U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Syndromic X-linked intellectual disability 12(MRXS12)

MedGen UID:
333405
Concept ID:
C1839792
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Synonym: MRXS12
Modes of inheritance:
X-linked recessive inheritance
MedGen UID:
375779
Concept ID:
C1845977
Finding
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for recessive traits related to a gene encoded on the X chromosome. In the context of medical genetics, X-linked recessive disorders manifest in males (who have one copy of the X chromosome and are thus hemizygotes), but generally not in female heterozygotes who have one mutant and one normal allele.
X-linked dominant inheritance
MedGen UID:
376232
Concept ID:
C1847879
Finding
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for dominant traits related to a gene encoded on the X chromosome. In the context of medical genetics, X-linked dominant disorders tend to manifest very severely in affected males. The severity of manifestation in females may depend on the degree of skewed X inactivation.
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0010658
OMIM®: 309545
Orphanet: ORPHA85290

Definition

X-linked intellectual disability, Wilson type is characterised by severe intellectual deficit with mutism, epilepsy, growth retardation and recurrent infections. It has been described in three males from three generations of one family. The causative gene has been localised to the 11p region of the X chromosome. [from ORDO]

Clinical features

From HPO
Postnatal growth retardation
MedGen UID:
395343
Concept ID:
C1859778
Finding
Slow or limited growth after birth.
Aphasia
MedGen UID:
8159
Concept ID:
C0003537
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
An acquired language impairment of some or all of the abilities to produce or comprehend speech and to read or write.
Seizure
MedGen UID:
20693
Concept ID:
C0036572
Sign or Symptom
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Delayed speech and language development
MedGen UID:
105318
Concept ID:
C0454644
Finding
A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age.
Intellectual disability
MedGen UID:
811461
Concept ID:
C3714756
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Brachycephaly
MedGen UID:
113165
Concept ID:
C0221356
Congenital Abnormality
An abnormality of skull shape characterized by a decreased anterior-posterior diameter. That is, a cephalic index greater than 81%. Alternatively, an apparently shortened anteroposterior dimension (length) of the head compared to width.
Recurrent infections
MedGen UID:
65998
Concept ID:
C0239998
Finding
Increased susceptibility to infections.
Wide mouth
MedGen UID:
44238
Concept ID:
C0024433
Congenital Abnormality
Distance between the oral commissures more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased width of the oral aperture (subjective).
Mandibular prognathia
MedGen UID:
98316
Concept ID:
C0399526
Finding
Abnormal prominence of the chin related to increased length of the mandible.
Square face
MedGen UID:
371253
Concept ID:
C1832127
Finding
Facial contours, as viewed from the front, show a broad upper face/cranium and lower face/mandible, creating a square appearance.
Thick lower lip vermilion
MedGen UID:
326567
Concept ID:
C1839739
Finding
Increased thickness of the lower lip, leading to a prominent appearance of the lower lip. The height of the vermilion of the lower lip in the midline is more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased height of the vermilion of the lower lip in the frontal view (subjective).
Thick upper lip vermilion
MedGen UID:
339521
Concept ID:
C1846423
Finding
Height of the vermilion of the upper lip in the midline more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased height of the vermilion of the upper lip in the frontal view (subjective).

Professional guidelines

PubMed

León NY, Harley VR
Hum Genet 2021 Dec;140(12):1625-1634. Epub 2021 Sep 15 doi: 10.1007/s00439-021-02361-5. PMID: 34524523
Magini P, Palombo F, Boito S, Lanzoni G, Mongelli P, Rizzuti T, Baccarin M, Pippucci T, Seri M, Lalatta F
Am J Med Genet A 2016 Dec;170(12):3258-3264. Epub 2016 Sep 9 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37873. PMID: 27612164
Beck M
Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2011 Jun;12(6):861-6. doi: 10.2174/138920111795542714. PMID: 21235446

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Thakkar RN, Patel D, Kioutchoukova IP, Al-Bahou R, Reddy P, Foster DT, Lucke-Wold B
Med Sci (Basel) 2024 Jan 25;12(1) doi: 10.3390/medsci12010007. PMID: 38390857Free PMC Article
Hayward BE, Usdin K
Genes (Basel) 2021 Oct 17;12(10) doi: 10.3390/genes12101633. PMID: 34681027Free PMC Article
León NY, Harley VR
Hum Genet 2021 Dec;140(12):1625-1634. Epub 2021 Sep 15 doi: 10.1007/s00439-021-02361-5. PMID: 34524523
Storey E
Semin Neurol 2014 Jul;34(3):280-92. Epub 2014 Sep 5 doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1386766. PMID: 25192506
Ropers HH
Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2010;11:161-87. doi: 10.1146/annurev-genom-082509-141640. PMID: 20822471

Diagnosis

Boniel S, Szymańska K, Śmigiel R, Szczałuba K
Genes (Basel) 2021 Mar 25;12(4) doi: 10.3390/genes12040468. PMID: 33805950Free PMC Article
LaDuca H, Farwell KD, Vuong H, Lu HM, Mu W, Shahmirzadi L, Tang S, Chen J, Bhide S, Chao EC
PLoS One 2017;12(2):e0170843. Epub 2017 Feb 2 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170843. PMID: 28152038Free PMC Article
Couser NL, Masood MM, Aylsworth AS, Stevenson RE
Ophthalmic Genet 2017 Sep-Oct;38(5):401-412. Epub 2017 Jan 23 doi: 10.1080/13816810.2016.1247459. PMID: 28112979
Storey E
Semin Neurol 2014 Jul;34(3):280-92. Epub 2014 Sep 5 doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1386766. PMID: 25192506
Torres RJ, Puig JG
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2007 Dec 8;2:48. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-2-48. PMID: 18067674Free PMC Article

Therapy

O'Connor FG, Leggit JC
FP Essent 2024 Sep;544:12-19. PMID: 39283673
Mastrangelo M, Greco C, Tolve M, Bartolini E, Russo A, Nicita F, Pruna D, Galli J, Favaro J, Terrone G, De Felice C, Pisani F
Seizure 2024 Jul;119:119-127. Epub 2024 Jun 4 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2024.06.002. PMID: 38851096
Gieldon L, Mackenroth L, Betcheva-Krajcir E, Rump A, Beck-Wödl S, Schallner J, Di Donato N, Schröck E, Tzschach A
Am J Med Genet A 2017 Sep;173(9):2545-2550. Epub 2017 Aug 4 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38348. PMID: 28777483
LaDuca H, Farwell KD, Vuong H, Lu HM, Mu W, Shahmirzadi L, Tang S, Chen J, Bhide S, Chao EC
PLoS One 2017;12(2):e0170843. Epub 2017 Feb 2 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170843. PMID: 28152038Free PMC Article
Tylki-Szymańska A
Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 2014 Sep;12 Suppl 1:107-13. PMID: 25345092

Prognosis

Shchubelka K, Turova L, Wolfsberger W, Kalanquin K, Williston K, Kurutsa O, Makovetska A, Hasynets Y, Mirutenko V, Vakerych M, Oleksyk TK
J Neurodev Disord 2024 Mar 27;16(1):13. doi: 10.1186/s11689-024-09528-x. PMID: 38539105Free PMC Article
Brunet M, Vargas C, Larrieu D, Torrisani J, Dufresne M
Int J Mol Sci 2020 Nov 12;21(22) doi: 10.3390/ijms21228515. PMID: 33198194Free PMC Article
LaDuca H, Farwell KD, Vuong H, Lu HM, Mu W, Shahmirzadi L, Tang S, Chen J, Bhide S, Chao EC
PLoS One 2017;12(2):e0170843. Epub 2017 Feb 2 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170843. PMID: 28152038Free PMC Article
Tønne E, Holdhus R, Stansberg C, Stray-Pedersen A, Petersen K, Brunner HG, Gilissen C, Hoischen A, Prescott T, Steen VM, Fiskerstrand T
Eur J Hum Genet 2015 Dec;23(12):1652-6. Epub 2015 Mar 4 doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.30. PMID: 25735484Free PMC Article
Tylki-Szymańska A
Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 2014 Sep;12 Suppl 1:107-13. PMID: 25345092

Clinical prediction guides

Jain V, Foo SH, Chooi S, Moss C, Goodwin R, Berland S, Clarke AJ, Davies SJ, Corrin S, Murch O, Doyle S, Graham GE, Greenhalgh L, Holder SE, Johnson D, Kumar A, Ladda RL, Sell S, Begtrup A, Lynch SA, McCann E, Østern R, Pottinger C, Splitt M, Fry AE
Eur J Hum Genet 2023 Dec;31(12):1421-1429. Epub 2023 Sep 14 doi: 10.1038/s41431-023-01447-0. PMID: 37704779Free PMC Article
Nagarajan B, Gowda VK, Yoganathan S, Sharawat IK, Srivastava K, Vora N, Badheka R, Danda S, Kalane U, Kaur A, Madaan P, Mehta S, Negi S, Panda PK, Rajadhyaksha S, Saini AG, Saini L, Shah S, Srinivasan VM, Suthar R, Thomas M, Vyas S, Sankhyan N, Sahu JK
Epilepsia Open 2023 Dec;8(4):1383-1404. Epub 2023 Aug 25 doi: 10.1002/epi4.12811. PMID: 37583270Free PMC Article
Parent H, Ferranti A, Niswender C
Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023 Oct;44(10):740-741. Epub 2023 Jul 16 doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.06.008. PMID: 37460385Free PMC Article
LaDuca H, Farwell KD, Vuong H, Lu HM, Mu W, Shahmirzadi L, Tang S, Chen J, Bhide S, Chao EC
PLoS One 2017;12(2):e0170843. Epub 2017 Feb 2 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170843. PMID: 28152038Free PMC Article
Kleefstra T, Hamel BC
Clin Genet 2005 Jun;67(6):451-67. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2005.00434.x. PMID: 15857409

Recent systematic reviews

León NY, Harley VR
Hum Genet 2021 Dec;140(12):1625-1634. Epub 2021 Sep 15 doi: 10.1007/s00439-021-02361-5. PMID: 34524523

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Recent activity

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...