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GTR Home > Conditions/Phenotypes > Autosomal recessive DOPA responsive dystonia

Autosomal recessive DOPA responsive dystonia

Synonyms
Autosomal Recessive Infantile Parkinsonism; DYT-TH; Segawa syndrome, autosomal recessive; TH-deficient dopa-responsive dystonia; Tyrosine Hydroxylase-Deficient Dopa-Responsive Dystonia
Modes of inheritance
Autosomal recessive inheritance (Orphanet)

Summary

Excerpted from the GeneReview: Tyrosine Hydroxylase Deficiency
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) deficiency is associated with a broad phenotypic spectrum. Based on severity of symptoms/signs as well as responsiveness to levodopa therapy, clinical phenotypes caused by pathogenic variants in TH are divided into (1) TH-deficient dopa-responsive dystonia (the mild form of TH deficiency), (2) TH-deficient infantile parkinsonism with motor delay (the severe form), and (3) TH-deficient progressive infantile encephalopathy (the very severe form). In individuals with TH-deficient dopa-responsive dystonia (DYT5b, DYT-TH), onset is between age 12 months and 12 years; initial symptoms are typically lower-limb dystonia and/or difficulty in walking. Diurnal fluctuation of symptoms (worsening of the symptoms toward the evening and their alleviation in the morning after sleep) may be present. In most individuals with TH-deficient infantile parkinsonism with motor delay, onset is between age three and 12 months. In contrast to TH-deficient DRD, motor milestones are overtly delayed in this severe form. Affected infants demonstrate truncal hypotonia and parkinsonian symptoms and signs (hypokinesia, rigidity of extremities, and/or tremor). In individuals with TH-deficient progressive infantile encephalopathy, onset is before age three to six months. Fetal distress is reported in most. Affected individuals have marked delay in motor development, truncal hypotonia, severe hypokinesia, limb hypertonia (rigidity and/or spasticity), hyperreflexia, oculogyric crises, ptosis, intellectual disability, and paroxysmal periods of lethargy (with increased sweating and drooling) alternating with irritability.
Full text of GeneReview (by section):
Summary
GeneReview Scope
Diagnosis
Clinical Characteristics
Genetically Related (Allelic) Disorders
Differential Diagnosis
Management
Genetic Counseling
Resources
Molecular Genetics
Chapter Notes
References
Authors:
Yoshiaki Furukawa
Stephen Kish
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Clinical tests (80 available)

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  • Also known as: DYT14, DYT5b, TYH, TH
    Summary: tyrosine hydroxylase

Clinical features

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Imported from Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO)

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