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Anisometropia

MedGen UID:
8099
Concept ID:
C0003081
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: anisometropia; anisometropia (disease)
SNOMED CT: Anisometropia (3289004)
 
HPO: HP:0012803
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0001478

Definition

Inequality of refractive power of the two eyes. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • Anisometropia

Conditions with this feature

Toriello-Lacassie-Droste syndrome
MedGen UID:
333068
Concept ID:
C1838329
Disease or Syndrome
Oculoectodermal syndrome (OES) is characterized by the association of epibulbar dermoids and aplasia cutis congenita. Affected individuals exhibit congenital scalp lesions which are atrophic, nonscarring, hairless regions that are often multiple and asymmetric in distribution, and may have associated hamartomas. Ectodermal changes include linear hyperpigmentation that may follow the lines of Blaschko and, rarely, epidermal nevus-like lesions. Epibulbar dermoids may be uni- or bilateral. Additional ocular anomalies such as skin tags of the upper eyelid and rarely optic nerve or retinal changes or microphthalmia can be present. Phenotypic expression is highly variable, and various other abnormalities have occasionally been reported, including growth failure, lymphedema, and cardiovascular defects, as well as neurodevelopmental symptoms such as developmental delay, epilepsy, learning difficulties, and behavioral abnormalities. Benign tumor-like lesions such as nonossifying fibromas of the long bones and giant cell granulomas of the jaws have repeatedly been observed and appear to be age-dependent, becoming a common manifestation in individuals aged 5 years or older (summary by Boppudi et al., 2016).
Alport syndrome-intellectual disability-midface hypoplasia-elliptocytosis syndrome
MedGen UID:
337424
Concept ID:
C1846242
Disease or Syndrome
The AMME complex is an X-linked contiguous gene deletion syndrome with features of Alport syndrome (see 301050), impaired intellectual development, midface hypoplasia, and elliptocytosis in affected males (summary by Meloni et al., 2002).
Neurodevelopmental disorder with or without anomalies of the brain, eye, or heart
MedGen UID:
934739
Concept ID:
C4310772
Disease or Syndrome
RERE-related disorders are characterized by neurodevelopmental problems with or without structural anomalies of the eyes, heart, kidneys, and genitourinary tract and mild sensorineural hearing loss. Hypotonia and feeding problems are common among affected individuals. Developmental delay and intellectual disability range from mild to profound. Behavior problems may include attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, self-injurious behavior, and autism spectrum disorder. A variety of eye anomalies (coloboma, optic nerve anomalies, microphthalmia, and/or Peter's anomaly) and vision issues (myopia, anisometropia, astigmatism, exotropia, esotropia) have been reported. Congenital heart defects, most commonly septal defects, have also been described. Genitourinary abnormalities include vesicoureteral reflux, and cryptorchidism and hypospadias in males. Sensorineural hearing loss can be unilateral or bilateral.
Usmani-Riazuddin syndrome, autosomal dominant
MedGen UID:
1794162
Concept ID:
C5561952
Disease or Syndrome
Autosomal dominant Usmani-Riazzudin syndrome (USRISD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay with impaired intellectual development and speech delay, hypotonia, and behavioral abnormalities, most commonly aggressive behavior. More variable additional features may include seizures and distal limb anomalies (summary by Usmani et al., 2021).
Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and brain abnormalities
MedGen UID:
1794187
Concept ID:
C5561977
Disease or Syndrome
Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia and brain abnormalities (NEDHYBA) is characterized by impaired development of motor skills, cognitive function, and speech acquisition beginning in infancy or early childhood. Some affected individuals may have feeding difficulties, seizures, behavioral abnormalities, and nonspecific dysmorphic facial features. Brain imaging shows variable abnormalities, including corpus callosum defects, cerebellar defects, and decreased white matter volume. There is significant phenotypic variability (summary by Duncan et al., 2021).

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Meng C, Zhang Y, Wang S
Eur J Ophthalmol 2023 Jul;33(4):1529-1535. Epub 2022 Nov 29 doi: 10.1177/11206721221143164. PMID: 36448184
Acheampong HO, Kumah DB, Addo EK, Asare AK, Agyei-Manu E, Mohammed AS, Baah-Konadu B, Osei Duah Junior I, Mintah P, Darrah S, Akuffo KO
Strabismus 2022 Mar;30(1):18-28. Epub 2022 Jan 13 doi: 10.1080/09273972.2021.2022715. PMID: 35023425
Pescosolido N, Stefanucci A, Buomprisco G, Fazio S
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2014 Mar-Apr;51(2):78-86. Epub 2014 Jan 14 doi: 10.3928/01913913-20130107-01. PMID: 24410693

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Lin HW, Young ML, Pu C, Huang CY, Lin KK, Lee JS, Hou CH
Sci Rep 2023 Aug 22;13(1):13643. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-40831-0. PMID: 37608064Free PMC Article
Sun X, Zhang Y, Chen Y
Clin Exp Optom 2022 Nov;105(8):801-805. Epub 2021 Dec 9 doi: 10.1080/08164622.2021.2003689. PMID: 34886752
Krarup TG, Nisted I, Christensen U, Kiilgaard JF, la Cour M
Acta Ophthalmol 2020 Jun;98(4):418-426. Epub 2019 Nov 26 doi: 10.1111/aos.14310. PMID: 31773911
Barrett BT, Bradley A, Candy TR
Prog Retin Eye Res 2013 Sep;36:120-58. Epub 2013 Jun 15 doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.05.001. PMID: 23773832Free PMC Article
Afsari S, Rose KA, Gole GA, Philip K, Leone JF, French A, Mitchell P
Br J Ophthalmol 2013 Sep;97(9):1095-9. Epub 2013 Apr 23 doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-302637. PMID: 23613508

Diagnosis

Azad R, Sinha S, Nishant P
Indian J Ophthalmol 2021 Nov;69(11):3026-3034. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1525_21. PMID: 34708738Free PMC Article
Krarup TG, Nisted I, Christensen U, Kiilgaard JF, la Cour M
Acta Ophthalmol 2020 Jun;98(4):418-426. Epub 2019 Nov 26 doi: 10.1111/aos.14310. PMID: 31773911
Schiefer U, Kraus C, Baumbach P, Ungewiß J, Michels R
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2016 Oct 14;113(41):693-702. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2016.0693. PMID: 27839543Free PMC Article
Guyton DL, O'Connor GM
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1991 Feb;2(1):78-80. doi: 10.1097/00055735-199102000-00012. PMID: 10149292
Lang J
Int Ophthalmol 1983 Jan;6(1):33-6. doi: 10.1007/BF00137371. PMID: 6826290

Therapy

Dong J, Zhu Z, Xu H, He M
Ophthalmology 2023 Feb;130(2):198-204. Epub 2022 Aug 29 doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.08.024. PMID: 36049646
Jiang Y, Zhu Z, Tan X, Kong X, Zhong H, Zhang J, Xiong R, Yuan Y, Zeng J, Morgan IG, He M
Ophthalmology 2022 May;129(5):509-519. Epub 2021 Dec 1 doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.11.023. PMID: 34863776
Atchison DA, Lee J, Lu J, Webber AL, Hess RF, Baldwin AS, Schmid KL
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2020 May;40(3):323-332. Epub 2020 Mar 3 doi: 10.1111/opo.12680. PMID: 32128857
Murray SJ, Codina CJ
J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil 2019 Oct-Dec;69(4):141-152. Epub 2019 Sep 5 doi: 10.1080/2576117X.2019.1656034. PMID: 31486743
Arshinoff SA, Odorcic S
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2009 Jan;20(1):3-12. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0b013e32831b6daf. PMID: 19077823

Prognosis

Kinori M, Nitzan I, Szyper NS, Achiron A, Spierer O
Am J Ophthalmol 2024 Aug;264:145-153. Epub 2024 Mar 27 doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2024.03.008. PMID: 38552933
Park SH, Ma DJ, Choi DG
Sci Rep 2023 Mar 11;13(1):4066. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-31234-2. PMID: 36906702Free PMC Article
Finlay AL
Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2007 May;30(2):76-83. doi: 10.1016/j.clae.2007.02.009. PMID: 17448926
Carruthers J
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1996 Oct;7(5):3-7. doi: 10.1097/00055735-199610000-00002. PMID: 10165105
Kutschke PJ, Scott WE, Keech RV
Ophthalmology 1991 Feb;98(2):258-63. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(91)32307-8. PMID: 2008287

Clinical prediction guides

Jiang Y, Zhu Z, Tan X, Kong X, Zhong H, Zhang J, Xiong R, Yuan Y, Zeng J, Morgan IG, He M
Ophthalmology 2022 May;129(5):509-519. Epub 2021 Dec 1 doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.11.023. PMID: 34863776
Nunes AF, Batista M, Monteiro P
F1000Res 2021;10:1101. Epub 2021 Nov 1 doi: 10.12688/f1000research.73657.4. PMID: 35035896Free PMC Article
Azad R, Sinha S, Nishant P
Indian J Ophthalmol 2021 Nov;69(11):3026-3034. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1525_21. PMID: 34708738Free PMC Article
Krarup TG, Nisted I, Christensen U, Kiilgaard JF, la Cour M
Acta Ophthalmol 2020 Jun;98(4):418-426. Epub 2019 Nov 26 doi: 10.1111/aos.14310. PMID: 31773911
Carruthers J
Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1996 Oct;7(5):3-7. doi: 10.1097/00055735-199610000-00002. PMID: 10165105

Recent systematic reviews

Chen J, Hao Q, Zhang J, Du Y, Chen H, Cheng X
Ital J Pediatr 2023 Oct 9;49(1):136. doi: 10.1186/s13052-023-01543-3. PMID: 37814332Free PMC Article
Tang SM, Chan RY, Bin Lin S, Rong SS, Lau HH, Lau WW, Yip WW, Chen LJ, Ko ST, Yam JC
Sci Rep 2016 Oct 12;6:35177. doi: 10.1038/srep35177. PMID: 27731389Free PMC Article
Malvankar-Mehta MS, Chen YN, Patel S, Leung AP, Merchea MM, Hodge WG
PLoS One 2015;10(6):e0131857. Epub 2015 Jun 29 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131857. PMID: 26121673Free PMC Article
Ishikawa T, Desapriya E, Puri M, Kerr JM, Hewapathirane DS, Pike I
J Cataract Refract Surg 2013 Oct;39(10):1593-603. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2013.08.033. PMID: 24075161
Maconachie GD, Gottlob I, McLean RJ
JAMA Ophthalmol 2013 Sep;131(9):1179-86. doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.4001. PMID: 23846622

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