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Metastasis

MedGen UID:: 45032
•Concept ID:: C0027627
•: Neoplastic Process

Synonyms:

Metastase; Metastases; Metastases, Neoplasm; Metastasis, Neoplasm; Neoplasm Metastases; Neoplasm Metastasis

Definition

The spread or migration of cancer cells from one part of the body (the organ in which it first appeared) to another. The secondary tumor contains cells that are like those in the original (primary) tumor. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

GTR
MeSH

CClinical test, RResearch test, OOMIM, GGeneReviews, VClinVar

CROGVMetastasis

Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms
- Pathological process
  - Disease Attributes
    - Course of illness
      - Tumor Progression
        Cancer Progression
        Metastasis
        Direct Extension
        Intracranial Extension
        Distant Metastasis
        Extranodal Involvement
        In-Transit Metastasis
        Cutaneous Melanoma In-Transit Metastasis
        Intravascular Metastasis
        Lymphatic Metastasis
        Macrometastasis
        Malignant tumor of unknown origin
        Cancer of unknown primary site
        Adenocarcinoma of Unknown Primary
        Advanced Carcinoma Of Unknown Primary
        Head and Neck Carcinoma of Unknown Primary
        Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Unknown Primary
        Recurrent Carcinoma of Unknown Primary
        Resectable Carcinoma of Unknown Primary
        Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Unknown Primary
        Undifferentiated Carcinoma of Unknown Primary
        Melanoma of Unknown Primary
        Unknown Primary Tumor (Except for EBV-Related and HPV-Related Tumors) and Metastatic Cervical Adenopathy by AJCC v8 Stage
        Stage III Unknown Primary Tumor (Except for EBV-Related and HPV-Related Tumors) and Metastatic Cervical Adenopathy AJCC v8
        Stage IVA Unknown Primary Tumor (Except for EBV-Related and HPV-Related Tumors) and Metastatic Cervical Adenopathy AJCC v8
        Stage IVB Unknown Primary Tumor (Except for EBV-Related and HPV-Related Tumors) and Metastatic Cervical Adenopathy AJCC v8
        Stage IVC Unknown Primary Tumor (Except for EBV-Related and HPV-Related Tumors) and Metastatic Cervical Adenopathy AJCC v8
        Micrometastasis
        Macrometastasis Greater than 2.0 mm
        Micrometastasis 0.2 mm to 2.0 mm
        Multiple Metastases
        Neoplasm Seeding
        Oligometastasis
        Satellite Tumor
        Single Metastasis
        Skip Metastasis
        Spread of Lymphoma

Professional guidelines

PubMed

The adult with low back pain: causes, diagnosis, imaging features and management.

Kabeer AS, Osmani HT, Patel J, Robinson P, Ahmed N
Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2023 Oct 2;84(10):1-9. Epub 2023 Oct 25 doi: 10.12968/hmed.2023.0063. PMID: 37906065

Current state of melanoma diagnosis and treatment.

Davis LE, Shalin SC, Tackett AJ
Cancer Biol Ther 2019;20(11):1366-1379. Epub 2019 Aug 1 doi: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1640032. PMID: 31366280 Free PMC Article

Bone Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment Principles.

Ferguson JL, Turner SP
Am Fam Physician 2018 Aug 15;98(4):205-213. PMID: 30215968

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Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Management of cancer pain due to bone metastasis.

Takei D, Tagami K
J Bone Miner Metab 2023 May;41(3):327-336. Epub 2022 Nov 23 doi: 10.1007/s00774-022-01382-y. PMID: 36418587

Current Overview of Treatment for Metastatic Bone Disease.

Tsukamoto S, Kido A, Tanaka Y, Facchini G, Peta G, Rossi G, Mavrogenis AF
Curr Oncol 2021 Aug 29;28(5):3347-3372. doi: 10.3390/curroncol28050290. PMID: 34590591 Free PMC Article

Endothelial Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment.

Sobierajska K, Ciszewski WM, Sacewicz-Hofman I, Niewiarowska J
Adv Exp Med Biol 2020;1234:71-86. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-37184-5_6. PMID: 32040856

Editorial: Therapy-induced metastasis.

Martin OA, Anderson RL
Clin Exp Metastasis 2018 Apr;35(4):219-221. Epub 2018 Jul 3 doi: 10.1007/s10585-018-9914-x. PMID: 29971590

Targeting metastasis.

Steeg PS
Nat Rev Cancer 2016 Apr;16(4):201-18. doi: 10.1038/nrc.2016.25. PMID: 27009393 Free PMC Article

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Diagnosis

Mechanisms of esophageal cancer metastasis and treatment progress.

Wang Y, Yang W, Wang Q, Zhou Y
Front Immunol 2023;14:1206504. Epub 2023 Jun 8 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1206504. PMID: 37359527 Free PMC Article

Management of cancer pain due to bone metastasis.

Takei D, Tagami K
J Bone Miner Metab 2023 May;41(3):327-336. Epub 2022 Nov 23 doi: 10.1007/s00774-022-01382-y. PMID: 36418587

Breast Cancer Metastasis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.

Park M, Kim D, Ko S, Kim A, Mo K, Yoon H
Int J Mol Sci 2022 Jun 18;23(12) doi: 10.3390/ijms23126806. PMID: 35743249 Free PMC Article

Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Tumor Metastasis.

Mittal V
Annu Rev Pathol 2018 Jan 24;13:395-412. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-020117-043854. PMID: 29414248

Breast cancer metastasis: markers and models.

Weigelt B, Peterse JL, van 't Veer LJ
Nat Rev Cancer 2005 Aug;5(8):591-602. doi: 10.1038/nrc1670. PMID: 16056258

See all (109383)

Therapy

Metastatic uveal melanoma: The final frontier.

Rantala ES, Hernberg MM, Piperno-Neumann S, Grossniklaus HE, Kivelä TT
Prog Retin Eye Res 2022 Sep;90:101041. Epub 2022 Jan 6 doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101041. PMID: 34999237

Metastasis-Directed Therapy in Prostate Cancer. Why, When, and How?

Phillips RM, Deek MP, Deweese TL, Tran PT
Oncology (Williston Park) 2019 Oct 28;33(10) PMID: 31661149

Prevention of carcinogenesis and metastasis by Artemisinin-type drugs.

Abba ML, Patil N, Leupold JH, Saeed MEM, Efferth T, Allgayer H
Cancer Lett 2018 Aug 10;429:11-18. Epub 2018 May 8 doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.05.008. PMID: 29746932

Intralesional immunotherapy for melanoma.

Hersey P, Gallagher S
J Surg Oncol 2014 Mar;109(4):320-6. Epub 2013 Dec 3 doi: 10.1002/jso.23494. PMID: 24301265

Treatment of patients with metastatic urothelial cancer "unfit" for Cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

Galsky MD, Hahn NM, Rosenberg J, Sonpavde G, Hutson T, Oh WK, Dreicer R, Vogelzang N, Sternberg CN, Bajorin DF, Bellmunt J
J Clin Oncol 2011 Jun 10;29(17):2432-8. Epub 2011 May 9 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2011.34.8433. PMID: 21555688

See all (75297)

Prognosis

Extent of Surgery and the Prognosis of Unilateral Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma.

Zhao H, Cui L
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021;12:655608. Epub 2021 Jun 16 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.655608. PMID: 34220708 Free PMC Article

Lymphadenectomy in metastasectomy.

Dominguez-Ventura A, Nichols FC 3rd
Thorac Surg Clin 2006 May;16(2):139-43. doi: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2005.12.001. PMID: 16805203

Racial differences in lung cancer.

Gadgeel SM, Kalemkerian GP
Cancer Metastasis Rev 2003 Mar;22(1):39-46. doi: 10.1023/a:1022207917249. PMID: 12716035

Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized study comparing breast-conserving surgery with radical mastectomy for early breast cancer.

Veronesi U, Cascinelli N, Mariani L, Greco M, Saccozzi R, Luini A, Aguilar M, Marubini E
N Engl J Med 2002 Oct 17;347(16):1227-32. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa020989. PMID: 12393819

Esophageal cancer.

Flood WA, Forastiere AA
Cancer Treat Res 1998;98:1-40. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4977-2_1. PMID: 10326663

See all (143319)

Clinical prediction guides

Prognostic scores for brain metastasis patients: use in clinical practice and trial design.

Venur VA, Ahluwalia MS
Chin Clin Oncol 2015 Jun;4(2):18. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3865.2015.06.01. PMID: 26112804

Circulating tumour cells, their role in metastasis and their clinical utility in lung cancer.

O'Flaherty JD, Gray S, Richard D, Fennell D, O'Leary JJ, Blackhall FH, O'Byrne KJ
Lung Cancer 2012 Apr;76(1):19-25. Epub 2011 Dec 29 doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2011.10.018. PMID: 22209049

The American Joint Committee on Cancer: the 7th edition of the AJCC cancer staging manual and the future of TNM.

Edge SB, Compton CC
Ann Surg Oncol 2010 Jun;17(6):1471-4. doi: 10.1245/s10434-010-0985-4. PMID: 20180029

Predictors of axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer: a systematic review.

Patani NR, Dwek MV, Douek M
Eur J Surg Oncol 2007 May;33(4):409-19. Epub 2006 Nov 22 doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2006.09.003. PMID: 17125963

Tissue factor and tumor: clinical and laboratory aspects.

Förster Y, Meye A, Albrecht S, Schwenzer B
Clin Chim Acta 2006 Feb;364(1-2):12-21. Epub 2005 Sep 2 doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2005.05.018. PMID: 16139825

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Recent systematic reviews

Efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided radiofrequency, microwave and laser ablation for the treatment of T1N0M0 papillary thyroid carcinoma on a large scale: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Gao X, Yang Y, Wang Y, Huang Y
Int J Hyperthermia 2023 Dec;40(1):2244713. doi: 10.1080/02656736.2023.2244713. PMID: 37604507

Risk and Prognostic Factors for BRAF(V600E) Mutations in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Wei X, Wang X, Xiong J, Li C, Liao Y, Zhu Y, Mao J
Biomed Res Int 2022;2022:9959649. Epub 2022 May 18 doi: 10.1155/2022/9959649. PMID: 35647194 Free PMC Article

Radiomics can differentiate high-grade glioma from brain metastasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Li Y, Liu Y, Liang Y, Wei R, Zhang W, Yao W, Luo S, Pang X, Wang Y, Jiang X, Lai S, Yang R
Eur Radiol 2022 Nov;32(11):8039-8051. Epub 2022 May 19 doi: 10.1007/s00330-022-08828-x. PMID: 35587827

Risk Factors for Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Mao J, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Zheng K, Wang R, Wang G
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020;11:265. Epub 2020 May 15 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00265. PMID: 32477264 Free PMC Article

Defining oligometastatic disease from a radiation oncology perspective: An ESTRO-ASTRO consensus document.

Lievens Y, Guckenberger M, Gomez D, Hoyer M, Iyengar P, Kindts I, Méndez Romero A, Nevens D, Palma D, Park C, Ricardi U, Scorsetti M, Yu J, Woodward WA
Radiother Oncol 2020 Jul;148:157-166. Epub 2020 Apr 22 doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2020.04.003. PMID: 32388150

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