From HPO
Vesicoureteral reflux- MedGen UID:
- 21852
- •Concept ID:
- C0042580
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is characterized by the reflux of urine from the bladder into the ureters and sometimes into the kidneys. It is a risk factor for urinary tract infections. Primary VUR results from a developmental defect of the ureterovesical junction (UVJ). In combination with intrarenal reflux, the resulting inflammatory reaction may result in renal injury or scarring, also called reflux nephropathy (RN). Extensive renal scarring impairs renal function and may predispose patients to hypertension, proteinuria, and renal insufficiency (summary by Lu et al., 2007).
Genetic Heterogeneity of Vesicoureteral Reflux
A locus designated VUR1 maps to chromosome 1p13. VUR2 (610878) is caused by mutation in the ROBO2 gene (602431) on chromosome 3p12; VUR3 (613674) is caused by mutation in the SOX17 gene (610928) on chromosome 8q11; VUR4 (614317) maps to chromosome 5; VUR5 (614318) maps to chromosome 13; VUR6 (614319) maps to chromosome 18; VUR7 (615390) maps to chromosome 12; and VUR8 (615963) is caused by mutation in the TNXB gene (600985) on chromosome 6p21. A possible X-linked form has been reported (VURX; 314550).
Chordee- MedGen UID:
- 66363
- •Concept ID:
- C0221182
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Ventral, lateral, or ventrolateral bowing of the shaft and glans penis of more than 30 degrees.
Uterus didelphys- MedGen UID:
- 82740
- •Concept ID:
- C0266393
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
A malformation of the uterus in which the uterus is present as a paired organ as a result of the failure of fusion of the mullerian ducts during embryogenesis.
Bifid scrotum- MedGen UID:
- 90968
- •Concept ID:
- C0341787
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Midline indentation or cleft of the scrotum.
Ureteropelvic junction obstruction- MedGen UID:
- 105482
- •Concept ID:
- C0521619
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
Blockage of urine flow from the renal pelvis to the proximal ureter.
Hypospadias- MedGen UID:
- 163083
- •Concept ID:
- C0848558
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Abnormal position of urethral meatus on the ventral penile shaft (underside) characterized by displacement of the urethral meatus from the tip of the glans penis to the ventral surface of the penis, scrotum, or perineum.
Renal insufficiency- MedGen UID:
- 332529
- •Concept ID:
- C1565489
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A reduction in the level of performance of the kidneys in areas of function comprising the concentration of urine, removal of wastes, the maintenance of electrolyte balance, homeostasis of blood pressure, and calcium metabolism.
Longitudinal vaginal septum- MedGen UID:
- 331104
- •Concept ID:
- C1841680
- •
- Finding
The presence of a longitudinal vaginal septum, thereby creating a vaginal duplication.
Micropenis- MedGen UID:
- 1633603
- •Concept ID:
- C4551492
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Abnormally small penis. At birth, the normal penis is about 3 cm (stretched length from pubic tubercle to tip of penis) with micropenis less than 2.0-2.5 cm.
Brachydactyly- MedGen UID:
- 67454
- •Concept ID:
- C0221357
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Digits that appear disproportionately short compared to the hand/foot. The word brachydactyly is used here to describe a series distinct patterns of shortened digits (brachydactyly types A-E). This is the sense used here.
Hallux varus- MedGen UID:
- 107471
- •Concept ID:
- C0546297
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
Medial deviation of the great toe owing to a deformity of the great toe joint causing the hallux to deviate medially.
Delayed ossification of carpal bones- MedGen UID:
- 374771
- •Concept ID:
- C1841684
- •
- Finding
Ossification of carpal bones occurs later than age-adjusted norms.
Short first metatarsal- MedGen UID:
- 330663
- •Concept ID:
- C1841688
- •
- Finding
Short first metatarsal bone.
Short 5th finger- MedGen UID:
- 334269
- •Concept ID:
- C1842878
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Hypoplasia (congenital reduction in size) of the fifth finger, also known as the little finger.
Ulnar deviation of the 2nd finger- MedGen UID:
- 336806
- •Concept ID:
- C1844891
- •
- Finding
Displacement of the 2nd (index) finger towards the ulnar side.
Small thenar eminence- MedGen UID:
- 335432
- •Concept ID:
- C1846474
- •
- Finding
Underdevelopment of the thenar eminence with reduced palmar soft tissue mass surrounding the base of the thumb.
Short 1st metacarpal- MedGen UID:
- 376561
- •Concept ID:
- C1849311
- •
- Finding
A developmental defect characterized by reduced length of the first metacarpal (long bone) of the hand.
Clinodactyly of the 5th finger- MedGen UID:
- 340456
- •Concept ID:
- C1850049
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Clinodactyly refers to a bending or curvature of the fifth finger in the radial direction (i.e., towards the 4th finger).
Shortening of all middle phalanges of the fingers- MedGen UID:
- 347331
- •Concept ID:
- C1856912
- •
- Finding
Short, hypoplastic middle phalanx of finger, affecting all fingers.
Proximal placement of thumb- MedGen UID:
- 356033
- •Concept ID:
- C1865572
- •
- Finding
Proximal mislocalization of the thumb.
Short hallux- MedGen UID:
- 400890
- •Concept ID:
- C1865992
- •
- Finding
Underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the big toe.
Short 2nd toe- MedGen UID:
- 867399
- •Concept ID:
- C4021769
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
Underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the second toe.
Pseudoepiphyses- MedGen UID:
- 333889
- •Concept ID:
- C1841685
- •
- Finding
Delayed tarsal ossification- MedGen UID:
- 339625
- •Concept ID:
- C1846853
- •
- Finding
Delayed maturation and calcification of any of the tarsal bones, seven bones of the foot comprising the calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, and the cuneiform bones.
Pyelonephritis- MedGen UID:
- 19590
- •Concept ID:
- C0034186
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
An inflammation of the kidney involving the parenchyma of kidney, the renal pelvis and the kidney calices.
Small nail- MedGen UID:
- 537942
- •Concept ID:
- C0263523
- •
- Finding
A nail that is diminished in length and width, i.e., underdeveloped nail.
- Abnormality of limbs
- Abnormality of the genitourinary system
- Abnormality of the immune system
- Abnormality of the integument
- Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system