U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Alexia

MedGen UID:
1809
•Concept ID:
C0002018
•
Finding; Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Synonym: Alexias
SNOMED CT: Alexia (9236007); Optical alexia (9236007); Visual amnesia (9236007); Aphemesthesia (9236007)
 
HPO: HP:0010523
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0001712

Definition

An acquired type of sensory aphasia where damage to the brain leads to the loss of the ability to read. [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Multi-step treatment for acquired alexia and agraphia (part II): a dual-route error scoring system.
Ross K, Johnson JP, Kiran S
Neuropsychol Rehabil 2019 May;29(4):565-604. Epub 2017 Apr 19 doi: 10.1080/09602011.2017.1311796. PMID: 28421910
The nature and treatment of phonological text agraphia.
Beeson PM, Rising K, DeMarco AT, Foley TH, Rapcsak SZ
Neuropsychol Rehabil 2018 Jun;28(4):568-588. Epub 2016 Jul 8 doi: 10.1080/09602011.2016.1199387. PMID: 27392251Free PMC Article
Clinical management of agnosia.
Burns MS
Top Stroke Rehabil 2004 Winter;11(1):1-9. doi: 10.1310/N13K-YKYQ-3XX1-NFAV. PMID: 14872395

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Tc-99m labelled bone scintigraphy in suspected cardiac amyloidosis.
Rauf MU, Hawkins PN, Cappelli F, Perfetto F, Zampieri M, Argiro A, Petrie A, Law S, Porcari A, Razvi Y, Bomsztyk J, Ravichandran S, Ioannou A, Patel R, Starr N, Hutt DF, Mahmood S, Wisniowski B, Martinez-Naharro A, Venneri L, Whelan C, Roczenio D, Gilbertson J, Lachmann HJ, Wechalekar AD, Rapezzi C, Serenelli M, Massa P, Caponetti AG, Ponziani A, Accietto A, Giovannetti A, Saturi G, Sguazzotti M, Gagliardi C, Biagini E, Longhi S, Fontana M, Gillmore JD
Eur Heart J 2023 Jun 25;44(24):2187-2198. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad139. PMID: 36946431Free PMC Article
Rehabilitation of visual disorders.
Leff A, Barton JJS
Handb Clin Neurol 2021;178:361-386. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-821377-3.00015-5. PMID: 33832686
Adolescent polycystic ovary syndrome according to the international evidence-based guideline.
Peña AS, Witchel SF, Hoeger KM, Oberfield SE, Vogiatzi MG, Misso M, Garad R, Dabadghao P, Teede H
BMC Med 2020 Mar 24;18(1):72. doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01516-x. PMID: 32204714Free PMC Article
Diagnosis of aphasia in stroke populations: A systematic review of language tests.
Rohde A, Worrall L, Godecke E, O'Halloran R, Farrell A, Massey M
PLoS One 2018;13(3):e0194143. Epub 2018 Mar 22 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194143. PMID: 29566043Free PMC Article
Spatial acalculia.
Ardila A, Rosselli M
Int J Neurosci 1994 Oct;78(3-4):177-84. doi: 10.3109/00207459408986056. PMID: 7883454

Diagnosis

Tc-99m labelled bone scintigraphy in suspected cardiac amyloidosis.
Rauf MU, Hawkins PN, Cappelli F, Perfetto F, Zampieri M, Argiro A, Petrie A, Law S, Porcari A, Razvi Y, Bomsztyk J, Ravichandran S, Ioannou A, Patel R, Starr N, Hutt DF, Mahmood S, Wisniowski B, Martinez-Naharro A, Venneri L, Whelan C, Roczenio D, Gilbertson J, Lachmann HJ, Wechalekar AD, Rapezzi C, Serenelli M, Massa P, Caponetti AG, Ponziani A, Accietto A, Giovannetti A, Saturi G, Sguazzotti M, Gagliardi C, Biagini E, Longhi S, Fontana M, Gillmore JD
Eur Heart J 2023 Jun 25;44(24):2187-2198. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad139. PMID: 36946431Free PMC Article
Alexia and agraphia in Spanish.
Gonzalez R, Rojas M, Ardila A
Int J Lang Commun Disord 2020 Nov;55(6):875-883. Epub 2020 Jul 31 doi: 10.1111/1460-6984.12566. PMID: 32735061
Adolescent polycystic ovary syndrome according to the international evidence-based guideline.
Peña AS, Witchel SF, Hoeger KM, Oberfield SE, Vogiatzi MG, Misso M, Garad R, Dabadghao P, Teede H
BMC Med 2020 Mar 24;18(1):72. doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01516-x. PMID: 32204714Free PMC Article
Macrocephaly: Solving the Diagnostic Dilemma.
Tan AP, Mankad K, Gonçalves FG, Talenti G, Alexia E
Top Magn Reson Imaging 2018 Aug;27(4):197-217. doi: 10.1097/RMR.0000000000000170. PMID: 30086108
Visual agnosia and focal brain injury.
Martinaud O
Rev Neurol (Paris) 2017 Jul-Aug;173(7-8):451-460. Epub 2017 Aug 24 doi: 10.1016/j.neurol.2017.07.009. PMID: 28843416

Therapy

Long-term adherence and response to botulinum toxin in different indications.
Lee JI, Jansen A, Samadzadeh S, Kahlen U, Moll M, Ringelstein M, Soncin G, Bigalke H, Aktas O, Moldovan AS, Waskoenig J, Jander S, Gliem M, Schnitzler A, Hartung HP, Hefter H, Albrecht P
Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021 Jan;8(1):15-28. Epub 2020 Dec 1 doi: 10.1002/acn3.51225. PMID: 33259153Free PMC Article
Interventions for treating anxiety after stroke.
Knapp P, Campbell Burton CA, Holmes J, Murray J, Gillespie D, Lightbody CE, Watkins CL, Chun HY, Lewis SR
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 May 23;5(5):CD008860. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008860.pub3. PMID: 28535332Free PMC Article
Basket Trials in Oncology: A Trade-Off Between Complexity and Efficiency.
Cunanan KM, Gonen M, Shen R, Hyman DM, Riely GJ, Begg CB, Iasonos A
J Clin Oncol 2017 Jan 20;35(3):271-273. Epub 2016 Nov 28 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2016.69.9751. PMID: 27893325Free PMC Article
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) -Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified T Cells for the Immunotherapy of HER2-Positive Sarcoma.
Ahmed N, Brawley VS, Hegde M, Robertson C, Ghazi A, Gerken C, Liu E, Dakhova O, Ashoori A, Corder A, Gray T, Wu MF, Liu H, Hicks J, Rainusso N, Dotti G, Mei Z, Grilley B, Gee A, Rooney CM, Brenner MK, Heslop HE, Wels WS, Wang LL, Anderson P, Gottschalk S
J Clin Oncol 2015 May 20;33(15):1688-96. Epub 2015 Mar 23 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2014.58.0225. PMID: 25800760Free PMC Article
Adaptive dose-finding studies: a review of model-guided phase I clinical trials.
Iasonos A, O'Quigley J
J Clin Oncol 2014 Aug 10;32(23):2505-11. Epub 2014 Jun 30 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2013.54.6051. PMID: 24982451Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Tracking Treatment Response in Cardiac Light-Chain Amyloidosis With Native T1 Mapping.
Ioannou A, Patel RK, Martinez-Naharro A, Razvi Y, Porcari A, Rauf MU, Bolhuis RE, Fernando-Sayers J, Virsinskaite R, Bandera F, Kotecha T, Venneri L, Knight D, Manisty C, Moon J, Lachmann H, Whelan C, Kellman P, Hawkins PN, Gillmore JD, Wechalekar A, Fontana M
JAMA Cardiol 2023 Sep 1;8(9):848-852. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2023.2010. PMID: 37466990Free PMC Article
Tracking Multiorgan Treatment Response in Systemic AL-Amyloidosis With Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Derived Extracellular Volume Mapping.
Ioannou A, Patel RK, Martinez-Naharro A, Razvi Y, Porcari A, Hutt DF, Bandera F, Kotecha T, Venneri L, Chacko L, Massa P, Hanger M, Knight D, Manisty C, Moon J, Quarta C, Lachmann H, Whelan C, Kellman P, Hawkins PN, Gillmore JD, Wechelakar A, Fontana M
JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2023 Aug;16(8):1038-1052. Epub 2023 May 10 doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2023.02.019. PMID: 37178079Free PMC Article
The memory for words: Armand Trousseau on aphasia.
Leblanc R
J Hist Neurosci 2022 Jan-Mar;31(1):1-19. Epub 2021 Jun 11 doi: 10.1080/0964704X.2021.1898909. PMID: 34115961
Post-stroke language disorders.
Sinanović O, Mrkonjić Z, Zukić S, Vidović M, Imamović K
Acta Clin Croat 2011 Mar;50(1):79-94. PMID: 22034787
Posterior cortical atrophy.
Benson DF, Davis RJ, Snyder BD
Arch Neurol 1988 Jul;45(7):789-93. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1988.00520310107024. PMID: 3390033

Clinical prediction guides

The memory for words: Armand Trousseau on aphasia.
Leblanc R
J Hist Neurosci 2022 Jan-Mar;31(1):1-19. Epub 2021 Jun 11 doi: 10.1080/0964704X.2021.1898909. PMID: 34115961
Reading and alexia.
Starrfelt R, Woodhead Z
Handb Clin Neurol 2021;178:213-232. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-821377-3.00010-6. PMID: 33832678
Alexia and agraphia in Spanish.
Gonzalez R, Rojas M, Ardila A
Int J Lang Commun Disord 2020 Nov;55(6):875-883. Epub 2020 Jul 31 doi: 10.1111/1460-6984.12566. PMID: 32735061
Cognitive Rehabilitation of Acquired Calculation Disturbances.
Ardila A, Rosselli M
Behav Neurol 2019;2019:3151092. Epub 2019 Apr 4 doi: 10.1155/2019/3151092. PMID: 31093301Free PMC Article
Spatial acalculia.
Ardila A, Rosselli M
Int J Neurosci 1994 Oct;78(3-4):177-84. doi: 10.3109/00207459408986056. PMID: 7883454

Recent systematic reviews

Antithrombotic treatment after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage.
Cochrane A, Chen C, Stephen J, Rønning OM, Anderson CS, Hankey GJ, Al-Shahi Salman R
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023 Jan 26;1(1):CD012144. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012144.pub3. PMID: 36700520Free PMC Article
Aphasia and acquired reading impairments: What are the high-tech alternatives to compensate for reading deficits?
Cistola G, Farrús M, van der Meulen I
Int J Lang Commun Disord 2021 Jan;56(1):161-173. Epub 2020 Sep 12 doi: 10.1111/1460-6984.12569. PMID: 32918536
Interventions for treating wrist fractures in children.
Handoll HH, Elliott J, Iheozor-Ejiofor Z, Hunter J, Karantana A
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Dec 19;12(12):CD012470. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012470.pub2. PMID: 30566764Free PMC Article
Diagnosis of aphasia in stroke populations: A systematic review of language tests.
Rohde A, Worrall L, Godecke E, O'Halloran R, Farrell A, Massey M
PLoS One 2018;13(3):e0194143. Epub 2018 Mar 22 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194143. PMID: 29566043Free PMC Article
Interventions for treating anxiety after stroke.
Knapp P, Campbell Burton CA, Holmes J, Murray J, Gillespie D, Lightbody CE, Watkins CL, Chun HY, Lewis SR
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 May 23;5(5):CD008860. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008860.pub3. PMID: 28535332Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Related information

    • MeSH
      Related Medical Subject Headings
    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...