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Junctional epidermolysis bullosa gravis of Herlitz(JEB1B)

MedGen UID:
36328
Concept ID:
C0079683
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA JUNCTIONALIS, HERLITZ TYPE; Epidermolysis Bullosa Letalis; EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA, JUNCTIONAL 1B, SEVERE; Epidermolysis bullosa, junctional, Herlitz-Pearson type; Herlitz-Pearson type epidermolysis bullosa; Herlitz-type junctional epidermolysis bullosa; JEB-HERLITZ TYPE
SNOMED CT: Epidermolysis bullosa, junctional Herlitz-Pearson type (79855003); Epidermolysis bullosa hereditaria letalis (79855003); Junctional epidermolysis bullosa gravis of Herlitz (400140006); Epidermolysis bullosa letalis (400140006); Junctional epidermolysis bullosa, lethal type, Herlitz (400140006); Herlitz syndrome (400140006); Herlitz's disease (400140006)
Modes of inheritance:
Autosomal recessive inheritance
MedGen UID:
141025
Concept ID:
C0441748
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).
 
Genes (locations): LAMA3 (18q11.2); LAMB3 (1q32.2); LAMC2 (1q25.3)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0009182
OMIM®: 226700
Orphanet: ORPHA79404

Disease characteristics

Excerpted from the GeneReview: Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa
Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) is characterized by fragility of the skin and mucous membranes, manifest by blistering with little or no trauma. Blistering may be severe and granulation tissue can form on the skin around the oral and nasal cavities, fingers and toes, and internally around the upper airway. Blisters generally heal with no significant scarring. Broad classification of JEB includes JEB generalized severe and JEB generalized intermediate. In JEB generalized severe, blisters are present at birth or become apparent in the neonatal period. Congenital malformations of the urinary tract and bladder may also occur. In JEB generalized intermediate, the phenotype may be mild with blistering localized to hands, feet, knees, and elbows with or without renal or ureteral involvement. Some individuals never blister after the newborn period. Additional features shared by JEB and the other major forms of epidermolysis bullosa (EB) include congenital localized absence of skin (aplasia cutis congenita), milia, nail dystrophy, scarring alopecia, hypotrichosis, pseudosyndactyly, and other contractures. [from GeneReviews]
Authors:
Ellen G Pfendner  |  Anne W Lucky   view full author information

Additional descriptions

From OMIM
Severe junctional epidermolysis bullosa 1B (JEB1B) is an autosomal recessive skin blistering disorder characterized by extreme fragility of the skin and epithelia of various extracutaneous tissues. Blisters and erosions are present at birth. Blister formation occurs within the dermal-epidermal basement membrane zone. Patients usually die before 1 year of age (summary by Takizawa et al., 1998). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of the subtypes of JEB, see JEB1A (226650). Reviews Pulkkinen and Uitto (1999) reviewed the pathophysiology and phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of the various forms of epidermolysis bullosa.  http://www.omim.org/entry/226700
From MedlinePlus Genetics
The milder form of junctional epidermolysis bullosa is called JEB generalized intermediate. The blistering associated with JEB generalized intermediate may be limited to the hands, feet, knees, and elbows, and it often improves after the newborn period. Other characteristic features of this form of the condition include hair loss, abnormal fingernails and toenails, and irregular tooth enamel. Most affected individuals do not have extensive scarring or granulation tissue formation, so breathing difficulties and other severe complications are rare. JEB generalized intermediate is typically associated with a normal lifespan.

Other complications of JEB generalized severe can include fusion of the fingers and toes, abnormalities of the fingernails and toenails, joint deformities (contractures) that limit movement, hair loss (alopecia), and thinning of the protective outer layer (enamel) of the teeth. Because the signs and symptoms of JEB generalized severe are so serious, infants with this condition usually do not survive beyond the first year of life.

JEB generalized severe is the more serious form of the condition. From birth or early infancy, affected individuals have blistering over large regions of the body. Blistering also affects the mucous membranes, such as the moist lining of the mouth and digestive tract, which can make it difficult to eat and digest food. As a result, many affected children are undernourished and grow slowly. The extensive blistering leads to scarring and the formation of red, bumpy patches called granulation tissue. Granulation tissue bleeds easily and profusely, making affected infants susceptible to serious infections and loss of necessary proteins, minerals, and fluids. Additionally, a buildup of granulation tissue in the airway can lead to a weak, hoarse cry and difficulty breathing.

Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) is a major form of epidermolysis bullosa, a group of genetic conditions that cause the skin to be very fragile and to blister easily. Blisters and areas of skin loss (erosions) form in response to minor injury or friction, such as rubbing or scratching. Researchers classify junctional epidermolysis bullosa into two main types: JEB generalized severe (formerly known as Herlitz JEB) and JEB generalized intermediate (formerly known as non-Herlitz JEB). Although the types differ in severity, their features overlap significantly, and they can be caused by mutations in the same genes.  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/junctional-epidermolysis-bullosa

Clinical features

From HPO
Syndactyly
MedGen UID:
52619
Concept ID:
C0039075
Congenital Abnormality
Webbing or fusion of the fingers or toes, involving soft parts only or including bone structure. Bony fusions are referred to as "bony" syndactyly if the fusion occurs in a radio-ulnar axis. Fusions of bones of the fingers or toes in a proximo-distal axis are referred to as "symphalangism".
Failure to thrive
MedGen UID:
746019
Concept ID:
C2315100
Disease or Syndrome
Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm.
Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
MedGen UID:
196010
Concept ID:
C0700639
Congenital Abnormality
Pyloric stenosis, also known as infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, is an uncommon condition in infants characterized by abnormal thickening of the pylorus muscles in the stomach leading to gastric outlet obstruction. Clinically infants are well at birth. Then, at 3 to 6 weeks of age, the infants present with projectile vomiting, potentially leading to dehydration and weight loss.
Carious teeth
MedGen UID:
8288
Concept ID:
C0011334
Disease or Syndrome
Caries is a multifactorial bacterial infection affecting the structure of the tooth. This term has been used to describe the presence of more than expected dental caries.
Enamel hypoplasia
MedGen UID:
3730
Concept ID:
C0011351
Disease or Syndrome
Developmental hypoplasia of the dental enamel.
Atrophic scars
MedGen UID:
57875
Concept ID:
C0162154
Pathologic Function
Scars that form a depression compared to the level of the surrounding skin because of damage to the collagen, fat or other tissues below the skin.
Nail dystrophy
MedGen UID:
66368
Concept ID:
C0221260
Disease or Syndrome
Onychodystrophy (nail dystrophy) refers to nail changes apart from changes of the color (nail dyschromia) and involves partial or complete disruption of the various keratinous layers of the nail plate.
Milia
MedGen UID:
87528
Concept ID:
C0345996
Anatomical Abnormality
Presence of multiple small cysts containing keratin (skin protein) and presenting as tiny pearly-white bumps just under the surface of the skin.
Nail dysplasia
MedGen UID:
331737
Concept ID:
C1834405
Congenital Abnormality
The presence of developmental dysplasia of the nail.
Abnormal blistering of the skin
MedGen UID:
412159
Concept ID:
C2132198
Finding
The presence of one or more bullae on the skin, defined as fluid-filled blisters more than 5 mm in diameter with thin walls.
Congenital localized absence of skin
MedGen UID:
388677
Concept ID:
C2673597
Finding
Lamina lucida cleavage
MedGen UID:
867365
Concept ID:
C4021730
Finding
The formation of bullae (blisters) with cleavage in the lamina lucida layer of the skin.

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
Follow this link to review classifications for Junctional epidermolysis bullosa gravis of Herlitz in Orphanet.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Chen F, Wei R, Deng D, Zhang X, Cao Y, Pan C, Wang Y, Cao Q, Wang J, Zeng M, Huang L, Gu Y, Yao Z, Li M
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023 Feb;37(2):411-419. Epub 2022 Nov 5 doi: 10.1111/jdv.18692. PMID: 36287101
Krämer S, Lucas J, Gamboa F, Peñarrocha Diago M, Peñarrocha Oltra D, Guzmán-Letelier M, Paul S, Molina G, Sepúlveda L, Araya I, Soto R, Arriagada C, Lucky AW, Mellerio JE, Cornwall R, Alsayer F, Schilke R, Antal MA, Castrillón F, Paredes C, Serrano MC, Clark V
Spec Care Dentist 2020 Nov;40 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):3-81. doi: 10.1111/scd.12511. PMID: 33202040Free PMC Article
Yang CS, Kroshinksy D, Cummings BM
Am J Clin Dermatol 2014 Oct;15(5):445-50. doi: 10.1007/s40257-014-0091-7. PMID: 25117154

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Hon KL, Chu S, Leung AKC
Curr Pediatr Rev 2022;18(3):182-190. doi: 10.2174/1573396317666210525161252. PMID: 34036913
Hou PC, Wang HT, Abhee S, Tu WT, McGrath JA, Hsu CK
Am J Clin Dermatol 2021 Nov;22(6):801-817. Epub 2021 Jul 22 doi: 10.1007/s40257-021-00626-3. PMID: 34292508
Bardhan A, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Chapple ILC, Fine JD, Harper N, Has C, Magin TM, Marinkovich MP, Marshall JF, McGrath JA, Mellerio JE, Polson R, Heagerty AH
Nat Rev Dis Primers 2020 Sep 24;6(1):78. doi: 10.1038/s41572-020-0210-0. PMID: 32973163
Mariath LM, Santin JT, Schuler-Faccini L, Kiszewski AE
An Bras Dermatol 2020 Sep-Oct;95(5):551-569. Epub 2020 Jul 8 doi: 10.1016/j.abd.2020.05.001. PMID: 32732072Free PMC Article
Has C, He Y
Cell Tissue Res 2017 Jul;369(1):63-73. Epub 2017 Apr 22 doi: 10.1007/s00441-017-2623-y. PMID: 28432467

Diagnosis

Chen F, Wei R, Deng D, Zhang X, Cao Y, Pan C, Wang Y, Cao Q, Wang J, Zeng M, Huang L, Gu Y, Yao Z, Li M
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023 Feb;37(2):411-419. Epub 2022 Nov 5 doi: 10.1111/jdv.18692. PMID: 36287101
Hon KL, Chu S, Leung AKC
Curr Pediatr Rev 2022;18(3):182-190. doi: 10.2174/1573396317666210525161252. PMID: 34036913
Hou PC, Wang HT, Abhee S, Tu WT, McGrath JA, Hsu CK
Am J Clin Dermatol 2021 Nov;22(6):801-817. Epub 2021 Jul 22 doi: 10.1007/s40257-021-00626-3. PMID: 34292508
Bardhan A, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Chapple ILC, Fine JD, Harper N, Has C, Magin TM, Marinkovich MP, Marshall JF, McGrath JA, Mellerio JE, Polson R, Heagerty AH
Nat Rev Dis Primers 2020 Sep 24;6(1):78. doi: 10.1038/s41572-020-0210-0. PMID: 32973163
Mariath LM, Santin JT, Schuler-Faccini L, Kiszewski AE
An Bras Dermatol 2020 Sep-Oct;95(5):551-569. Epub 2020 Jul 8 doi: 10.1016/j.abd.2020.05.001. PMID: 32732072Free PMC Article

Therapy

Kern JS, Sprecher E, Fernandez MF, Schauer F, Bodemer C, Cunningham T, Löwe S, Davis C, Sumeray M, Bruckner AL, Murrell DF; EASE investigators
Br J Dermatol 2023 Jan 23;188(1):12-21. doi: 10.1093/bjd/ljac001. PMID: 36689495
Keith AR, Twaroski K, Ebens CL, Tolar J
Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020 Aug;20(8):911-923. Epub 2020 Mar 20 doi: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1740678. PMID: 32178539Free PMC Article
Marinkovich MP, Tang JY
J Invest Dermatol 2019 Jun;139(6):1221-1226. Epub 2019 May 5 doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.11.036. PMID: 31068252
Hofmann SC, Juratli HA, Eming R
J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2018 Nov;16(11):1339-1358. doi: 10.1111/ddg.13688. PMID: 30395395
Bauer JW, Laimer M
Expert Opin Biol Ther 2004 Sep;4(9):1435-43. doi: 10.1517/14712598.4.9.1435. PMID: 15335311

Prognosis

Hon KL, Chu S, Leung AKC
Curr Pediatr Rev 2022;18(3):182-190. doi: 10.2174/1573396317666210525161252. PMID: 34036913
Bardhan A, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Chapple ILC, Fine JD, Harper N, Has C, Magin TM, Marinkovich MP, Marshall JF, McGrath JA, Mellerio JE, Polson R, Heagerty AH
Nat Rev Dis Primers 2020 Sep 24;6(1):78. doi: 10.1038/s41572-020-0210-0. PMID: 32973163
Yang CS, Kroshinksy D, Cummings BM
Am J Clin Dermatol 2014 Oct;15(5):445-50. doi: 10.1007/s40257-014-0091-7. PMID: 25117154
Cohn HI, Murrell DF
Dermatol Clin 2010 Jan;28(1):89-92. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2009.10.010. PMID: 19945620
Mallipeddi R
Clin Exp Dermatol 2002 Nov;27(8):616-23. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2230.2002.01130.x. PMID: 12472531

Clinical prediction guides

Patzelt S, Schmidt E
Front Immunol 2023;14:1250115. Epub 2023 Aug 10 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250115. PMID: 37638011Free PMC Article
Yavuz Y, An I, Yazmaci B, Akkus Z, Ortac H
Medicina (Kaunas) 2023 Jun 21;59(7) doi: 10.3390/medicina59071185. PMID: 37511997Free PMC Article
Chen F, Wei R, Deng D, Zhang X, Cao Y, Pan C, Wang Y, Cao Q, Wang J, Zeng M, Huang L, Gu Y, Yao Z, Li M
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023 Feb;37(2):411-419. Epub 2022 Nov 5 doi: 10.1111/jdv.18692. PMID: 36287101
Hon KL, Chu S, Leung AKC
Curr Pediatr Rev 2022;18(3):182-190. doi: 10.2174/1573396317666210525161252. PMID: 34036913
Shinkuma S, McMillan JR, Shimizu H
Clin Dermatol 2011 Jul-Aug;29(4):412-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.01.010. PMID: 21679868

Recent systematic reviews

Tosto V, Herrero B, Illescas T, De la Calle Fernandez-Miranda M, Moreno-Sanz B, de Lucas R, Bartha JL, Antolin E
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2023 Nov;290:43-50. Epub 2023 Aug 24 doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.08.379. PMID: 37717401
Krämer S, Lucas J, Gamboa F, Peñarrocha Diago M, Peñarrocha Oltra D, Guzmán-Letelier M, Paul S, Molina G, Sepúlveda L, Araya I, Soto R, Arriagada C, Lucky AW, Mellerio JE, Cornwall R, Alsayer F, Schilke R, Antal MA, Castrillón F, Paredes C, Serrano MC, Clark V
Spec Care Dentist 2020 Nov;40 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):3-81. doi: 10.1111/scd.12511. PMID: 33202040Free PMC Article
Togo CCG, Zidorio APC, Gonçalves VSS, Hubbard L, de Carvalho KMB, Dutra ES
Qual Life Res 2020 Jul;29(7):1731-1745. Epub 2020 Apr 3 doi: 10.1007/s11136-020-02495-5. PMID: 32246433
Mylonas KS, Hayes M, Ko LN, Griggs CL, Kroshinsky D, Masiakos PT
J Pediatr Surg 2019 Jul;54(7):1351-1358. Epub 2018 May 29 doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.05.019. PMID: 29935895
Montaudié H, Chiaverini C, Sbidian E, Charlesworth A, Lacour JP
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2016 Aug 20;11(1):117. doi: 10.1186/s13023-016-0489-9. PMID: 27544590Free PMC Article

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