Difficulty in swallowing.

Dysarthric speech is a general description referring to a neurological speech disorder characterized by poor articulation. Depending on the involved neurological structures, dysarthria may be further classified as spastic, flaccid, ataxic, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic, or mixed.

Gliosis is the focal proliferation of glial cells in the central nervous system.

Pathological protein aggregates formed by hyperphosphorylation of a microtubule-associated protein known as tau, causing it to aggregate in an insoluble form.

Inability to initiate changes in activity or movement and to perform ordinary volitional movements rapidly and easily.

Apathy is a quantitative reduction of interest, motivation and the initiation and persistence of goal-directed behavior, where often the accompanying emotions, thoughts, and social interactions are also diminished. The individual is typically non-reactive to provocations, positive or negative, and appears to not care. Distinguished from lethargy which involves lack of physical or mental energy.

Excessive sensitivity to light with the sensation of discomfort or pain in the eyes due to exposure to bright light.

A sudden movement downward, usually resulting in injury.

Bradykinesia literally means slow movement, and is used clinically to denote a slowness in the execution of movement (in contrast to hypokinesia, which is used to refer to slowness in the initiation of movement).

An impairment of memory as manifested by a reduced ability to remember things such as dates and names, and increased forgetfulness.

A type of tremors that is triggered by holding a limb in a fixed position.

Characteristic neurologic anomaly resulting from degeneration of dopamine-generating cells in the substantia nigra, a region of the midbrain, characterized clinically by shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement and difficulty with walking and gait.

Electron-dense granules within double membrane-bound cytoplasmic vacuoles.

Primitive reflexes traditionally held to be a sign of disorders that affect the frontal lobes.

A type of dystonia that affects the midline muscles, i.e., the chest, abdominal, and back muscles.

A proneness to anger, i.e., a tendency to become easily bothered or annoyed.

A reduction in the number of nerve cells in the basal ganglia.

A form of torticollis in which the head is drawn back, either due to a permanent contractures of neck extensor muscles, or to a spasmodic contracture.

Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from muscle spasticity.

Diplopia is a condition in which a single object is perceived as two images, it is also known as double vision.

Lack of sharpness of vision resulting in the inability to see fine detail.

A supranuclear gaze palsy is an inability to look in a particular direction as a result of cerebral impairment. There is a loss of the voluntary aspect of eye movements, but, as the brainstem is still intact, all the reflex conjugate eye movements are normal.