U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Wheal

MedGen UID:
65134
Concept ID:
C0221232
Sign or Symptom
Synonyms: Hive; Weal; Welt
SNOMED CT: Wheal (247472004); Welt (247472004); Weal (247472004)

Definition

A smooth, slightly elevated area on the body surface, which is redder or paler than the surrounding skin. It is the typical lesion of urticaria, the dermal evidence of allergy, and in sensitive persons may be provoked by mechanical irritation of the skin. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVWheal

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Marzano AV, Maronese CA, Genovese G, Ferrucci S, Moltrasio C, Asero R, Cugno M
J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022 Apr;149(4):1137-1149. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.02.007. PMID: 35396080
Zuberbier T, Abdul Latiff AH, Abuzakouk M, Aquilina S, Asero R, Baker D, Ballmer-Weber B, Bangert C, Ben-Shoshan M, Bernstein JA, Bindslev-Jensen C, Brockow K, Brzoza Z, Chong Neto HJ, Church MK, Criado PR, Danilycheva IV, Dressler C, Ensina LF, Fonacier L, Gaskins M, Gáspár K, Gelincik A, Giménez-Arnau A, Godse K, Gonçalo M, Grattan C, Grosber M, Hamelmann E, Hébert J, Hide M, Kaplan A, Kapp A, Kessel A, Kocatürk E, Kulthanan K, Larenas-Linnemann D, Lauerma A, Leslie TA, Magerl M, Makris M, Meshkova RY, Metz M, Micallef D, Mortz CG, Nast A, Oude-Elberink H, Pawankar R, Pigatto PD, Ratti Sisa H, Rojo Gutiérrez MI, Saini SS, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Sekerel BE, Siebenhaar F, Siiskonen H, Soria A, Staubach-Renz P, Stingeni L, Sussman G, Szegedi A, Thomsen SF, Vadasz Z, Vestergaard C, Wedi B, Zhao Z, Maurer M
Allergy 2022 Mar;77(3):734-766. Epub 2021 Oct 20 doi: 10.1111/all.15090. PMID: 34536239
Zuberbier T, Aberer W, Asero R, Abdul Latiff AH, Baker D, Ballmer-Weber B, Bernstein JA, Bindslev-Jensen C, Brzoza Z, Buense Bedrikow R, Canonica GW, Church MK, Craig T, Danilycheva IV, Dressler C, Ensina LF, Giménez-Arnau A, Godse K, Gonçalo M, Grattan C, Hebert J, Hide M, Kaplan A, Kapp A, Katelaris CH, Kocatürk E, Kulthanan K, Larenas-Linnemann D, Leslie TA, Magerl M, Mathelier-Fusade P, Meshkova RY, Metz M, Nast A, Nettis E, Oude-Elberink H, Rosumeck S, Saini SS, Sánchez-Borges M, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Staubach P, Sussman G, Toubi E, Vena GA, Vestergaard C, Wedi B, Werner RN, Zhao Z, Maurer M; Endorsed by the following societies: AAAAI, AAD, AAIITO, ACAAI, AEDV, APAAACI, ASBAI, ASCIA, BAD, BSACI, CDA, CMICA, CSACI, DDG, DDS, DGAKI, DSA, DST, EAACI, EIAS, EDF, EMBRN, ESCD, GA²LEN, IAACI, IADVL, JDA, NVvA, MSAI, ÖGDV, PSA, RAACI, SBD, SFD, SGAI, SGDV, SIAAIC, SIDeMaST, SPDV, TSD, UNBB, UNEV and WAO
Allergy 2018 Jul;73(7):1393-1414. doi: 10.1111/all.13397. PMID: 29336054

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Zuberbier T, Aberer W, Asero R, Abdul Latiff AH, Baker D, Ballmer-Weber B, Bernstein JA, Bindslev-Jensen C, Brzoza Z, Buense Bedrikow R, Canonica GW, Church MK, Craig T, Danilycheva IV, Dressler C, Ensina LF, Giménez-Arnau A, Godse K, Gonçalo M, Grattan C, Hebert J, Hide M, Kaplan A, Kapp A, Katelaris CH, Kocatürk E, Kulthanan K, Larenas-Linnemann D, Leslie TA, Magerl M, Mathelier-Fusade P, Meshkova RY, Metz M, Nast A, Nettis E, Oude-Elberink H, Rosumeck S, Saini SS, Sánchez-Borges M, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Staubach P, Sussman G, Toubi E, Vena GA, Vestergaard C, Wedi B, Werner RN, Zhao Z, Maurer M; Endorsed by the following societies: AAAAI, AAD, AAIITO, ACAAI, AEDV, APAAACI, ASBAI, ASCIA, BAD, BSACI, CDA, CMICA, CSACI, DDG, DDS, DGAKI, DSA, DST, EAACI, EIAS, EDF, EMBRN, ESCD, GA²LEN, IAACI, IADVL, JDA, NVvA, MSAI, ÖGDV, PSA, RAACI, SBD, SFD, SGAI, SGDV, SIAAIC, SIDeMaST, SPDV, TSD, UNBB, UNEV and WAO
Allergy 2018 Jul;73(7):1393-1414. doi: 10.1111/all.13397. PMID: 29336054
Andorf S, Purington N, Block WM, Long AJ, Tupa D, Brittain E, Rudman Spergel A, Desai M, Galli SJ, Nadeau KC, Chinthrajah RS
Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018 Feb;3(2):85-94. Epub 2017 Dec 12 doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(17)30392-8. PMID: 29242014Free PMC Article
Du Toit G, Roberts G, Sayre PH, Bahnson HT, Radulovic S, Santos AF, Brough HA, Phippard D, Basting M, Feeney M, Turcanu V, Sever ML, Gomez Lorenzo M, Plaut M, Lack G; LEAP Study Team
N Engl J Med 2015 Feb 26;372(9):803-13. Epub 2015 Feb 23 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1414850. PMID: 25705822Free PMC Article
Stibich AS, Schwartz RA
Cutis 2001 Aug;68(2):89-91. PMID: 11534921
Slater JW, Zechnich AD, Haxby DG
Drugs 1999 Jan;57(1):31-47. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199957010-00004. PMID: 9951950

Diagnosis

Wang RX, Newman SA
Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2024 Aug;44(3):483-502. Epub 2024 May 19 doi: 10.1016/j.iac.2024.03.006. PMID: 38937011
Zuberbier T, Bernstein JA, Maurer M
J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022 Dec;150(6):1249-1255. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.10.004. PMID: 36481045
Calvani M, Bianchi A, Reginelli C, Peresso M, Testa A
Medicina (Kaunas) 2019 Sep 27;55(10) doi: 10.3390/medicina55100651. PMID: 31569825Free PMC Article
Du Toit G, Roberts G, Sayre PH, Bahnson HT, Radulovic S, Santos AF, Brough HA, Phippard D, Basting M, Feeney M, Turcanu V, Sever ML, Gomez Lorenzo M, Plaut M, Lack G; LEAP Study Team
N Engl J Med 2015 Feb 26;372(9):803-13. Epub 2015 Feb 23 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1414850. PMID: 25705822Free PMC Article
Abajian M, Młynek A, Maurer M
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2012 Aug;12(4):281-7. doi: 10.1007/s11882-012-0269-0. PMID: 22653630

Therapy

Bent RK, Kugler C, Faihs V, Darsow U, Biedermann T, Brockow K
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2023 Dec;11(12):3724-3731.e11. Epub 2023 Aug 28 doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.08.030. PMID: 37648152
Chatchatee P, Nowak-Wegrzyn A, Lange L, Benjaponpitak S, Chong KW, Sangsupawanich P, van Ampting MTJ, Oude Nijhuis MM, Harthoorn LF, Langford JE, Knol J, Knipping K, Garssen J, Trendelenburg V, Pesek R, Davis CM, Muraro A, Erlewyn-Lajeunesse M, Fox AT, Michaelis LJ, Beyer K; PRESTO study team
J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022 Feb;149(2):650-658.e5. Epub 2021 Jul 2 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.06.025. PMID: 34224785
Andorf S, Purington N, Block WM, Long AJ, Tupa D, Brittain E, Rudman Spergel A, Desai M, Galli SJ, Nadeau KC, Chinthrajah RS
Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018 Feb;3(2):85-94. Epub 2017 Dec 12 doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(17)30392-8. PMID: 29242014Free PMC Article
White F, Cobos G, Soter NA
Dermatol Online J 2017 Dec 15;23(12) PMID: 29447656
Du Toit G, Roberts G, Sayre PH, Bahnson HT, Radulovic S, Santos AF, Brough HA, Phippard D, Basting M, Feeney M, Turcanu V, Sever ML, Gomez Lorenzo M, Plaut M, Lack G; LEAP Study Team
N Engl J Med 2015 Feb 26;372(9):803-13. Epub 2015 Feb 23 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1414850. PMID: 25705822Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Bent RK, Kugler C, Faihs V, Darsow U, Biedermann T, Brockow K
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2023 Dec;11(12):3724-3731.e11. Epub 2023 Aug 28 doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.08.030. PMID: 37648152
Barshow SM, Kulis MD, Burks AW, Kim EH
Clin Exp Allergy 2021 Apr;51(4):527-535. Epub 2021 Jan 20 doi: 10.1111/cea.13824. PMID: 33417257Free PMC Article
Calvani M, Bianchi A, Reginelli C, Peresso M, Testa A
Medicina (Kaunas) 2019 Sep 27;55(10) doi: 10.3390/medicina55100651. PMID: 31569825Free PMC Article
Anvari S, Miller J, Yeh CY, Davis CM
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2019 Oct;57(2):244-260. doi: 10.1007/s12016-018-8710-3. PMID: 30370459
Stibich AS, Schwartz RA
Cutis 2001 Aug;68(2):89-91. PMID: 11534921

Clinical prediction guides

Bent RK, Kugler C, Faihs V, Darsow U, Biedermann T, Brockow K
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2023 Dec;11(12):3724-3731.e11. Epub 2023 Aug 28 doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.08.030. PMID: 37648152
Phinyo P, Koompawichit P, Nochaiwong S, Tovanabutra N, Chiewchanvit S, Chuamanochan M
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2021 Feb;9(2):956-970.e57. Epub 2020 Sep 8 doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.08.055. PMID: 32916325
Calvani M, Bianchi A, Reginelli C, Peresso M, Testa A
Medicina (Kaunas) 2019 Sep 27;55(10) doi: 10.3390/medicina55100651. PMID: 31569825Free PMC Article
Ehlayel M, Bener A
Allergy Asthma Proc 2018 Sep 1;39(5):384-388. doi: 10.2500/aap.2018.39.4150. PMID: 30153889
Levy JH
J Clin Anesth 1988;1(1):39-46. doi: 10.1016/0952-8180(88)90010-4. PMID: 3078523

Recent systematic reviews

Chu AWL, Rayner DG, Chu X, Chen L, Dong AYH, Waserman S, Baker DR, Sheikh J, Moellman J, Lang DM, Ben-Shoshan M, Mathur SK, Beck LA, Khan DA, Oliver ET, Asiniwasis RN, Chan J, Cole EF, Trayes KP, Frazier WT, Runyon L, Wheeler KE, Eftekhari S, Gardner DD, Winders T, Bernstein JA, Saini SS, Chu DK
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024 Oct;133(4):437-444.e18. Epub 2024 Jun 18 doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2024.06.003. PMID: 38901542
Rayner DG, Liu M, Chu AWL, Chu X, Guyatt GH, Oykhman P, Cao DJ, Moellman J, Ben-Shoshan M, Baker DR, Waserman S, Lang D, Sheikh J, Mathur SK, Beck LA, Khan DA, Oliver ET, Asiniwasis RN, Cole EF, Wheeler KE, Runyon L, Chan J, Trayes KP, Eftekhari S, Gardner DD, Winders T, Saini SS, Bernstein JA, Chu DK
J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024 Oct;154(4):996-1007. Epub 2024 Jun 7 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.05.026. PMID: 38852861
Kulthanan K, Church MK, Grekowitz EM, Hawro T, Kiefer LA, Munprom K, Nanchaipruek Y, Rujitharanawong C, Terhorst-Molawi D, Maurer M
Front Immunol 2022;13:901851. Epub 2022 Jul 28 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.901851. PMID: 35967442Free PMC Article
Patil AD, Bingewar G, Goldust M
Dermatol Ther 2020 Nov;33(6):e14077. Epub 2020 Aug 13 doi: 10.1111/dth.14077. PMID: 32713068
Peters RL, Gurrin LC, Allen KJ
Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2012 Jun;23(4):347-52. Epub 2011 Dec 4 doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2011.01237.x. PMID: 22136629

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Recent activity

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...