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psychomotor agitation

MedGen UID:
854458
•Concept ID:
C3887612
•
Finding
Synonyms: Agitation, Psychomotor; Excitement, Psychomotor; Hyperactivity, Psychomotor; Psychomotor Agitation; Psychomotor Excitement; Psychomotor Hyperactivity; Psychomotor Restlessness; Restlessness; Restlessness, Psychomotor
SNOMED CT: Psychomotor agitation (47295007); Excessive overactivity (47295007); Increased purposeless goalless activity (47295007)

Definition

Physical restlessness, often associated with increased motor activity. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVpsychomotor agitation

Professional guidelines

PubMed

The Management of Psychomotor Agitation Associated with Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder: A Brief Review.
Pompili M, Ducci G, Galluzzo A, Rosso G, Palumbo C, De Berardis D
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 Apr 20;18(8) doi: 10.3390/ijerph18084368. PMID: 33924111Free PMC Article
Protocol for the management of psychiatric patients with psychomotor agitation.
Vieta E, Garriga M, Cardete L, Bernardo M, Lombraña M, Blanch J, Catalán R, Vázquez M, Soler V, Ortuño N, Martínez-Arán A
BMC Psychiatry 2017 Sep 8;17(1):328. doi: 10.1186/s12888-017-1490-0. PMID: 28886752Free PMC Article
Assessment and management of agitation in psychiatry: Expert consensus.
Garriga M, Pacchiarotti I, Kasper S, Zeller SL, Allen MH, Vázquez G, Baldaçara L, San L, McAllister-Williams RH, Fountoulakis KN, Courtet P, Naber D, Chan EW, Fagiolini A, Möller HJ, Grunze H, Llorca PM, Jaffe RL, Yatham LN, Hidalgo-Mazzei D, Passamar M, Messer T, Bernardo M, Vieta E
World J Biol Psychiatry 2016;17(2):86-128. doi: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1132007. PMID: 26912127

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Emergence agitation: current knowledge and unresolved questions.
Lee SJ, Sung TY
Korean J Anesthesiol 2020 Dec;73(6):471-485. Epub 2020 Mar 25 doi: 10.4097/kja.20097. PMID: 32209961Free PMC Article
Behavioral and psychological symptoms in Alzheimer's dementia and vascular dementia.
Deardorff WJ, Grossberg GT
Handb Clin Neurol 2019;165:5-32. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64012-3.00002-2. PMID: 31727229
Psychiatric Emergencies in Pregnancy and Postpartum.
Rodriguez-Cabezas L, Clark C
Clin Obstet Gynecol 2018 Sep;61(3):615-627. doi: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000377. PMID: 29794819Free PMC Article
Assessment and management of agitation in psychiatry: Expert consensus.
Garriga M, Pacchiarotti I, Kasper S, Zeller SL, Allen MH, Vázquez G, Baldaçara L, San L, McAllister-Williams RH, Fountoulakis KN, Courtet P, Naber D, Chan EW, Fagiolini A, Möller HJ, Grunze H, Llorca PM, Jaffe RL, Yatham LN, Hidalgo-Mazzei D, Passamar M, Messer T, Bernardo M, Vieta E
World J Biol Psychiatry 2016;17(2):86-128. doi: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1132007. PMID: 26912127
Assessment and management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.
Kales HC, Gitlin LN, Lyketsos CG
BMJ 2015 Mar 2;350:h369. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h369. PMID: 25731881Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Emergence agitation: current knowledge and unresolved questions.
Lee SJ, Sung TY
Korean J Anesthesiol 2020 Dec;73(6):471-485. Epub 2020 Mar 25 doi: 10.4097/kja.20097. PMID: 32209961Free PMC Article
Behavioral and psychological symptoms in Alzheimer's dementia and vascular dementia.
Deardorff WJ, Grossberg GT
Handb Clin Neurol 2019;165:5-32. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64012-3.00002-2. PMID: 31727229
Best Practices for Evaluation and Treatment of Agitated Children and Adolescents (BETA) in the Emergency Department: Consensus Statement of the American Association for Emergency Psychiatry.
Gerson R, Malas N, Feuer V, Silver GH, Prasad R, Mroczkowski MM
West J Emerg Med 2019 Mar;20(2):409-418. Epub 2019 Feb 19 doi: 10.5811/westjem.2019.1.41344. PMID: 30881565Free PMC Article
Psychiatric Emergencies in Pregnancy and Postpartum.
Rodriguez-Cabezas L, Clark C
Clin Obstet Gynecol 2018 Sep;61(3):615-627. doi: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000377. PMID: 29794819Free PMC Article
Assessment and management of agitation in psychiatry: Expert consensus.
Garriga M, Pacchiarotti I, Kasper S, Zeller SL, Allen MH, Vázquez G, Baldaçara L, San L, McAllister-Williams RH, Fountoulakis KN, Courtet P, Naber D, Chan EW, Fagiolini A, Möller HJ, Grunze H, Llorca PM, Jaffe RL, Yatham LN, Hidalgo-Mazzei D, Passamar M, Messer T, Bernardo M, Vieta E
World J Biol Psychiatry 2016;17(2):86-128. doi: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1132007. PMID: 26912127

Therapy

Aromatherapy for dementia.
Ball EL, Owen-Booth B, Gray A, Shenkin SD, Hewitt J, McCleery J
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 Aug 19;8(8):CD003150. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003150.pub3. PMID: 32813272Free PMC Article
Efficacy and Safety of Brexpiprazole for the Treatment of Agitation in Alzheimer's Dementia: Two 12-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trials.
Grossberg GT, Kohegyi E, Mergel V, Josiassen MK, Meulien D, Hobart M, Slomkowski M, Baker RA, McQuade RD, Cummings JL
Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020 Apr;28(4):383-400. Epub 2019 Oct 1 doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2019.09.009. PMID: 31708380
Music-based therapeutic interventions for people with dementia.
van der Steen JT, Smaling HJ, van der Wouden JC, Bruinsma MS, Scholten RJ, Vink AC
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Jul 23;7(7):CD003477. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003477.pub4. PMID: 30033623Free PMC Article
Music-based therapeutic interventions for people with dementia.
van der Steen JT, van Soest-Poortvliet MC, van der Wouden JC, Bruinsma MS, Scholten RJ, Vink AC
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017 May 2;5(5):CD003477. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003477.pub3. PMID: 28462986Free PMC Article
Assessment and management of agitation in psychiatry: Expert consensus.
Garriga M, Pacchiarotti I, Kasper S, Zeller SL, Allen MH, Vázquez G, Baldaçara L, San L, McAllister-Williams RH, Fountoulakis KN, Courtet P, Naber D, Chan EW, Fagiolini A, Möller HJ, Grunze H, Llorca PM, Jaffe RL, Yatham LN, Hidalgo-Mazzei D, Passamar M, Messer T, Bernardo M, Vieta E
World J Biol Psychiatry 2016;17(2):86-128. doi: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1132007. PMID: 26912127

Prognosis

Chronic Brain Failure.
Wolak JP
Emerg Med Clin North Am 2021 May;39(2):307-322. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2021.01.008. PMID: 33863461
Neuroleptic strategies for terminal agitation in patients with cancer and delirium at an acute palliative care unit: a single-centre, double-blind, parallel-group, randomised trial.
Hui D, De La Rosa A, Wilson A, Nguyen T, Wu J, Delgado-Guay M, Azhar A, Arthur J, Epner D, Haider A, De La Cruz M, Heung Y, Tanco K, Dalal S, Reddy A, Williams J, Amin S, Armstrong TS, Breitbart W, Bruera E
Lancet Oncol 2020 Jul;21(7):989-998. Epub 2020 May 29 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30307-7. PMID: 32479786Free PMC Article
Emergence agitation: current knowledge and unresolved questions.
Lee SJ, Sung TY
Korean J Anesthesiol 2020 Dec;73(6):471-485. Epub 2020 Mar 25 doi: 10.4097/kja.20097. PMID: 32209961Free PMC Article
Assessment and management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.
Kales HC, Gitlin LN, Lyketsos CG
BMJ 2015 Mar 2;350:h369. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h369. PMID: 25731881Free PMC Article
Agitation.
Haskell RM, Frankel HL, Rotondo MF
AACN Clin Issues 1997 Aug;8(3):335-50. doi: 10.1097/00044067-199708000-00005. PMID: 9313372

Clinical prediction guides

Effect of a repeated verbal reminder of orientation on emergence agitation after general anaesthesia for minimally invasive abdominal surgery: a randomised controlled trial.
Lee S, Sohn JY, Hwang IE, Lee HJ, Yoon S, Bahk JH, Kim BR
Br J Anaesth 2023 Apr;130(4):439-445. Epub 2023 Jan 23 doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2022.12.009. PMID: 36697272
Study of mirtazapine for agitated behaviours in dementia (SYMBAD): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Banerjee S, High J, Stirling S, Shepstone L, Swart AM, Telling T, Henderson C, Ballard C, Bentham P, Burns A, Farina N, Fox C, Francis P, Howard R, Knapp M, Leroi I, Livingston G, Nilforooshan R, Nurock S, O'Brien J, Price A, Thomas AJ, Tabet N
Lancet 2021 Oct 23;398(10310):1487-1497. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01210-1. PMID: 34688369Free PMC Article
Neuroleptic strategies for terminal agitation in patients with cancer and delirium at an acute palliative care unit: a single-centre, double-blind, parallel-group, randomised trial.
Hui D, De La Rosa A, Wilson A, Nguyen T, Wu J, Delgado-Guay M, Azhar A, Arthur J, Epner D, Haider A, De La Cruz M, Heung Y, Tanco K, Dalal S, Reddy A, Williams J, Amin S, Armstrong TS, Breitbart W, Bruera E
Lancet Oncol 2020 Jul;21(7):989-998. Epub 2020 May 29 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30307-7. PMID: 32479786Free PMC Article
Efficacy and Safety of Brexpiprazole for the Treatment of Agitation in Alzheimer's Dementia: Two 12-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trials.
Grossberg GT, Kohegyi E, Mergel V, Josiassen MK, Meulien D, Hobart M, Slomkowski M, Baker RA, McQuade RD, Cummings JL
Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020 Apr;28(4):383-400. Epub 2019 Oct 1 doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2019.09.009. PMID: 31708380
Agitation.
Haskell RM, Frankel HL, Rotondo MF
AACN Clin Issues 1997 Aug;8(3):335-50. doi: 10.1097/00044067-199708000-00005. PMID: 9313372

Recent systematic reviews

Cannabis and cannabinoid use in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review.
Silva EAD Junior, Medeiros WMB, Torro N, Sousa JMM, Almeida IBCM, Costa FBD, Pontes KM, Nunes ELG, Rosa MDD, Albuquerque KLGD
Trends Psychiatry Psychother 2022 Jun 13;44:e20200149. doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0149. PMID: 34043900Free PMC Article
Aromatherapy for dementia.
Ball EL, Owen-Booth B, Gray A, Shenkin SD, Hewitt J, McCleery J
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 Aug 19;8(8):CD003150. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003150.pub3. PMID: 32813272Free PMC Article
Music-based therapeutic interventions for people with dementia.
van der Steen JT, Smaling HJ, van der Wouden JC, Bruinsma MS, Scholten RJ, Vink AC
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018 Jul 23;7(7):CD003477. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003477.pub4. PMID: 30033623Free PMC Article
Systematic review of systematic reviews of non-pharmacological interventions to treat behavioural disturbances in older patients with dementia. The SENATOR-OnTop series.
Abraha I, Rimland JM, Trotta FM, Dell'Aquila G, Cruz-Jentoft A, Petrovic M, Gudmundsson A, Soiza R, O'Mahony D, Guaita A, Cherubini A
BMJ Open 2017 Mar 16;7(3):e012759. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012759. PMID: 28302633Free PMC Article
Assessment and management of agitation in psychiatry: Expert consensus.
Garriga M, Pacchiarotti I, Kasper S, Zeller SL, Allen MH, Vázquez G, Baldaçara L, San L, McAllister-Williams RH, Fountoulakis KN, Courtet P, Naber D, Chan EW, Fagiolini A, Möller HJ, Grunze H, Llorca PM, Jaffe RL, Yatham LN, Hidalgo-Mazzei D, Passamar M, Messer T, Bernardo M, Vieta E
World J Biol Psychiatry 2016;17(2):86-128. doi: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1132007. PMID: 26912127

Supplemental Content

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