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Persistent asymmetrical tonic neck reflex

MedGen UID:: 1696755
•Concept ID:: C5209285
•: Finding

Synonyms:	Persistent fencer's reflex; Tonic neck reflex asymmetrical and persistent

HPO:	HP:0032549

Definition

Persistence beyond the normal age (roughly the first half of the first year of life) of the asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR), which is an easily elicited primitive reflex in the immediate newborn period. The ATNR refers to the phenomenon whereby when the face of an infant is turned to one side, the ipsilateral arm and leg extend and the contralateral arm and leg flex. This posture has been compared to a typical posture of fencers. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

GTR
MeSH

CClinical test, RResearch test, OOMIM, GGeneReviews, VClinVar

CROGVPersistent asymmetrical tonic neck reflex

Congenital Systemic Disorder
- Abnormality of the nervous system
  - Abnormal nervous system physiology
    - Movement disorder
      - Abnormal reflex
        Primitive reflex
        Persistent asymmetrical tonic neck reflex

Conditions with this feature

Holoprosencephaly 5

MedGen UID:: 355304
•Concept ID:: C1864827
•: Disease or Syndrome

Holoprosencephaly associated with mutations in the ZIC2 gene.

See: Condition Record

Holoprosencephaly 5

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Primary reflex persistence in children with partial hearing.

Livingstone N, McPhillips M
Dev Neuropsychol 2014;39(3):233-47. doi: 10.1080/87565641.2013.874427. PMID: 24742313

See all (1)

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

The Correlation between Residual Primitive Reflexes and Clock Reading Difficulties in School-Aged Children-A Pilot Study.

Kalemba A, Lorent M, Blythe SG, Gieysztor E
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023 Jan 28;20(3) doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032322. PMID: 36767689 Free PMC Article

Pelvic Symmetry Is Influenced by Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex during Young Children's Gait.

Gieysztor E, Pecuch A, Kowal M, Borowicz W, Paprocka-Borowicz M
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020 Jul 2;17(13) doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134759. PMID: 32630679 Free PMC Article

Primary reflex persistence in children with partial hearing.

Livingstone N, McPhillips M
Dev Neuropsychol 2014;39(3):233-47. doi: 10.1080/87565641.2013.874427. PMID: 24742313

Asymmetric tonic neck reflex and symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in children.

Konicarova J, Bob P
Int J Neurosci 2013 Nov;123(11):766-9. Epub 2013 Jun 5 doi: 10.3109/00207454.2013.801471. PMID: 23659315

Primitive reflexes and postural reactions in the neurodevelopmental examination.

Zafeiriou DI
Pediatr Neurol 2004 Jul;31(1):1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2004.01.012. PMID: 15246484

See all (9)

Diagnosis

The Correlation between Residual Primitive Reflexes and Clock Reading Difficulties in School-Aged Children-A Pilot Study.

Kalemba A, Lorent M, Blythe SG, Gieysztor E
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023 Jan 28;20(3) doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032322. PMID: 36767689 Free PMC Article

Prognostic significance of neurological signs in high-risk infants - a systematic review.

Hamer EG, Hadders-Algra M
Dev Med Child Neurol 2016 Mar;58 Suppl 4:53-60. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.13051. PMID: 27027608

Primary reflex persistence in children with partial hearing.

Livingstone N, McPhillips M
Dev Neuropsychol 2014;39(3):233-47. doi: 10.1080/87565641.2013.874427. PMID: 24742313

Asymmetric tonic neck reflex and symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in children.

Konicarova J, Bob P
Int J Neurosci 2013 Nov;123(11):766-9. Epub 2013 Jun 5 doi: 10.3109/00207454.2013.801471. PMID: 23659315

Primitive reflexes and postural reactions in the neurodevelopmental examination.

Zafeiriou DI
Pediatr Neurol 2004 Jul;31(1):1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2004.01.012. PMID: 15246484

See all (8)

Therapy

Effects of replicating primary-reflex movements on specific reading difficulties in children: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial.

McPhillips M, Hepper PG, Mulhern G
Lancet 2000 Feb 12;355(9203):537-41. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(99)02179-0. PMID: 10683004

See all (1)

Prognosis

Prognostic significance of neurological signs in high-risk infants - a systematic review.

Hamer EG, Hadders-Algra M
Dev Med Child Neurol 2016 Mar;58 Suppl 4:53-60. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.13051. PMID: 27027608

Primary reflex persistence in children with reading difficulties (dyslexia): a cross-sectional study.

McPhillips M, Jordan-Black JA
Neuropsychologia 2007 Mar 2;45(4):748-54. Epub 2006 Oct 9 doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.08.005. PMID: 17030045

Prevalence of persistent primary reflexes and motor problems in children with reading difficulties.

McPhillips M, Sheehy N
Dyslexia 2004 Nov;10(4):316-38. doi: 10.1002/dys.282. PMID: 15573963

Primitive reflexes and postural reactions in the neurodevelopmental examination.

Zafeiriou DI
Pediatr Neurol 2004 Jul;31(1):1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2004.01.012. PMID: 15246484

Effects of replicating primary-reflex movements on specific reading difficulties in children: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial.

McPhillips M, Hepper PG, Mulhern G
Lancet 2000 Feb 12;355(9203):537-41. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(99)02179-0. PMID: 10683004

See all (5)

Clinical prediction guides

Developmental Language Disorder and Uninhibited Primitive Reflexes in Young Children.

Matuszkiewicz M, Gałkowski T
J Speech Lang Hear Res 2021 Mar 17;64(3):935-948. Epub 2021 Feb 23 doi: 10.1044/2020_JSLHR-19-00423. PMID: 33621124

Pelvic Symmetry Is Influenced by Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex during Young Children's Gait.

Gieysztor E, Pecuch A, Kowal M, Borowicz W, Paprocka-Borowicz M
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020 Jul 2;17(13) doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134759. PMID: 32630679 Free PMC Article

Prognostic significance of neurological signs in high-risk infants - a systematic review.

Hamer EG, Hadders-Algra M
Dev Med Child Neurol 2016 Mar;58 Suppl 4:53-60. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.13051. PMID: 27027608

Primary reflex persistence in children with reading difficulties (dyslexia): a cross-sectional study.

McPhillips M, Jordan-Black JA
Neuropsychologia 2007 Mar 2;45(4):748-54. Epub 2006 Oct 9 doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.08.005. PMID: 17030045

Primitive reflexes and postural reactions in the neurodevelopmental examination.

Zafeiriou DI
Pediatr Neurol 2004 Jul;31(1):1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2004.01.012. PMID: 15246484

See all (8)