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Periodic limb movement disorder

MedGen UID:
199731
•Concept ID:
C0751774
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Abnormal movement during sleep
SNOMED CT: Periodic limb movement disorder (418763003)
 
HPO: HP:5200300
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005905

Definition

Periodic Limb Movement Disorder, also known as Sleep-Related Myoclonus Syndrome or Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome, refers to the periodic and stereotypic movements of the legs or upper limbs during sleep. [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

The European Insomnia Guideline: An update on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia 2023.
Riemann D, Espie CA, Altena E, Arnardottir ES, Baglioni C, Bassetti CLA, Bastien C, Berzina N, Bjorvatn B, Dikeos D, Dolenc Groselj L, Ellis JG, Garcia-Borreguero D, Geoffroy PA, Gjerstad M, Gonçalves M, Hertenstein E, Hoedlmoser K, Hion T, Holzinger B, Janku K, Jansson-Fröjmark M, Järnefelt H, Jernelöv S, Jennum PJ, Khachatryan S, Krone L, Kyle SD, Lancee J, Leger D, Lupusor A, Marques DR, Nissen C, Palagini L, Paunio T, Perogamvros L, Pevernagie D, Schabus M, Shochat T, Szentkiralyi A, Van Someren E, van Straten A, Wichniak A, Verbraecken J, Spiegelhalder K
J Sleep Res 2023 Dec;32(6):e14035. doi: 10.1111/jsr.14035. PMID: 38016484
Restless Legs Syndrome: Contemporary Diagnosis and Treatment.
Gossard TR, Trotti LM, Videnovic A, St Louis EK
Neurotherapeutics 2021 Jan;18(1):140-155. Epub 2021 Apr 20 doi: 10.1007/s13311-021-01019-4. PMID: 33880737Free PMC Article
European guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia.
Riemann D, Baglioni C, Bassetti C, Bjorvatn B, Dolenc Groselj L, Ellis JG, Espie CA, Garcia-Borreguero D, Gjerstad M, Gonçalves M, Hertenstein E, Jansson-Fröjmark M, Jennum PJ, Leger D, Nissen C, Parrino L, Paunio T, Pevernagie D, Verbraecken J, Weeß HG, Wichniak A, Zavalko I, Arnardottir ES, Deleanu OC, Strazisar B, Zoetmulder M, Spiegelhalder K
J Sleep Res 2017 Dec;26(6):675-700. Epub 2017 Sep 5 doi: 10.1111/jsr.12594. PMID: 28875581

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Restless Legs Syndrome: Contemporary Diagnosis and Treatment.
Gossard TR, Trotti LM, Videnovic A, St Louis EK
Neurotherapeutics 2021 Jan;18(1):140-155. Epub 2021 Apr 20 doi: 10.1007/s13311-021-01019-4. PMID: 33880737Free PMC Article
Polysomnography.
Rundo JV, Downey R 3rd
Handb Clin Neurol 2019;160:381-392. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64032-1.00025-4. PMID: 31277862
Sleep disorders in the elderly: a growing challenge.
Gulia KK, Kumar VM
Psychogeriatrics 2018 May;18(3):155-165. doi: 10.1111/psyg.12319. PMID: 29878472
European guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia.
Riemann D, Baglioni C, Bassetti C, Bjorvatn B, Dolenc Groselj L, Ellis JG, Espie CA, Garcia-Borreguero D, Gjerstad M, Gonçalves M, Hertenstein E, Jansson-Fröjmark M, Jennum PJ, Leger D, Nissen C, Parrino L, Paunio T, Pevernagie D, Verbraecken J, Weeß HG, Wichniak A, Zavalko I, Arnardottir ES, Deleanu OC, Strazisar B, Zoetmulder M, Spiegelhalder K
J Sleep Res 2017 Dec;26(6):675-700. Epub 2017 Sep 5 doi: 10.1111/jsr.12594. PMID: 28875581
Nonpharmacologic Management of Chronic Insomnia.
Maness DL, Khan M
Am Fam Physician 2015 Dec 15;92(12):1058-64. PMID: 26760592

Diagnosis

The European Insomnia Guideline: An update on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia 2023.
Riemann D, Espie CA, Altena E, Arnardottir ES, Baglioni C, Bassetti CLA, Bastien C, Berzina N, Bjorvatn B, Dikeos D, Dolenc Groselj L, Ellis JG, Garcia-Borreguero D, Geoffroy PA, Gjerstad M, Gonçalves M, Hertenstein E, Hoedlmoser K, Hion T, Holzinger B, Janku K, Jansson-Fröjmark M, Järnefelt H, Jernelöv S, Jennum PJ, Khachatryan S, Krone L, Kyle SD, Lancee J, Leger D, Lupusor A, Marques DR, Nissen C, Palagini L, Paunio T, Perogamvros L, Pevernagie D, Schabus M, Shochat T, Szentkiralyi A, Van Someren E, van Straten A, Wichniak A, Verbraecken J, Spiegelhalder K
J Sleep Res 2023 Dec;32(6):e14035. doi: 10.1111/jsr.14035. PMID: 38016484
Restless Legs Syndrome: Contemporary Diagnosis and Treatment.
Gossard TR, Trotti LM, Videnovic A, St Louis EK
Neurotherapeutics 2021 Jan;18(1):140-155. Epub 2021 Apr 20 doi: 10.1007/s13311-021-01019-4. PMID: 33880737Free PMC Article
Polysomnography.
Rundo JV, Downey R 3rd
Handb Clin Neurol 2019;160:381-392. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64032-1.00025-4. PMID: 31277862
Sleep Disorders.
K Pavlova M, Latreille V
Am J Med 2019 Mar;132(3):292-299. Epub 2018 Oct 4 doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.09.021. PMID: 30292731
European guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia.
Riemann D, Baglioni C, Bassetti C, Bjorvatn B, Dolenc Groselj L, Ellis JG, Espie CA, Garcia-Borreguero D, Gjerstad M, Gonçalves M, Hertenstein E, Jansson-Fröjmark M, Jennum PJ, Leger D, Nissen C, Parrino L, Paunio T, Pevernagie D, Verbraecken J, Weeß HG, Wichniak A, Zavalko I, Arnardottir ES, Deleanu OC, Strazisar B, Zoetmulder M, Spiegelhalder K
J Sleep Res 2017 Dec;26(6):675-700. Epub 2017 Sep 5 doi: 10.1111/jsr.12594. PMID: 28875581

Therapy

The European Insomnia Guideline: An update on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia 2023.
Riemann D, Espie CA, Altena E, Arnardottir ES, Baglioni C, Bassetti CLA, Bastien C, Berzina N, Bjorvatn B, Dikeos D, Dolenc Groselj L, Ellis JG, Garcia-Borreguero D, Geoffroy PA, Gjerstad M, Gonçalves M, Hertenstein E, Hoedlmoser K, Hion T, Holzinger B, Janku K, Jansson-Fröjmark M, Järnefelt H, Jernelöv S, Jennum PJ, Khachatryan S, Krone L, Kyle SD, Lancee J, Leger D, Lupusor A, Marques DR, Nissen C, Palagini L, Paunio T, Perogamvros L, Pevernagie D, Schabus M, Shochat T, Szentkiralyi A, Van Someren E, van Straten A, Wichniak A, Verbraecken J, Spiegelhalder K
J Sleep Res 2023 Dec;32(6):e14035. doi: 10.1111/jsr.14035. PMID: 38016484
Restless Legs Syndrome: Contemporary Diagnosis and Treatment.
Gossard TR, Trotti LM, Videnovic A, St Louis EK
Neurotherapeutics 2021 Jan;18(1):140-155. Epub 2021 Apr 20 doi: 10.1007/s13311-021-01019-4. PMID: 33880737Free PMC Article
Magnesium supplementation for the treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder: A systematic review.
Marshall NS, Serinel Y, Killick R, Child JM, Raisin I, Berry CM, Lallukka T, Wassing R, Lee RW, Ratnavadivel R, Vedam H, Grunstein R, Wong KK, Hoyos CM, Cayanan EA, Comas M, Chapman JL, Yee BJ
Sleep Med Rev 2019 Dec;48:101218. Epub 2019 Oct 16 doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2019.101218. PMID: 31678660
Sleep Disorders.
K Pavlova M, Latreille V
Am J Med 2019 Mar;132(3):292-299. Epub 2018 Oct 4 doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.09.021. PMID: 30292731
European guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia.
Riemann D, Baglioni C, Bassetti C, Bjorvatn B, Dolenc Groselj L, Ellis JG, Espie CA, Garcia-Borreguero D, Gjerstad M, Gonçalves M, Hertenstein E, Jansson-Fröjmark M, Jennum PJ, Leger D, Nissen C, Parrino L, Paunio T, Pevernagie D, Verbraecken J, Weeß HG, Wichniak A, Zavalko I, Arnardottir ES, Deleanu OC, Strazisar B, Zoetmulder M, Spiegelhalder K
J Sleep Res 2017 Dec;26(6):675-700. Epub 2017 Sep 5 doi: 10.1111/jsr.12594. PMID: 28875581

Prognosis

Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis-Ekbom Disease and Growing Pains in Children and Adolescents.
Simakajornboon N, Dye TJ, Walters AS
Sleep Med Clin 2015 Sep;10(3):311-22, xiv. Epub 2015 Jul 7 doi: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2015.05.014. PMID: 26329441
Periodic limb movements during sleep and their effect on the cardiovascular system: is there a final answer?
Nannapaneni S, Ramar K
Sleep Med 2014 Apr;15(4):379-84. Epub 2014 Feb 26 doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.12.014. PMID: 24656911
Traumatic brain injury and sleep disorders.
Viola-Saltzman M, Watson NF
Neurol Clin 2012 Nov;30(4):1299-312. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2012.08.008. PMID: 23099139Free PMC Article
Sleep disorders in dialysis patients.
Kosmadakis GC, Medcalf JF
Int J Artif Organs 2008 Nov;31(11):919-27. doi: 10.1177/039139880803101101. PMID: 19089793
Periodic limb movement disorder in children.
Simakajornboon N
Paediatr Respir Rev 2006;7 Suppl 1:S55-7. Epub 2006 Jun 6 doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2006.04.175. PMID: 16798596

Clinical prediction guides

Clinical efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose treatment of pediatric restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder.
DelRosso LM, Ferri R, Chen ML, Kapoor V, Allen RP, Mogavero MP, Picchietti DL
Sleep Med 2021 Nov;87:114-118. Epub 2021 Sep 8 doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.08.030. PMID: 34562823
Sleep-Wake Disorders in Childhood.
Licis A
Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2020 Aug;26(4):1034-1069. doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000897. PMID: 32756235
Headache and sleep disorders: review and clinical implications for headache management.
Rains JC, Poceta JS
Headache 2006 Oct;46(9):1344-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2006.00578.x. PMID: 17040332
Psychiatric aspects of organic sleep disorders.
Haba-Rubio J
Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2005;7(4):335-46. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2005.7.4/jhabarubio. PMID: 16416709Free PMC Article
Periodic limb movement disorder and restless legs syndrome in dialysis patients.
Rijsman RM, de Weerd AW, Stam CJ, Kerkhof GA, Rosman JB
Nephrology (Carlton) 2004 Dec;9(6):353-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2004.00330.x. PMID: 15663636

Recent systematic reviews

Periodic limb movement disorder in children: A systematic review.
DelRosso LM, Picchietti DL, Sharon D, Spruyt K, Owens JA, Walters AS, Zucconi M, Ferri R; International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG)
Sleep Med Rev 2024 Aug;76:101935. Epub 2024 Apr 16 doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2024.101935. PMID: 38652932
Migraine and sleep disorders: a systematic review.
Tiseo C, Vacca A, Felbush A, Filimonova T, Gai A, Glazyrina T, Hubalek IA, Marchenko Y, Overeem LH, Piroso S, Tkachev A, Martelletti P, Sacco S; European Headache Federation School of Advanced Studies (EHF-SAS)
J Headache Pain 2020 Oct 27;21(1):126. doi: 10.1186/s10194-020-01192-5. PMID: 33109076Free PMC Article
Magnesium supplementation for the treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder: A systematic review.
Marshall NS, Serinel Y, Killick R, Child JM, Raisin I, Berry CM, Lallukka T, Wassing R, Lee RW, Ratnavadivel R, Vedam H, Grunstein R, Wong KK, Hoyos CM, Cayanan EA, Comas M, Chapman JL, Yee BJ
Sleep Med Rev 2019 Dec;48:101218. Epub 2019 Oct 16 doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2019.101218. PMID: 31678660
Non-respiratory indications for polysomnography and related procedures in children: an evidence-based review.
Kotagal S, Nichols CD, Grigg-Damberger MM, Marcus CL, Witmans MB, Kirk VG, D'Andrea LA, Hoban TF
Sleep 2012 Nov 1;35(11):1451-66. doi: 10.5665/sleep.2188. PMID: 23115394Free PMC Article
The treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in adults--an update for 2012: practice parameters with an evidence-based systematic review and meta-analyses: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline.
Aurora RN, Kristo DA, Bista SR, Rowley JA, Zak RS, Casey KR, Lamm CI, Tracy SL, Rosenberg RS; American Academy of Sleep Medicine
Sleep 2012 Aug 1;35(8):1039-62. doi: 10.5665/sleep.1988. PMID: 22851801Free PMC Article

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