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Pigment incontinence

MedGen UID:
482145
•Concept ID:
C3280515
•
Finding
Synonym: Pigmentary incontinence in the papillary dermis
 
HPO: HP:0034572

Definition

A process in which melanosomes (melanin granules) are deposited in the dermis. The dermal melanosomes are observed to be mainly in macrophages. This phenomenon of pigmentary incontinence usually follows an inflammatory process with the basic feature of basal cell damage, such as in lichen planus, lupus erythematosus, Riehl's melanosis, incontinentia pigmenti (Bloch-Sulzberger), and fixed drug eruption. Incontinence of pigment, or dropping off of epidermal melanin into the dermis, frequently produces a clinically recognizable and characteristic slate-gray pigmentation. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVPigment incontinence

Conditions with this feature

Inflammatory poikiloderma with hair abnormalities and acral keratoses
MedGen UID:
1824066
•Concept ID:
C5774293
•
Disease or Syndrome
Inflammatory poikiloderma with hair abnormalities and acral keratoses (IPHAK) is characterized by mottled hyper- and hypopigmentation of the skin as well as sparse scalp hair and eyelashes, sparse or absent eyebrows, and palmoplantar keratoses (Han et al., 2022).
See: Condition Record
Inflammatory poikiloderma with hair abnormalities and acral keratoses

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of trichloroacetic acid 70% after microneedling vs intradermal injection of 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of nonsegmental vitiligo; A prospective comparative study.
Khater M, Nasr M, Salah S, Khattab FM
Dermatol Ther 2020 Jul;33(4):e13532. Epub 2020 May 22 doi: 10.1111/dth.13532. PMID: 32379374
In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy for evaluating melanoma of the lip and its differential diagnoses.
Maher NG, Solinas A, Scolyer RA, Guitera P
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2017 Jan;123(1):84-94. Epub 2016 Aug 24 doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2016.08.011. PMID: 27720652

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Histopathological risk factors for malignancy in dermatomyositis.
Pruessmann W, Kleinheinz A, Zillikens D, Rose C
Histopathology 2022 Oct;81(4):529-535. Epub 2022 Aug 4 doi: 10.1111/his.14727. PMID: 35876260
Actinic Keratosis Color and Its Associations: A Retrospective Photographic, Dermoscopic, and Histologic Evaluation.
Labadie JG, Compres E, Sunshine JC, Alam M, Gerami P, Harikumar V, Poon E, Arndt KA, Dover JS
Dermatol Surg 2022 Jan 1;48(1):57-60. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000003281. PMID: 34812188
The many masks of cutaneous Lyme disease.
Miraflor AP, Seidel GD, Perry AE, Castanedo-Tardan MP, Guill MA, Yan S
J Cutan Pathol 2016 Jan;43(1):32-40. Epub 2015 Oct 12 doi: 10.1111/cup.12620. PMID: 26347360
Linear porokeratosis.
Malhotra SK, Puri KJ, Goyal T, Chahal KS
Dermatol Online J 2007 Oct 13;13(4):15. PMID: 18319012
Pigmenting pityriasis alba.
du Toit MJ, Jordaan HF
Pediatr Dermatol 1993 Mar;10(1):1-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.1993.tb00001.x. PMID: 8493158

Diagnosis

Erythema Ab Igne: A Clinical Review.
Harview CL, Krenitsky A
Cutis 2023 Apr;111(4):E33-E38. doi: 10.12788/cutis.0771. PMID: 37289686
An intertriginous hyperpigmented macular eruption.
Harnett C, Meah N, Low SE, Eustace K
Clin Exp Dermatol 2022 Dec;47(12):2327-2329. Epub 2022 Oct 14 doi: 10.1111/ced.15363. PMID: 36239333
Optimizing Q-switched lasers for melasma and acquired dermal melanoses.
Aurangabadkar SJ
Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2019 Jan-Feb;85(1):10-17. doi: 10.4103/ijdvl.IJDVL_1086_16. PMID: 30027914
Linear porokeratosis.
Malhotra SK, Puri KJ, Goyal T, Chahal KS
Dermatol Online J 2007 Oct 13;13(4):15. PMID: 18319012
Collagen diseases.
Golitz LE
J Cutan Pathol 1985 Jun-Aug;12(3-4):358-65. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.1985.tb01639.x. PMID: 4019871

Therapy

Talimogene laherparepvec pseudolymphomatous reaction mimicking metastatic melanoma.
Henning A, Agnese D, Chung CG
J Cutan Pathol 2021 Nov;48(11):1423-1426. Epub 2021 Jul 8 doi: 10.1111/cup.14094. PMID: 34189749
Optimizing Q-switched lasers for melasma and acquired dermal melanoses.
Aurangabadkar SJ
Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2019 Jan-Feb;85(1):10-17. doi: 10.4103/ijdvl.IJDVL_1086_16. PMID: 30027914
Zoledronic Acid-Induced Interface Dermatitis.
Succaria F, Collier M, Mahalingam M
Am J Dermatopathol 2015 Dec;37(12):933-5. doi: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000000341. PMID: 26588338Free PMC Article
Pigmenting pityriasis alba.
du Toit MJ, Jordaan HF
Pediatr Dermatol 1993 Mar;10(1):1-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.1993.tb00001.x. PMID: 8493158
Riehl's melanosis.
rorsman H
Int J Dermatol 1982 Mar;21(2):75-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1982.tb00500.x. PMID: 7068304

Prognosis

Erythema Ab Igne: A Clinical Review.
Harview CL, Krenitsky A
Cutis 2023 Apr;111(4):E33-E38. doi: 10.12788/cutis.0771. PMID: 37289686
A study of dermal melanophages in childhood nevi. Reassessing so-called "pigment incontinence".
Cramer SF, Salgado CM, Reyes-Múgica M
J Cutan Pathol 2020 Sep;47(9):809-814. Epub 2020 Jul 5 doi: 10.1111/cup.13718. PMID: 32314421
Hyperpigmented Mycosis Fungoides - A Rare Entity.
Balić A, Jerković Gulin S, Čeović R, Ilić I, Radoš J
Acta Dermatovenerol Croat 2019 Jun;27(2):131-132. PMID: 31351512
Clinical, etiologic, and histopathologic features of Stevens-Johnson syndrome during an 8-year period at Mayo Clinic.
Wetter DA, Camilleri MJ
Mayo Clin Proc 2010 Feb;85(2):131-8. doi: 10.4065/mcp.2009.0379. PMID: 20118388Free PMC Article
Pigmenting pityriasis alba.
du Toit MJ, Jordaan HF
Pediatr Dermatol 1993 Mar;10(1):1-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.1993.tb00001.x. PMID: 8493158

Clinical prediction guides

A study of dermal melanophages in childhood nevi. Reassessing so-called "pigment incontinence".
Cramer SF, Salgado CM, Reyes-Múgica M
J Cutan Pathol 2020 Sep;47(9):809-814. Epub 2020 Jul 5 doi: 10.1111/cup.13718. PMID: 32314421
Clinical and pathological characterization of oral mucosal 'lichen planus-like lesions' in patients with pemphigus vulgaris: An observational study.
De D, Arora AK, Handa S, Chatterjee D, Saikia UN, Radotra BD, Kishore K, Khullar G
Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2020 May-Jun;86(3):278-283. doi: 10.4103/ijdvl.IJDVL_129_18. PMID: 31031312
Clinical and histological aspect of erythema dyschromicum perstans in Korea: A review of 68 cases.
Chang SE, Kim HW, Shin JM, Lee JH, Na JI, Roh MR, Lee JH, Lee GY, Ko JY
J Dermatol 2015 Nov;42(11):1053-7. Epub 2015 Jun 29 doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.13002. PMID: 26118942
Acute diffuse and total alopecia: A new subtype of alopecia areata with a favorable prognosis.
Lew BL, Shin MK, Sim WY
J Am Acad Dermatol 2009 Jan;60(1):85-93. Epub 2008 Nov 6 doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.08.045. PMID: 18992964
Riehl's melanosis.
rorsman H
Int J Dermatol 1982 Mar;21(2):75-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1982.tb00500.x. PMID: 7068304

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