From HPO
Arthralgia- MedGen UID:
- 13917
- •Concept ID:
- C0003862
- •
- Sign or Symptom
Joint pain.
Clubfoot- MedGen UID:
- 3130
- •Concept ID:
- C0009081
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Clubfoot is a congenital limb deformity defined as fixation of the foot in cavus, adductus, varus, and equinus (i.e., inclined inwards, axially rotated outwards, and pointing downwards) with concomitant soft tissue abnormalities (Cardy et al., 2007). Clubfoot may occur in isolation or as part of a syndrome (e.g., diastrophic dysplasia, 222600). Clubfoot has been reported with deficiency of long bones and mirror-image polydactyly (Gurnett et al., 2008; Klopocki et al., 2012).
Pes planus- MedGen UID:
- 42034
- •Concept ID:
- C0016202
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
A foot where the longitudinal arch of the foot is in contact with the ground or floor when the individual is standing; or, in a patient lying supine, a foot where the arch is in contact with the surface of a flat board pressed against the sole of the foot by the examiner with a pressure similar to that expected from weight bearing; or, the height of the arch is reduced.
Cubitus valgus- MedGen UID:
- 490152
- •Concept ID:
- C0158465
- •
- Acquired Abnormality
Abnormal positioning in which the elbows are turned out.
Knee dislocation- MedGen UID:
- 102364
- •Concept ID:
- C0159970
- •
- Injury or Poisoning
Slippage of the FEMUR off the TIBIA.
Brachydactyly- MedGen UID:
- 67454
- •Concept ID:
- C0221357
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Digits that appear disproportionately short compared to the hand/foot. The word brachydactyly is used here to describe a series distinct patterns of shortened digits (brachydactyly types A-E). This is the sense used here.
Dislocated radial head- MedGen UID:
- 488814
- •Concept ID:
- C0265563
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
A dislocation of the head of the radius from its socket in the elbow joint.
Genu recurvatum- MedGen UID:
- 107486
- •Concept ID:
- C0546964
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
An abnormally increased extension of the knee joint, so that the knee can bend backwards.
Genu valgum- MedGen UID:
- 154364
- •Concept ID:
- C0576093
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
The legs angle inward, such that the knees are close together and the ankles far apart.
Short phalanx of finger- MedGen UID:
- 163753
- •Concept ID:
- C0877165
- •
- Finding
Short (hypoplastic) phalanx of finger, affecting one or more phalanges.
Multiple carpal ossification centers- MedGen UID:
- 320638
- •Concept ID:
- C1835573
- •
- Finding
A delay in the process of formation and maturation of the epiphysis of one or more long bones.
Tibial bowing- MedGen UID:
- 332360
- •Concept ID:
- C1837081
- •
- Finding
A bending or abnormal curvature of the tibia.
Short metacarpal- MedGen UID:
- 323064
- •Concept ID:
- C1837084
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
Diminished length of one or more metacarpal bones in relation to the others of the same hand or to the contralateral metacarpal.
Short distal phalanx of finger- MedGen UID:
- 326590
- •Concept ID:
- C1839829
- •
- Finding
Short distance from the end of the finger to the most distal interphalangeal crease or the distal interphalangeal joint flexion point. That is, hypoplasia of one or more of the distal phalanx of finger.
Hypoplasia of the ulna- MedGen UID:
- 395934
- •Concept ID:
- C1860614
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Underdevelopment of the ulna.
Bilateral single transverse palmar creases- MedGen UID:
- 354661
- •Concept ID:
- C1862095
- •
- Finding
The distal and proximal transverse palmar creases are merged into a single transverse palmar crease on both hands.
Ulnar bowing- MedGen UID:
- 356099
- •Concept ID:
- C1865847
- •
- Finding
Bending of the diaphysis (shaft) of the ulna.
Rhizomelia- MedGen UID:
- 357122
- •Concept ID:
- C1866730
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Disproportionate shortening of the proximal segment of limbs (i.e. the femur and humerus).
Deviation of the 5th finger- MedGen UID:
- 867157
- •Concept ID:
- C4021515
- •
- Finding
Displacement of the 5th finger from its normal position.
Fixed elbow flexion- MedGen UID:
- 870595
- •Concept ID:
- C4025044
- •
- Finding
Aortic regurgitation- MedGen UID:
- 8153
- •Concept ID:
- C0003504
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
An insufficiency of the aortic valve, leading to regurgitation (backward flow) of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle.
Aortic valve stenosis- MedGen UID:
- 1621
- •Concept ID:
- C0003507
- •
- Pathologic Function
The presence of a stenosis (narrowing) of the aortic valve.
Ventricular septal defect- MedGen UID:
- 42366
- •Concept ID:
- C0018818
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
A hole between the two bottom chambers (ventricles) of the heart. The defect is centered around the most superior aspect of the ventricular septum.
Mitral regurgitation- MedGen UID:
- 7670
- •Concept ID:
- C0026266
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
An abnormality of the mitral valve characterized by insufficiency or incompetence of the mitral valve resulting in retrograde leaking of blood through the mitral valve upon ventricular contraction.
Mitral stenosis- MedGen UID:
- 44466
- •Concept ID:
- C0026269
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
An abnormal narrowing of the orifice of the mitral valve.
Tricuspid regurgitation- MedGen UID:
- 11911
- •Concept ID:
- C0040961
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Failure of the tricuspid valve to close sufficiently upon contraction of the right ventricle, causing blood to regurgitate (flow backward) into the right atrium.
Tricuspid stenosis- MedGen UID:
- 21678
- •Concept ID:
- C0040963
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A narrowing of the orifice of the tricuspid valve of the heart.
Ventricular hypertrophy- MedGen UID:
- 87400
- •Concept ID:
- C0340279
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Enlargement of the cardiac ventricular muscle tissue with increase in the width of the wall of the ventricle and loss of elasticity. Ventricular hypertrophy is clinically differentiated into left and right ventricular hypertrophy.
Pulmonic stenosis- MedGen UID:
- 408291
- •Concept ID:
- C1956257
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A narrowing of the right ventricular outflow tract that can occur at the pulmonary valve (valvular stenosis), below the pulmonary valve (infundibular stenosis), or above the pulmonary valve (supravalvar stenosis).
Pulmonary arterial hypertension- MedGen UID:
- 425404
- •Concept ID:
- C2973725
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Pulmonary hypertension is defined mean pulmonary artery pressure of 25mmHg or more and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 15mmHg or less when measured by right heart catheterisation at rest and in a supine position.
Short stature- MedGen UID:
- 87607
- •Concept ID:
- C0349588
- •
- Finding
A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).
Microtia- MedGen UID:
- 57535
- •Concept ID:
- C0152423
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Underdevelopment of the external ear.
Hearing impairment- MedGen UID:
- 235586
- •Concept ID:
- C1384666
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound.
Waddling gait- MedGen UID:
- 66667
- •Concept ID:
- C0231712
- •
- Finding
Weakness of the hip girdle and upper thigh muscles, for instance in myopathies, leads to an instability of the pelvis on standing and walking. If the muscles extending the hip joint are affected, the posture in that joint becomes flexed and lumbar lordosis increases. The patients usually have difficulties standing up from a sitting position. Due to weakness in the gluteus medius muscle, the hip on the side of the swinging leg drops with each step (referred to as Trendelenburg sign). The gait appears waddling. The patients frequently attempt to counteract the dropping of the hip on the swinging side by bending the trunk towards the side which is in the stance phase (in the German language literature this is referred to as Duchenne sign). Similar gait patterns can be caused by orthopedic conditions when the origin and the insertion site of the gluteus medius muscle are closer to each other than normal, for instance due to a posttraumatic elevation of the trochanter or pseudarthrosis of the femoral neck.
Delayed gross motor development- MedGen UID:
- 332508
- •Concept ID:
- C1837658
- •
- Finding
A type of motor delay characterized by a delay in acquiring the ability to control the large muscles of the body for walking, running, sitting, and crawling.
Intellectual disability- MedGen UID:
- 811461
- •Concept ID:
- C3714756
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Joint dislocation- MedGen UID:
- 41614
- •Concept ID:
- C0012691
- •
- Injury or Poisoning
Displacement or malalignment of joints.
Arthropathy- MedGen UID:
- 7190
- •Concept ID:
- C0022408
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Any disorder of the joints.
Kyphosis- MedGen UID:
- 44042
- •Concept ID:
- C0022821
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
Exaggerated anterior convexity of the thoracic vertebral column.
Scoliosis- MedGen UID:
- 11348
- •Concept ID:
- C0036439
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
Shoulder dislocation- MedGen UID:
- 48655
- •Concept ID:
- C0037005
- •
- Injury or Poisoning
A displacement or misalignment of the humerus with respect to the other bones of the should joint. Note that a subluxation is a partial dislocation.
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia- MedGen UID:
- 20916
- •Concept ID:
- C0038015
- •
- Finding
A disorder of bone growth affecting the vertebrae and the ends of the long bones (epiphyses).
Intervertebral space narrowing- MedGen UID:
- 78101
- •Concept ID:
- C0263870
- •
- Finding
Decreased height of the intervertebral disk.
Barrel-shaped chest- MedGen UID:
- 120497
- •Concept ID:
- C0264172
- •
- Finding
A rounded, bulging chest that resembles the shape of a barrel. That is, there is an increased anteroposterior diameter and usually some degree of kyphosis.
Flexion contracture- MedGen UID:
- 83069
- •Concept ID:
- C0333068
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
A flexion contracture is a bent (flexed) joint that cannot be straightened actively or passively. It is thus a chronic loss of joint motion due to structural changes in muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin that prevents normal movement of joints.
Camptodactyly of finger- MedGen UID:
- 98041
- •Concept ID:
- C0409348
- •
- Finding
The distal interphalangeal joint and/or the proximal interphalangeal joint of the fingers cannot be extended to 180 degrees by either active or passive extension.
Delayed skeletal maturation- MedGen UID:
- 108148
- •Concept ID:
- C0541764
- •
- Finding
A decreased rate of skeletal maturation. Delayed skeletal maturation can be diagnosed on the basis of an estimation of the bone age from radiographs of specific bones in the human body.
Kyphoscoliosis- MedGen UID:
- 154361
- •Concept ID:
- C0575158
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
An abnormal curvature of the spine in both a coronal (lateral) and sagittal (back-to-front) plane.
Lumbar hyperlordosis- MedGen UID:
- 263149
- •Concept ID:
- C1184923
- •
- Finding
An abnormal accentuation of the inward curvature of the spine in the lumbar region.
Narrow vertebral interpedicular distance- MedGen UID:
- 318662
- •Concept ID:
- C1832598
- •
- Finding
A reduction of the distance between vertebral pedicles, which are the two short, thick processes, which project backward, one on either side, from the upper part of the vertebral body, at the junction of its posterior and lateral surfaces.
Generalized bone demineralization- MedGen UID:
- 371539
- •Concept ID:
- C1833326
- •
- Finding
A generalized decrease in bone mineral density.
Shield chest- MedGen UID:
- 322348
- •Concept ID:
- C1834124
- •
- Finding
A broad chest.
Coronal cleft vertebrae- MedGen UID:
- 320483
- •Concept ID:
- C1834954
- •
- Finding
Frontal schisis (cleft or cleavage) of vertebral bodies.
Short femoral neck- MedGen UID:
- 373033
- •Concept ID:
- C1836184
- •
- Finding
An abnormally short femoral neck (which is the process of bone, connecting the femoral head with the femoral shaft).
Decreased hip abduction- MedGen UID:
- 332244
- •Concept ID:
- C1836589
- •
- Finding
Reduced ability to move the femur outward to the side.
Hypoplasia of the capital femoral epiphysis- MedGen UID:
- 374176
- •Concept ID:
- C1839254
- •
- Finding
Underdevelopment of the proximal epiphysis of the femur.
Irregular vertebral endplates- MedGen UID:
- 331233
- •Concept ID:
- C1842153
- •
- Finding
An irregular surface of the vertebral end plates, which are normally relatively smooth.
Small epiphyses- MedGen UID:
- 339612
- •Concept ID:
- C1846803
- •
- Finding
Reduction in the size or volume of epiphyses.
Flattened epiphysis- MedGen UID:
- 387844
- •Concept ID:
- C1857527
- •
- Finding
Abnormal flatness (decreased height) of epiphyses.
Elbow dislocation- MedGen UID:
- 404765
- •Concept ID:
- C2720437
- •
- Injury or Poisoning
Dislocation of the distal humerus out of the elbow joint, where the radius, ulna, and humerus meet.
Limited hip extension- MedGen UID:
- 766282
- •Concept ID:
- C3553368
- •
- Finding
Limitation of the extension of the hip, i.e., decreased ability to straighten the hip joint and thereby increase the angle between torso and thigh; moving the thigh or top of the pelvis backward.
Diminished sulfotransferase activity in cultured fibroblasts- MedGen UID:
- 1054243
- •Concept ID:
- CN378322
- •
- Finding
Rate of proteoglycan sulfation (sulfotransferase activity) is below the lower limit of normal in cultured fibroblasts.
Delayed eruption of teeth- MedGen UID:
- 68678
- •Concept ID:
- C0239174
- •
- Finding
Delayed tooth eruption, which can be defined as tooth eruption more than 2 SD beyond the mean eruption age.
Microdontia- MedGen UID:
- 66008
- •Concept ID:
- C0240340
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Decreased size of the teeth, which can be defined as a mesiodistal tooth diameter (width) more than 2 SD below mean. Alternatively, an apparently decreased maximum width of tooth.
High palate- MedGen UID:
- 66814
- •Concept ID:
- C0240635
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
Height of the palate more than 2 SD above the mean (objective) or palatal height at the level of the first permanent molar more than twice the height of the teeth (subjective).
Short neck- MedGen UID:
- 99267
- •Concept ID:
- C0521525
- •
- Finding
Diminished length of the neck.
Sparse eyebrow- MedGen UID:
- 371332
- •Concept ID:
- C1832446
- •
- Finding
Decreased density/number of eyebrow hairs.
Widely spaced teeth- MedGen UID:
- 337093
- •Concept ID:
- C1844813
- •
- Finding
Increased spaces (diastemata) between most of the teeth in the same dental arch.
Broad forehead- MedGen UID:
- 338610
- •Concept ID:
- C1849089
- •
- Finding
Width of the forehead or distance between the frontotemporales is more than two standard deviations above the mean (objective); or apparently increased distance between the two sides of the forehead.
Long philtrum- MedGen UID:
- 351278
- •Concept ID:
- C1865014
- •
- Finding
Distance between nasal base and midline upper lip vermilion border more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased distance between nasal base and midline upper lip vermilion border.
Highly arched eyebrow- MedGen UID:
- 358357
- •Concept ID:
- C1868571
- •
- Finding
Increased height of the central portion of the eyebrow, forming a crescent, semicircular, or inverted U shape.
Breech presentation- MedGen UID:
- 654
- •Concept ID:
- C0006157
- •
- Pathologic Function
A position of the fetus at delivery in which the fetus enters the birth canal with the buttocks or feet first.
Wide intermamillary distance- MedGen UID:
- 473489
- •Concept ID:
- C1827524
- •
- Finding
A larger than usual distance between the left and right nipple.
Hypertelorism- MedGen UID:
- 9373
- •Concept ID:
- C0020534
- •
- Finding
Although hypertelorism means an excessive distance between any paired organs (e.g., the nipples), the use of the word has come to be confined to ocular hypertelorism. Hypertelorism occurs as an isolated feature and is also a feature of many syndromes, e.g., Opitz G syndrome (see 300000), Greig cephalopolysyndactyly (175700), and Noonan syndrome (163950) (summary by Cohen et al., 1995).
- Abnormality of head or neck
- Abnormality of limbs
- Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis
- Abnormality of prenatal development or birth
- Abnormality of the breast
- Abnormality of the cardiovascular system
- Abnormality of the eye
- Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system
- Abnormality of the nervous system
- Constitutional symptom
- Ear malformation
- Growth abnormality