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Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Central Nervous System

MedGen UID:
146352
•Concept ID:
C0686377
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: Cancer metastatic to CNS (central nervous system); Central Nervous System Metastases; Central Nervous System Metastasis; CNS Metastases; CNS Metastasis; Metastatic malignant neoplasm of central nervous system; Metastatic malignant neoplasm to central nervous system; Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm to the Central Nervous System; Metastatic Neoplasm to the Central Nervous System; Metastatic Neoplasm to the CNS; Metastatic Tumor to the Central Nervous System; Metastatic Tumor to the CNS; Secondary malignant neoplasm of central nervous system
SNOMED CT: Secondary malignant neoplasm of central nervous system (94243009); Metastatic malignant neoplasm to central nervous system (94243009); Cancer metastatic to CNS (central nervous system) (94243009); Metastatic malignant neoplasm of central nervous system (94243009)

Definition

A malignant neoplasm that has spread to the central nervous system from another anatomic site or system. The majority are carcinomas (usually lung or breast carcinomas). [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Prevention and management of secondary central nervous system lymphoma.
Bobillo S, Khwaja J, Ferreri AJM, Cwynarski K
Haematologica 2023 Mar 1;108(3):673-689. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2022.281457. PMID: 36384246Free PMC Article
Primary Brain Tumors in Adults: Diagnosis and Treatment.
Perkins A, Liu G
Am Fam Physician 2016 Feb 1;93(3):211-7. PMID: 26926614
Surgical treatment options for stage IV melanoma.
Wei IH, Healy MA, Wong SL
Surg Clin North Am 2014 Oct;94(5):1075-89, ix. Epub 2014 Aug 2 doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2014.07.009. PMID: 25245969

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Central Nervous System Lymphoma.
Shah T, Venur VA
Semin Neurol 2023 Dec;43(6):825-832. Epub 2023 Nov 23 doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1776783. PMID: 37995744
Emergent radiotherapy for brain and leptomeningeal metastases: a narrative review.
Barbour AB, Zaki P, McGranahan TM, Venur V, Vellayappan B, Palmer J, Halasz LM, Yang JT, Blau M, Tseng YD, Chao ST, Suh JH, Foote M, Redmond KJ, Combs SE, Chang EL, Sahgal A, Lo SS
Ann Palliat Med 2023 Nov;12(6):1405-1419. Epub 2023 Jun 27 doi: 10.21037/apm-22-1276. PMID: 37431225
Osimertinib for EGFR-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Central Nervous System Metastases: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives on Therapeutic Strategies.
Popat S, Ahn MJ, Ekman S, Leighl NB, Ramalingam SS, Reungwetwattana T, Siva S, Tsuboi M, Wu YL, Yang JC
Target Oncol 2023 Jan;18(1):9-24. Epub 2023 Jan 18 doi: 10.1007/s11523-022-00941-7. PMID: 36652172
Prevention and management of secondary central nervous system lymphoma.
Bobillo S, Khwaja J, Ferreri AJM, Cwynarski K
Haematologica 2023 Mar 1;108(3):673-689. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2022.281457. PMID: 36384246Free PMC Article
Response assessment criteria for brain metastases: proposal from the RANO group.
Lin NU, Lee EQ, Aoyama H, Barani IJ, Barboriak DP, Baumert BG, Bendszus M, Brown PD, Camidge DR, Chang SM, Dancey J, de Vries EG, Gaspar LE, Harris GJ, Hodi FS, Kalkanis SN, Linskey ME, Macdonald DR, Margolin K, Mehta MP, Schiff D, Soffietti R, Suh JH, van den Bent MJ, Vogelbaum MA, Wen PY; Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) group
Lancet Oncol 2015 Jun;16(6):e270-8. Epub 2015 May 27 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)70057-4. PMID: 26065612

Diagnosis

Efficacy and Safety of Gadopiclenol for Contrast-Enhanced MRI of the Central Nervous System: The PICTURE Randomized Clinical Trial.
Loevner LA, Kolumban B, Hutóczki G, Dziadziuszko K, Bereczki D, Bago A, Pichiecchio A
Invest Radiol 2023 May 1;58(5):307-313. Epub 2022 Dec 19 doi: 10.1097/RLI.0000000000000944. PMID: 36729404Free PMC Article
NCCN Guidelines® Insights: Central Nervous System Cancers, Version 2.2022.
Horbinski C, Nabors LB, Portnow J, Baehring J, Bhatia A, Bloch O, Brem S, Butowski N, Cannon DM, Chao S, Chheda MG, Fabiano AJ, Forsyth P, Gigilio P, Hattangadi-Gluth J, Holdhoff M, Junck L, Kaley T, Merrell R, Mrugala MM, Nagpal S, Nedzi LA, Nevel K, Nghiemphu PL, Parney I, Patel TR, Peters K, Puduvalli VK, Rockhill J, Rusthoven C, Shonka N, Swinnen LJ, Weiss S, Wen PY, Willmarth NE, Bergman MA, Darlow S
J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2023 Jan;21(1):12-20. doi: 10.6004/jnccn.2023.0002. PMID: 36634606
Prevention and management of secondary central nervous system lymphoma.
Bobillo S, Khwaja J, Ferreri AJM, Cwynarski K
Haematologica 2023 Mar 1;108(3):673-689. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2022.281457. PMID: 36384246Free PMC Article
Central Nervous System Cancers, Version 3.2020, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology.
Nabors LB, Portnow J, Ahluwalia M, Baehring J, Brem H, Brem S, Butowski N, Campian JL, Clark SW, Fabiano AJ, Forsyth P, Hattangadi-Gluth J, Holdhoff M, Horbinski C, Junck L, Kaley T, Kumthekar P, Loeffler JS, Mrugala MM, Nagpal S, Pandey M, Parney I, Peters K, Puduvalli VK, Robins I, Rockhill J, Rusthoven C, Shonka N, Shrieve DC, Swinnen LJ, Weiss S, Wen PY, Willmarth NE, Bergman MA, Darlow SD
J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2020 Nov 2;18(11):1537-1570. doi: 10.6004/jnccn.2020.0052. PMID: 33152694
Differential diagnosis of T2 hyperintense brainstem lesions: Part 2. Diffuse lesions.
Guzmán-De-Villoria JA, Ferreiro-Argüelles C, Fernández-García P
Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2010 Jun;31(3):260-74. doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2010.03.002. PMID: 20483393

Therapy

Efficacy and Safety of Gadopiclenol for Contrast-Enhanced MRI of the Central Nervous System: The PICTURE Randomized Clinical Trial.
Loevner LA, Kolumban B, Hutóczki G, Dziadziuszko K, Bereczki D, Bago A, Pichiecchio A
Invest Radiol 2023 May 1;58(5):307-313. Epub 2022 Dec 19 doi: 10.1097/RLI.0000000000000944. PMID: 36729404Free PMC Article
Osimertinib for EGFR-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Central Nervous System Metastases: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives on Therapeutic Strategies.
Popat S, Ahn MJ, Ekman S, Leighl NB, Ramalingam SS, Reungwetwattana T, Siva S, Tsuboi M, Wu YL, Yang JC
Target Oncol 2023 Jan;18(1):9-24. Epub 2023 Jan 18 doi: 10.1007/s11523-022-00941-7. PMID: 36652172
Prevention and management of secondary central nervous system lymphoma.
Bobillo S, Khwaja J, Ferreri AJM, Cwynarski K
Haematologica 2023 Mar 1;108(3):673-689. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2022.281457. PMID: 36384246Free PMC Article
Alectinib versus Crizotinib in Untreated ALK-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.
Peters S, Camidge DR, Shaw AT, Gadgeel S, Ahn JS, Kim DW, Ou SI, Pérol M, Dziadziuszko R, Rosell R, Zeaiter A, Mitry E, Golding S, Balas B, Noe J, Morcos PN, Mok T; ALEX Trial Investigators
N Engl J Med 2017 Aug 31;377(9):829-838. Epub 2017 Jun 6 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1704795. PMID: 28586279
Response assessment criteria for brain metastases: proposal from the RANO group.
Lin NU, Lee EQ, Aoyama H, Barani IJ, Barboriak DP, Baumert BG, Bendszus M, Brown PD, Camidge DR, Chang SM, Dancey J, de Vries EG, Gaspar LE, Harris GJ, Hodi FS, Kalkanis SN, Linskey ME, Macdonald DR, Margolin K, Mehta MP, Schiff D, Soffietti R, Suh JH, van den Bent MJ, Vogelbaum MA, Wen PY; Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) group
Lancet Oncol 2015 Jun;16(6):e270-8. Epub 2015 May 27 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(15)70057-4. PMID: 26065612

Prognosis

Central Nervous System Lymphoma.
Shah T, Venur VA
Semin Neurol 2023 Dec;43(6):825-832. Epub 2023 Nov 23 doi: 10.1055/s-0043-1776783. PMID: 37995744
Lymphomas of Central Nervous System.
Yokogami K, Azuma M, Takeshima H, Hirai T
Adv Exp Med Biol 2023;1405:527-543. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-23705-8_20. PMID: 37452952
Osimertinib for EGFR-Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Central Nervous System Metastases: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives on Therapeutic Strategies.
Popat S, Ahn MJ, Ekman S, Leighl NB, Ramalingam SS, Reungwetwattana T, Siva S, Tsuboi M, Wu YL, Yang JC
Target Oncol 2023 Jan;18(1):9-24. Epub 2023 Jan 18 doi: 10.1007/s11523-022-00941-7. PMID: 36652172
Targeting brain metastases in breast cancer.
Corti C, Antonarelli G, Criscitiello C, Lin NU, Carey LA, Cortés J, Poortmans P, Curigliano G
Cancer Treat Rev 2022 Feb;103:102324. Epub 2021 Dec 16 doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102324. PMID: 34953200
In this issue..
Ausman JI
Surg Neurol 2009 Sep;72(3):201-2. doi: 10.1016/j.surneu.2009.06.026. PMID: 19656497

Clinical prediction guides

Prognostic assessment in patients operated for brain metastasis from systemic tumors.
Grossenbacher B, Lareida A, Moors S, Roth P, Kulcsar Z, Regli L, Le Rhun E, Weller M, Wolpert F
Cancer Med 2023 Jun;12(11):12316-12324. Epub 2023 Apr 11 doi: 10.1002/cam4.5928. PMID: 37039262Free PMC Article
Functional outcome after pediatric cerebral cavernous malformation surgery.
Rauschenbach L, Santos AN, Dinger TF, Darkwah Oppong M, Li Y, Tippelt S, Dohna-Schwake C, Schmidt B, Jabbarli R, Wrede KH, Sure U, Dammann P
Sci Rep 2023 Feb 9;13(1):2286. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-29472-5. PMID: 36759693Free PMC Article
Extranodal Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma: Molecular Features, Prognosis, and Risk of Central Nervous System Recurrence.
Ollila TA, Olszewski AJ
Curr Treat Options Oncol 2018 Jun 21;19(8):38. doi: 10.1007/s11864-018-0555-8. PMID: 29931605Free PMC Article
Surgery of brainstem cavernous malformations.
Bradac O, Majovsky M, de Lacy P, Benes V
Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2013 Nov;155(11):2079-83. Epub 2013 Aug 24 doi: 10.1007/s00701-013-1842-6. PMID: 23975647
Delayed radiation-induced vasculitic leukoencephalopathy.
Rauch PJ, Park HS, Knisely JP, Chiang VL, Vortmeyer AO
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012 May 1;83(1):369-75. Epub 2011 Oct 22 doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.06.1982. PMID: 22024206

Recent systematic reviews

A Systematic Review Informing the Management of Symptomatic Brain Radiation Necrosis After Stereotactic Radiosurgery and International Stereotactic Radiosurgery Society Recommendations.
Vellayappan B, Lim-Fat MJ, Kotecha R, De Salles A, Fariselli L, Levivier M, Ma L, Paddick I, Pollock BE, Regis J, Sheehan JP, Suh JH, Yomo S, Sahgal A
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024 Jan 1;118(1):14-28. Epub 2023 Jul 22 doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.07.015. PMID: 37482137
Cannabis-based medicines and medical cannabis for adults with cancer pain.
Häuser W, Welsch P, Radbruch L, Fisher E, Bell RF, Moore RA
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023 Jun 5;6(6):CD014915. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD014915.pub2. PMID: 37283486Free PMC Article
Alemtuzumab for multiple sclerosis.
Riera R, Torloni MR, Martimbianco ALC, Pacheco RL
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023 Jun 5;6(6):CD011203. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011203.pub3. PMID: 37272540Free PMC Article
Radiation Therapy for Brain Metastases: An ASTRO Clinical Practice Guideline.
Gondi V, Bauman G, Bradfield L, Burri SH, Cabrera AR, Cunningham DA, Eaton BR, Hattangadi-Gluth JA, Kim MM, Kotecha R, Kraemer L, Li J, Nagpal S, Rusthoven CG, Suh JH, Tomé WA, Wang TJC, Zimmer AS, Ziu M, Brown PD
Pract Radiat Oncol 2022 Jul-Aug;12(4):265-282. Epub 2022 May 6 doi: 10.1016/j.prro.2022.02.003. PMID: 35534352
Headache in Ruptured Intracranial Dermoid Cysts.
Tolebeyan AS, Kuruvilla DE
Curr Pain Headache Rep 2020 May 29;24(7):31. doi: 10.1007/s11916-020-00863-x. PMID: 32472229

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