U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

X-linked cone-rod dystrophy 3(CORDX3)

MedGen UID:
336932
Concept ID:
C1845407
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: CORDX3
 
Gene (location): CACNA1F (Xp11.23)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0010335
OMIM®: 300476

Definition

Cone-rod dystrophy is a retinal disorder with predominantly cone involvement. Rod impairment may occur at the same time as the cone impairment or appear later. Patients with CORD usually have reduced visual acuity, photophobia, and color vision defects (summary by Huang et al., 2013). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of X-linked cone-rod dystrophy, see 304020. [from OMIM]

Additional description

From MedlinePlus Genetics
There are more than 30 types of cone-rod dystrophy, which are distinguished by their genetic cause and their pattern of inheritance: autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, and X-linked. Additionally, cone-rod dystrophy can occur alone without any other signs and symptoms or it can occur as part of a syndrome that affects multiple parts of the body.

The first signs and symptoms of cone-rod dystrophy, which often occur in childhood, are usually decreased sharpness of vision (visual acuity) and increased sensitivity to light (photophobia). These features are typically followed by impaired color vision (dyschromatopsia), blind spots (scotomas) in the center of the visual field, and partial side (peripheral) vision loss. Over time, affected individuals develop night blindness and a worsening of their peripheral vision, which can limit independent mobility. Decreasing visual acuity makes reading increasingly difficult and most affected individuals are legally blind by mid-adulthood. As the condition progresses, individuals may develop involuntary eye movements (nystagmus).

Cone-rod dystrophy is a group of related eye disorders that causes vision loss, which becomes more severe over time. These disorders affect the retina, which is the layer of light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. In people with cone-rod dystrophy, vision loss occurs as the light-sensing cells of the retina gradually deteriorate.  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/cone-rod-dystrophy

Clinical features

From HPO
Photophobia
MedGen UID:
43220
Concept ID:
C0085636
Sign or Symptom
Excessive sensitivity to light with the sensation of discomfort or pain in the eyes due to exposure to bright light.
Astigmatism
MedGen UID:
2473
Concept ID:
C0004106
Disease or Syndrome
Astigmatism (from the Greek 'a' meaning absence and 'stigma' meaning point) is a condition in which the parallel rays of light entering the eye through the refractive media are not focused on a single point. Both corneal and noncorneal factors contribute to refractive astigmatism. Corneal astigmatism is mainly the result of an aspheric anterior surface of the cornea, which can be measured readily by means of a keratometer; in a small fraction of cases (approximately 1 in 10) the effect is neutralized by the back surface. The curvature of the back surface of the cornea is not considered in most studies, because it is more difficult to measure; moreover, in the case of severe corneal astigmatism, there is evidence that both surfaces have the same configuration. Noncorneal factors are errors in the curvature of the 2 surfaces of the crystalline lens, irregularity in the refractive index of the lens, and an eccentric lens position. Since the cornea is the dominant component of the eye's refracting system, a highly astigmatic cornea is likely to result in a similarly astigmatic ocular refraction (summary by Clementi et al., 1998).
Myopia
MedGen UID:
44558
Concept ID:
C0027092
Disease or Syndrome
Nearsightedness, also known as myopia, is an eye condition that causes blurry distance vision. People who are nearsighted have more trouble seeing things that are far away (such as when driving) than things that are close up (such as when reading or using a computer). If it is not treated with corrective lenses or surgery, nearsightedness can lead to squinting, eyestrain, headaches, and significant visual impairment.\n\nNearsightedness usually begins in childhood or adolescence. It tends to worsen with age until adulthood, when it may stop getting worse (stabilize). In some people, nearsightedness improves in later adulthood.\n\nFor normal vision, light passes through the clear cornea at the front of the eye and is focused by the lens onto the surface of the retina, which is the lining of the back of the eye that contains light-sensing cells. People who are nearsighted typically have eyeballs that are too long from front to back. As a result, light entering the eye is focused too far forward, in front of the retina instead of on its surface. It is this change that causes distant objects to appear blurry. The longer the eyeball is, the farther forward light rays will be focused and the more severely nearsighted a person will be.\n\nNearsightedness is measured by how powerful a lens must be to correct it. The standard unit of lens power is called a diopter. Negative (minus) powered lenses are used to correct nearsightedness. The more severe a person's nearsightedness, the larger the number of diopters required for correction. In an individual with nearsightedness, one eye may be more nearsighted than the other.\n\nEye doctors often refer to nearsightedness less than -5 or -6 diopters as "common myopia." Nearsightedness of -6 diopters or more is commonly called "high myopia." This distinction is important because high myopia increases a person's risk of developing other eye problems that can lead to permanent vision loss or blindness. These problems include tearing and detachment of the retina, clouding of the lens (cataract), and an eye disease called glaucoma that is usually related to increased pressure within the eye. The risk of these other eye problems increases with the severity of the nearsightedness. The term "pathological myopia" is used to describe cases in which high myopia leads to tissue damage within the eye.
Nystagmus
MedGen UID:
45166
Concept ID:
C0028738
Disease or Syndrome
Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.
Retinal detachment
MedGen UID:
19759
Concept ID:
C0035305
Disease or Syndrome
Primary or spontaneous detachment of the retina occurs due to underlying ocular disease and often involves the vitreous as well as the retina. The precipitating event is formation of a retinal tear or hole, which permits fluid to accumulate under the sensory layers of the retina and creates an intraretinal cleavage that destroys the neurosensory process of visual reception. Vitreoretinal degeneration and tear formation are painless phenomena, and in most cases, significant vitreoretinal pathology is found only after detachment of the retina starts to cause loss of vision or visual field. Without surgical intervention, retinal detachment will almost inevitably lead to total blindness (summary by McNiel and McPherson, 1971).
Central scotoma
MedGen UID:
57750
Concept ID:
C0152191
Finding
An area of depressed vision located at the point of fixation and that interferes with central vision.
Color vision defect
MedGen UID:
115964
Concept ID:
C0234629
Finding
An anomaly in the ability to discriminate between or recognize colors.
Reduced visual acuity
MedGen UID:
65889
Concept ID:
C0234632
Finding
Diminished clarity of vision.
Absent foveal reflex
MedGen UID:
602333
Concept ID:
C0423420
Finding
Lack of the foveal reflex, which normally occurs as a result of the reflection of light from the ophthalmoscope in the foveal pit upon examination. The foveal reflex is a bright pinpoint of light that is observed to move sideways or up and down in response to movement of the opthalmoscope.
Optic disc pallor
MedGen UID:
108218
Concept ID:
C0554970
Finding
A pale yellow discoloration of the optic disc (the area of the optic nerve head in the retina). The optic disc normally has a pinkish hue with a central yellowish depression.
Abnormal light- and dark-adapted electroretinogram
MedGen UID:
462461
Concept ID:
C3151111
Finding
An abnormality of the combined rod-and-cone response on electroretinogram.
Visual impairment
MedGen UID:
777085
Concept ID:
C3665347
Finding
Visual impairment (or vision impairment) is vision loss (of a person) to such a degree as to qualify as an additional support need through a significant limitation of visual capability resulting from either disease, trauma, or congenital or degenerative conditions that cannot be corrected by conventional means, such as refractive correction, medication, or surgery.
Abnormality of macular pigmentation
MedGen UID:
892991
Concept ID:
C4024756
Anatomical Abnormality
Abnormality of macular or foveal pigmentation.
Cone-rod dystrophy
MedGen UID:
896366
Concept ID:
C4085590
Disease or Syndrome
There are more than 30 types of cone-rod dystrophy, which are distinguished by their genetic cause and their pattern of inheritance: autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, and X-linked. Additionally, cone-rod dystrophy can occur alone without any other signs and symptoms or it can occur as part of a syndrome that affects multiple parts of the body.\n\nThe first signs and symptoms of cone-rod dystrophy, which often occur in childhood, are usually decreased sharpness of vision (visual acuity) and increased sensitivity to light (photophobia). These features are typically followed by impaired color vision (dyschromatopsia), blind spots (scotomas) in the center of the visual field, and partial side (peripheral) vision loss. Over time, affected individuals develop night blindness and a worsening of their peripheral vision, which can limit independent mobility. Decreasing visual acuity makes reading increasingly difficult and most affected individuals are legally blind by mid-adulthood. As the condition progresses, individuals may develop involuntary eye movements (nystagmus).\n\nCone-rod dystrophy is a group of related eye disorders that causes vision loss, which becomes more severe over time. These disorders affect the retina, which is the layer of light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. In people with cone-rod dystrophy, vision loss occurs as the light-sensing cells of the retina gradually deteriorate.

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Hove MN, Kilic-Biyik KZ, Trotter A, Grønskov K, Sander B, Larsen M, Carroll J, Bech-Hansen T, Rosenberg T
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016 Dec 1;57(15):6861-6869. doi: 10.1167/iovs.16-19445. PMID: 28002560Free PMC Article
Hauke J, Schild A, Neugebauer A, Lappa A, Fricke J, Fauser S, Rösler S, Pannes A, Zarrinnam D, Altmüller J, Motameny S, Nürnberg G, Nürnberg P, Hahnen E, Beck BB
PLoS One 2013;8(10):e76414. Epub 2013 Oct 4 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076414. PMID: 24124559Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Wyględowska-Promieńska D, Świerczyńska M, Śpiewak D, Pojda-Wilczek D, Tronina A, Dorecka M, Smędowski A
Int J Mol Sci 2024 Mar 2;25(5) doi: 10.3390/ijms25052928. PMID: 38474172Free PMC Article
Hove MN, Kilic-Biyik KZ, Trotter A, Grønskov K, Sander B, Larsen M, Carroll J, Bech-Hansen T, Rosenberg T
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016 Dec 1;57(15):6861-6869. doi: 10.1167/iovs.16-19445. PMID: 28002560Free PMC Article
Hauke J, Schild A, Neugebauer A, Lappa A, Fricke J, Fauser S, Rösler S, Pannes A, Zarrinnam D, Altmüller J, Motameny S, Nürnberg G, Nürnberg P, Hahnen E, Beck BB
PLoS One 2013;8(10):e76414. Epub 2013 Oct 4 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076414. PMID: 24124559Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Hove MN, Kilic-Biyik KZ, Trotter A, Grønskov K, Sander B, Larsen M, Carroll J, Bech-Hansen T, Rosenberg T
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016 Dec 1;57(15):6861-6869. doi: 10.1167/iovs.16-19445. PMID: 28002560Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Wyględowska-Promieńska D, Świerczyńska M, Śpiewak D, Pojda-Wilczek D, Tronina A, Dorecka M, Smędowski A
Int J Mol Sci 2024 Mar 2;25(5) doi: 10.3390/ijms25052928. PMID: 38474172Free PMC Article
Hove MN, Kilic-Biyik KZ, Trotter A, Grønskov K, Sander B, Larsen M, Carroll J, Bech-Hansen T, Rosenberg T
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016 Dec 1;57(15):6861-6869. doi: 10.1167/iovs.16-19445. PMID: 28002560Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Recent activity

Your browsing activity is empty.

Activity recording is turned off.

Turn recording back on

See more...