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Testicular leukemia

MedGen UID:
234941
•Concept ID:
C1336711
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: Testicular Leukemia; testicular leukemia
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0001482

Definition

A myeloid or more commonly lymphoid leukemia (acute or chronic) affecting the testis. Microscopically, there is interstitial infiltration of the testis by leukemic cells. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with testicular involvement is not uncommon in boys. Sometimes (up to 10% of the cases), testicular involvement may be the initial manifestation of relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. --03 [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVTesticular leukemia

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Testicular involvement of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and adolescents: Diagnosis, biology, and management.
Nguyen HTK, Terao MA, Green DM, Pui CH, Inaba H
Cancer 2021 Sep 1;127(17):3067-3081. Epub 2021 May 25 doi: 10.1002/cncr.33609. PMID: 34031876Free PMC Article
Elective testicular biopsy at the end of maintenance treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A prospective study.
Békássy AN, Kullendorff CM, Arnbjörnsson E
Eur J Pediatr Surg 1992 Dec;2(6):352-4. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1063477. PMID: 1477063
Acute leukemia: diagnosis and management of testicular involvement.
Heaney JA, Klauber GT, Conley GR
Urology 1983 Jun;21(6):573-7. doi: 10.1016/0090-4295(83)90194-2. PMID: 6575491

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Prognostic factors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with TCF3::PBX1 in CCCG-ALL-2015: A multicenter study.
Zhang H, Wan Y, Wang H, Cai J, Yu J, Hu S, Fang Y, Gao J, Jiang H, Yang M, Liang C, Jin R, Tian X, Ju X, Hu Q, Jiang H, Li Z, Wang N, Sun L, Leung AWK, Wu X, Qian X, Qian M, Li CK, Yang J, Tang J, Zhu X, Shen S, Zhang L, Pui CH, Zhai X
Cancer 2023 Jun 1;129(11):1691-1703. Epub 2023 Mar 21 doi: 10.1002/cncr.34741. PMID: 36943767
Testicular involvement of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and adolescents: Diagnosis, biology, and management.
Nguyen HTK, Terao MA, Green DM, Pui CH, Inaba H
Cancer 2021 Sep 1;127(17):3067-3081. Epub 2021 May 25 doi: 10.1002/cncr.33609. PMID: 34031876Free PMC Article
Relative safety of various spermatogenic stem cell purification methods for application in spermatogenic stem cell transplantation.
Tian J, Ma K, Pei CB, Zhang SH, Li X, Zhou Y, Yan B, Wang HY, Ma LH
Stem Cell Res Ther 2019 Dec 16;10(1):382. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1481-9. PMID: 31842987Free PMC Article
Improved Survival for Children and Young Adults With T-Lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Results From the Children's Oncology Group AALL0434 Methotrexate Randomization.
Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Gaynon PS, Borowitz MJ, Loh ML, Rabin KR, Raetz EA, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP
J Clin Oncol 2018 Oct 10;36(29):2926-2934. Epub 2018 Aug 23 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2018.77.7250. PMID: 30138085Free PMC Article
Lymphoma and leukemia involving the testicles: findings on gray-scale and color Doppler sonography.
Mazzu D, Jeffrey RB Jr, Ralls PW
AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995 Mar;164(3):645-7. doi: 10.2214/ajr.164.3.7863887. PMID: 7863887

Diagnosis

Prognostic factors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with TCF3::PBX1 in CCCG-ALL-2015: A multicenter study.
Zhang H, Wan Y, Wang H, Cai J, Yu J, Hu S, Fang Y, Gao J, Jiang H, Yang M, Liang C, Jin R, Tian X, Ju X, Hu Q, Jiang H, Li Z, Wang N, Sun L, Leung AWK, Wu X, Qian X, Qian M, Li CK, Yang J, Tang J, Zhu X, Shen S, Zhang L, Pui CH, Zhai X
Cancer 2023 Jun 1;129(11):1691-1703. Epub 2023 Mar 21 doi: 10.1002/cncr.34741. PMID: 36943767
Testicular involvement of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and adolescents: Diagnosis, biology, and management.
Nguyen HTK, Terao MA, Green DM, Pui CH, Inaba H
Cancer 2021 Sep 1;127(17):3067-3081. Epub 2021 May 25 doi: 10.1002/cncr.33609. PMID: 34031876Free PMC Article
Testicular lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma.
Gutjahr P, Humpl T
World J Urol 1995;13(4):230-2. doi: 10.1007/BF00182968. PMID: 8528297
Acute leukemia: diagnosis and management of testicular involvement.
Heaney JA, Klauber GT, Conley GR
Urology 1983 Jun;21(6):573-7. doi: 10.1016/0090-4295(83)90194-2. PMID: 6575491
Clinical and occult testicular leukemia in long-term survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Wong KY, Ballard ET, Strayer FH, Kisker CT, Lampkin BC
J Pediatr 1980 Mar;96(3 Pt 2):569-74. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(80)80868-7. PMID: 6928464

Therapy

Prognostic factors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with TCF3::PBX1 in CCCG-ALL-2015: A multicenter study.
Zhang H, Wan Y, Wang H, Cai J, Yu J, Hu S, Fang Y, Gao J, Jiang H, Yang M, Liang C, Jin R, Tian X, Ju X, Hu Q, Jiang H, Li Z, Wang N, Sun L, Leung AWK, Wu X, Qian X, Qian M, Li CK, Yang J, Tang J, Zhu X, Shen S, Zhang L, Pui CH, Zhai X
Cancer 2023 Jun 1;129(11):1691-1703. Epub 2023 Mar 21 doi: 10.1002/cncr.34741. PMID: 36943767
Testicular involvement of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and adolescents: Diagnosis, biology, and management.
Nguyen HTK, Terao MA, Green DM, Pui CH, Inaba H
Cancer 2021 Sep 1;127(17):3067-3081. Epub 2021 May 25 doi: 10.1002/cncr.33609. PMID: 34031876Free PMC Article
Improved Survival for Children and Young Adults With T-Lineage Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Results From the Children's Oncology Group AALL0434 Methotrexate Randomization.
Winter SS, Dunsmore KP, Devidas M, Wood BL, Esiashvili N, Chen Z, Eisenberg N, Briegel N, Hayashi RJ, Gastier-Foster JM, Carroll AJ, Heerema NA, Asselin BL, Gaynon PS, Borowitz MJ, Loh ML, Rabin KR, Raetz EA, Zweidler-Mckay PA, Winick NJ, Carroll WL, Hunger SP
J Clin Oncol 2018 Oct 10;36(29):2926-2934. Epub 2018 Aug 23 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2018.77.7250. PMID: 30138085Free PMC Article
Effect of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy on spermatogonia populations and future fertility.
Nurmio M, Keros V, Lähteenmäki P, Salmi T, Kallajoki M, Jahnukainen K
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009 Jun;94(6):2119-22. Epub 2009 Mar 24 doi: 10.1210/jc.2009-0060. PMID: 19318447
Leukemic infiltration of the testis during long-term remission.
Rosenkrantz JG, Wong KY, Ballard ET, Cox JA, Martin LW
J Pediatr Surg 1978 Dec;13(6D):753-6. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3468(78)80127-4. PMID: 282424

Prognosis

Prognostic factors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with TCF3::PBX1 in CCCG-ALL-2015: A multicenter study.
Zhang H, Wan Y, Wang H, Cai J, Yu J, Hu S, Fang Y, Gao J, Jiang H, Yang M, Liang C, Jin R, Tian X, Ju X, Hu Q, Jiang H, Li Z, Wang N, Sun L, Leung AWK, Wu X, Qian X, Qian M, Li CK, Yang J, Tang J, Zhu X, Shen S, Zhang L, Pui CH, Zhai X
Cancer 2023 Jun 1;129(11):1691-1703. Epub 2023 Mar 21 doi: 10.1002/cncr.34741. PMID: 36943767
Poor treatment responses were related to poor outcomes in pediatric B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with KMT2A rearrangements.
Wen J, Zhou M, Shen Y, Long Y, Guo Y, Song L, Xiao J
BMC Cancer 2022 Aug 6;22(1):859. doi: 10.1186/s12885-022-09804-w. PMID: 35933338Free PMC Article
Testicular lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma.
Gutjahr P, Humpl T
World J Urol 1995;13(4):230-2. doi: 10.1007/BF00182968. PMID: 8528297
Isolated testicular relapse in acute lymphocytic leukemia of childhood: categories and influence on survival.
Bowman WP, Aur RJ, Hustu HO, Rivera G
J Clin Oncol 1984 Aug;2(8):924-9. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1984.2.8.924. PMID: 6589364
Clinical and occult testicular leukemia in long-term survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Wong KY, Ballard ET, Strayer FH, Kisker CT, Lampkin BC
J Pediatr 1980 Mar;96(3 Pt 2):569-74. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(80)80868-7. PMID: 6928464

Clinical prediction guides

Relative safety of various spermatogenic stem cell purification methods for application in spermatogenic stem cell transplantation.
Tian J, Ma K, Pei CB, Zhang SH, Li X, Zhou Y, Yan B, Wang HY, Ma LH
Stem Cell Res Ther 2019 Dec 16;10(1):382. doi: 10.1186/s13287-019-1481-9. PMID: 31842987Free PMC Article
Treatment of occult or late overt testicular relapse in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a Pediatric Oncology Group study.
Wofford MM, Smith SD, Shuster JJ, Johnson W, Buchanan GR, Wharam MD, Ritchey AK, Rosen D, Haggard ME, Golembe BL
J Clin Oncol 1992 Apr;10(4):624-30. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1992.10.4.624. PMID: 1548525
Extramedullary relapse in childhood leukemia.
Tsukimoto I
Acta Paediatr Jpn 1991 Aug;33(4):540-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.1991.tb02583.x. PMID: 1792914
Three versus five years of maintenance therapy are equivalent in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Childrens Cancer Study Group.
Miller DR, Leikin SL, Albo VC, Sather H, Hammond GD
J Clin Oncol 1989 Mar;7(3):316-25. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1989.7.3.316. PMID: 2645385
Correlation of gonadal function with histology of testicular biopsies at treatment discontinuation in childhood acute leukemia.
Uderzo C, Locasciulli A, Marzorati R, Adamoli L, Di Natale B, Nizzoli G, Cazzaniga M, Masera G
Med Pediatr Oncol 1984;12(2):97-100. doi: 10.1002/mpo.2950120207. PMID: 6422220

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