tests are in the database for this condition.

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Clinical tests (86 available)

Molecular Genetics Tests

Genes See tests for all associated and related genes

  • Also known as: CBF5, CHINE1, DKC, DKCX, NAP57, NOLA4, XAP101, DKC1
    Summary: dyskerin pseudouridine synthase 1

Clinical features

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Imported from Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO)

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