U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy(SAVI)

MedGen UID:
863159
Concept ID:
C4014722
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Sting-associated vasculopathy, infantile-onset
SNOMED CT: STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (711164003)
Modes of inheritance:
Autosomal dominant inheritance
MedGen UID:
141047
Concept ID:
C0443147
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele.
 
Gene (location): STING1 (5q31.2)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0014405
OMIM®: 615934
Orphanet: ORPHA425120

Definition

STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy is an autoinflammatory vasculopathy causing severe skin lesions, particularly affecting the face, ears, nose, and digits, and resulting in ulceration, eschar formation, necrosis, and, in some cases, amputation. Many patients have interstitial lung disease. Tissue biopsy and laboratory findings show a hyperinflammatory state, with evidence of increased beta-interferon (IFNB1; 147640) signaling (summary by Liu et al., 2014). [from OMIM]

Additional description

From MedlinePlus Genetics
STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI) is a disorder involving abnormal inflammation throughout the body, especially in the skin, blood vessels, and lungs. Inflammation normally occurs when the immune system sends signaling molecules and white blood cells to a site of injury or disease to fight microbial invaders and help with tissue repair. Excessive inflammation damages the body's own cells and tissues. Disorders such as SAVI that result from abnormally increased inflammation are known as autoinflammatory diseases.

The signs and symptoms of SAVI begin in the first few months of life, and most are related to problems with blood vessels (vasculopathy) and damage to the tissues that rely on these vessels for their blood supply. Affected infants develop areas of severely damaged skin (lesions), particularly on the face, ears, nose, fingers, and toes. These lesions begin as rashes and can progress to become wounds (ulcers) and dead tissue (necrosis). The skin problems, which worsen in cold weather, can lead to complications such as scarred ears, a hole in the tissue that separates the two nostrils (nasal septum perforation), or fingers or toes that require amputation. Individuals with SAVI also have a purplish skin discoloration (livedo reticularis) caused by abnormalities in the tiny blood vessels of the skin. Affected individuals may also experience episodes of Raynaud phenomenon, in which the fingers and toes turn white or blue in response to cold temperature or other stresses. This effect occurs because of problems with the small vessels that carry blood to the extremities.

In addition to problems affecting the skin, people with SAVI have recurrent low-grade fevers and swollen lymph nodes. They may also develop widespread lung damage (interstitial lung disease) that can lead to the formation of scar tissue in the lungs (pulmonary fibrosis) and difficulty breathing; these respiratory complications can become life-threatening. Rarely, muscle inflammation (myositis) and joint stiffness also occur.  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/sting-associated-vasculopathy-with-onset-in-infancy

Clinical features

From HPO
Arthralgia
MedGen UID:
13917
Concept ID:
C0003862
Sign or Symptom
Joint pain.
Raynaud phenomenon
MedGen UID:
20474
Concept ID:
C0034735
Disease or Syndrome
An episodic vasoconstriction resulting in discoloration of the skin and pain in the affected areas, often involving fingers or toes. Classically associated with triphasic color changes (white, blue, red) but may be biphasic. Often occurs in response to cold temperatures or emotional stress. May be primary or secondary to an underlying autoimmune disease.
Failure to thrive
MedGen UID:
746019
Concept ID:
C2315100
Disease or Syndrome
Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm.
Anemia
MedGen UID:
1526
Concept ID:
C0002871
Disease or Syndrome
A reduction in erythrocytes volume or hemoglobin concentration.
Thrombocytosis
MedGen UID:
163397
Concept ID:
C0836924
Disease or Syndrome
Increased numbers of platelets in the peripheral blood.
Joint stiffness
MedGen UID:
56403
Concept ID:
C0162298
Sign or Symptom
Joint stiffness is a perceived sensation of tightness in a joint or joints when attempting to move them after a period of inactivity. Joint stiffness typically subsides over time.
Muscular atrophy
MedGen UID:
892680
Concept ID:
C0541794
Pathologic Function
The presence of skeletal muscular atrophy (which is also known as amyotrophy).
Pulmonary fibrosis
MedGen UID:
11028
Concept ID:
C0034069
Disease or Syndrome
Replacement of normal lung tissues by fibroblasts and collagen.
Tachypnea
MedGen UID:
66669
Concept ID:
C0231835
Finding
Very rapid breathing.
Recurrent respiratory infections
MedGen UID:
812812
Concept ID:
C3806482
Finding
An increased susceptibility to respiratory infections as manifested by a history of recurrent respiratory infections.
Leukopenia
MedGen UID:
6073
Concept ID:
C0023530
Disease or Syndrome
An abnormal decreased number of leukocytes in the blood.
Lymphopenia
MedGen UID:
7418
Concept ID:
C0024312
Disease or Syndrome
A reduced number of lymphocytes in the blood.
Myositis disease
MedGen UID:
44564
Concept ID:
C0027121
Disease or Syndrome
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy is a group of disorders characterized by inflammation of the muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles). Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy usually appears in adults between ages 40 and 60 or in children between ages 5 and 15, though it can occur at any age.\n\nIn sporadic inclusion body myositis, the muscles most affected are those of the wrists and fingers and the front of the thigh. Affected individuals may frequently stumble while walking and find it difficult to grasp items. As in dermatomyositis and polymyositis, swallowing can be difficult.\n\nThe primary symptom of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy is muscle weakness, which develops gradually over a period of weeks to months or even years. Other symptoms include joint pain and general tiredness (fatigue).\n\nThere are several forms of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, including polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and sporadic inclusion body myositis.\n\nPolymyositis and dermatomyositis involve weakness of the muscles closest to the center of the body (proximal muscles), such as the muscles of the hips and thighs, upper arms, and neck. People with these forms of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy may find it difficult to climb stairs, get up from a seated position, or lift items above their head. In some cases, muscle weakness may make swallowing or breathing difficult.\n\nPolymyositis and dermatomyositis have similar symptoms, but dermatomyositis is distinguished by a reddish or purplish rash on the eyelids, elbows, knees, or knuckles. Sometimes, abnormal calcium deposits form hard, painful bumps under the skin (calcinosis).
Pustular rash
MedGen UID:
43222
Concept ID:
C0085641
Sign or Symptom
A rash composed of pustular lesions. A pustule is defined as a vesicle or bulla containing purulent material. It varies in size and may occur at different levels within the epidermis
Rheumatoid factor positive
MedGen UID:
56226
Concept ID:
C0151379
Laboratory or Test Result
The presence in the serum of an autoantibody directed against the Fc portion of IgG.
Antinuclear antibody positivity
MedGen UID:
101792
Concept ID:
C0151480
Laboratory or Test Result
The presence of autoantibodies in the serum that react against nuclei or nuclear components.
Increased circulating IgA concentration
MedGen UID:
66800
Concept ID:
C0239984
Finding
An abnormally increased level of immunoglobulin A in blood.
Recurrent infections
MedGen UID:
65998
Concept ID:
C0239998
Finding
Increased susceptibility to infections.
Pustule
MedGen UID:
488804
Concept ID:
C0241157
Finding
A small elevation of the skin containing cloudy or purulent material usually consisting of necrotic inflammatory cells.
Malar rash
MedGen UID:
75808
Concept ID:
C0277942
Finding
An erythematous (red), flat facial rash that affects the skin in the malar area (over the cheekbones) and extends over the bridge of the nose.
Paratracheal lymphadenopathy
MedGen UID:
636204
Concept ID:
C0520744
Disease or Syndrome
Enlargement of lymph nodes surrounding the trachea.
Increased circulating IgG concentration
MedGen UID:
347032
Concept ID:
C1858977
Finding
An abnormally increased level of immunoglobulin G in blood.
Follicular hyperplasia
MedGen UID:
863170
Concept ID:
C4014733
Finding
Lymphadenopathy (enlargement of lymph nodes) owing to hyperplasia of follicular (germinal) centers.
Antiphospholipid antibody positivity
MedGen UID:
866404
Concept ID:
C4019436
Finding
The presence of circulating autoantibodies to phospholipids.
Cytoplasmic antineutrophil antibody positivity
MedGen UID:
1690999
Concept ID:
C5139210
Finding
The presence of autoantibodies in the serum that react against proteins predominantly expressed in cytoplasmic granules of neutrophils.
Skin rash
MedGen UID:
1830322
Concept ID:
C5779628
Sign or Symptom
A red eruption of the skin.
Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate
MedGen UID:
57727
Concept ID:
C0151632
Finding
An increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The ESR is a test that measures the distance that erythrocytes have fallen after one hour in a vertical column of anticoagulated blood under the influence of gravity. The ESR is a nonspecific finding. An elevation may indicate inflammation or may be caused by any condition that elevates fibrinogen.
Recurrent fever
MedGen UID:
811468
Concept ID:
C3714772
Sign or Symptom
Periodic (episodic or recurrent) bouts of fever.
Elevated circulating C-reactive protein concentration
MedGen UID:
892906
Concept ID:
C4023452
Finding
An abnormal elevation of the C-reactive protein level in the blood circulation.
Nasal septum perforation
MedGen UID:
452298
Concept ID:
C0235761
Anatomical Abnormality
A full-thickness defect of the nasal septum.
Telangiectasia
MedGen UID:
21088
Concept ID:
C0039446
Finding
Telangiectasias refer to small dilated blood vessels located near the surface of the skin or mucous membranes, measuring between 0.5 and 1 millimeter in diameter. Telangiectasia are located especially on the tongue, lips, palate, fingers, face, conjunctiva, trunk, nail beds, and fingertips.
Erythema
MedGen UID:
11999
Concept ID:
C0041834
Disease or Syndrome
Redness of the skin, caused by hyperemia of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin.
Livedo reticularis
MedGen UID:
43223
Concept ID:
C0085642
Disease or Syndrome
Livedo reticularis is characterized by the presence of a bluish purple, mottled or netlike pattern in unbroken circles on the skin. Exposure to cold environments usually intensifies the vascular pattern. Presumably, the condition results from slow or stagnant blood flow, vessel-wall pathology, and decreased oxygen tension.
Nail dystrophy
MedGen UID:
66368
Concept ID:
C0221260
Disease or Syndrome
Onychodystrophy (nail dystrophy) refers to nail changes apart from changes of the color (nail dyschromia) and involves partial or complete disruption of the various keratinous layers of the nail plate.
Cutis marmorata
MedGen UID:
78093
Concept ID:
C0263401
Disease or Syndrome
A reticular discoloration of the skin with cyanotic (reddish-blue appearing) areas surrounding pale central areas due to dilation of capillary blood vessels and stagnation of blood within the vessels. Cutis marmorata generally occurs on the legs, arms and trunk and is often more severe in cold weather.
Periungual erythema
MedGen UID:
1720689
Concept ID:
C1963964
Sign or Symptom
Erythema (redness of the skin caused by hyperemia in superficial capillaries) in the region surrounding a fingernail or toe nail.
Nailfold capillary tortuosity
MedGen UID:
863168
Concept ID:
C4014731
Finding
An increased number of turns of the blood vessels of the nailfold with a charactereistic winded or twisted appearance of the blood vessels.
Sparse hair
MedGen UID:
1790211
Concept ID:
C5551005
Finding
Reduced density of hairs.

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVSTING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Cetin Gedik K, Lamot L, Romano M, Demirkaya E, Piskin D, Torreggiani S, Adang LA, Armangue T, Barchus K, Cordova DR, Crow YJ, Dale RC, Durrant KL, Eleftheriou D, Fazzi EM, Gattorno M, Gavazzi F, Hanson EP, Lee-Kirsch MA, Montealegre Sanchez GA, Neven B, Orcesi S, Ozen S, Poli MC, Schumacher E, Tonduti D, Uss K, Aletaha D, Feldman BM, Vanderver A, Brogan PA, Goldbach-Mansky R
Arthritis Rheumatol 2022 May;74(5):735-751. Epub 2022 Mar 21 doi: 10.1002/art.42087. PMID: 35315249
Cetin Gedik K, Lamot L, Romano M, Demirkaya E, Piskin D, Torreggiani S, Adang LA, Armangue T, Barchus K, Cordova DR, Crow YJ, Dale RC, Durrant KL, Eleftheriou D, Fazzi EM, Gattorno M, Gavazzi F, Hanson EP, Lee-Kirsch MA, Montealegre Sanchez GA, Neven B, Orcesi S, Ozen S, Poli MC, Schumacher E, Tonduti D, Uss K, Aletaha D, Feldman BM, Vanderver A, Brogan PA, Goldbach-Mansky R
Ann Rheum Dis 2022 May;81(5):601-613. Epub 2022 Jan 27 doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221814. PMID: 35086813Free PMC Article
Sanchez GAM, Reinhardt A, Ramsey S, Wittkowski H, Hashkes PJ, Berkun Y, Schalm S, Murias S, Dare JA, Brown D, Stone DL, Gao L, Klausmeier T, Foell D, de Jesus AA, Chapelle DC, Kim H, Dill S, Colbert RA, Failla L, Kost B, O'Brien M, Reynolds JC, Folio LR, Calvo KR, Paul SM, Weir N, Brofferio A, Soldatos A, Biancotto A, Cowen EW, Digiovanna JJ, Gadina M, Lipton AJ, Hadigan C, Holland SM, Fontana J, Alawad AS, Brown RJ, Rother KI, Heller T, Brooks KM, Kumar P, Brooks SR, Waldman M, Singh HK, Nickeleit V, Silk M, Prakash A, Janes JM, Ozen S, Wakim PG, Brogan PA, Macias WL, Goldbach-Mansky R
J Clin Invest 2018 Jul 2;128(7):3041-3052. Epub 2018 Jun 11 doi: 10.1172/JCI98814. PMID: 29649002Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Ryan TAJ, O'Neill LAJ
Cells 2023 Feb 28;12(5) doi: 10.3390/cells12050778. PMID: 36899914Free PMC Article
Frémond ML, Crow YJ
J Clin Immunol 2021 Apr;41(3):501-514. Epub 2021 Feb 2 doi: 10.1007/s10875-021-00974-z. PMID: 33532887
Tang X, Xu H, Zhou C, Peng Y, Liu H, Liu J, Li H, Yang H, Zhao S
J Clin Immunol 2020 Jan;40(1):114-122. Epub 2019 Nov 8 doi: 10.1007/s10875-019-00690-9. PMID: 31705453
Sanchez GAM, Reinhardt A, Ramsey S, Wittkowski H, Hashkes PJ, Berkun Y, Schalm S, Murias S, Dare JA, Brown D, Stone DL, Gao L, Klausmeier T, Foell D, de Jesus AA, Chapelle DC, Kim H, Dill S, Colbert RA, Failla L, Kost B, O'Brien M, Reynolds JC, Folio LR, Calvo KR, Paul SM, Weir N, Brofferio A, Soldatos A, Biancotto A, Cowen EW, Digiovanna JJ, Gadina M, Lipton AJ, Hadigan C, Holland SM, Fontana J, Alawad AS, Brown RJ, Rother KI, Heller T, Brooks KM, Kumar P, Brooks SR, Waldman M, Singh HK, Nickeleit V, Silk M, Prakash A, Janes JM, Ozen S, Wakim PG, Brogan PA, Macias WL, Goldbach-Mansky R
J Clin Invest 2018 Jul 2;128(7):3041-3052. Epub 2018 Jun 11 doi: 10.1172/JCI98814. PMID: 29649002Free PMC Article
Yan N
J Interferon Cytokine Res 2017 May;37(5):198-206. doi: 10.1089/jir.2016.0086. PMID: 28475463Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Wan R, Fänder J, Zakaraia I, Lee-Kirsch MA, Wolf C, Lucas N, Olfe LI, Hendrich C, Jonigk D, Holzinger D, Steindor M, Schmidt G, Davenport C, Klemann C, Schwerk N, Griese M, Schlegelberger B, Stehling F, Happle C, Auber B, Steinemann D, Wetzke M, von Hardenberg S
Front Immunol 2022;13:1029423. Epub 2022 Oct 6 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1029423. PMID: 36275728Free PMC Article
Cetin Gedik K, Lamot L, Romano M, Demirkaya E, Piskin D, Torreggiani S, Adang LA, Armangue T, Barchus K, Cordova DR, Crow YJ, Dale RC, Durrant KL, Eleftheriou D, Fazzi EM, Gattorno M, Gavazzi F, Hanson EP, Lee-Kirsch MA, Montealegre Sanchez GA, Neven B, Orcesi S, Ozen S, Poli MC, Schumacher E, Tonduti D, Uss K, Aletaha D, Feldman BM, Vanderver A, Brogan PA, Goldbach-Mansky R
Ann Rheum Dis 2022 May;81(5):601-613. Epub 2022 Jan 27 doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221814. PMID: 35086813Free PMC Article
Frémond ML, Crow YJ
J Clin Immunol 2021 Apr;41(3):501-514. Epub 2021 Feb 2 doi: 10.1007/s10875-021-00974-z. PMID: 33532887
Frémond ML, Hadchouel A, Berteloot L, Melki I, Bresson V, Barnabei L, Jeremiah N, Belot A, Bondet V, Brocq O, Chan D, Dagher R, Dubus JC, Duffy D, Feuillet-Soummer S, Fusaro M, Gattorno M, Insalaco A, Jeziorski E, Kitabayashi N, Lopez-Corbeto M, Mazingue F, Morren MA, Rice GI, Rivière JG, Seabra L, Sirvente J, Soler-Palacin P, Stremler-Le Bel N, Thouvenin G, Thumerelle C, Van Aerde E, Volpi S, Willcocks S, Wouters C, Breton S, Molina T, Bader-Meunier B, Moshous D, Fischer A, Blanche S, Rieux-Laucat F, Crow YJ, Neven B
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2021 Feb;9(2):803-818.e11. Epub 2020 Nov 18 doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.11.007. PMID: 33217613
Tang X, Xu H, Zhou C, Peng Y, Liu H, Liu J, Li H, Yang H, Zhao S
J Clin Immunol 2020 Jan;40(1):114-122. Epub 2019 Nov 8 doi: 10.1007/s10875-019-00690-9. PMID: 31705453

Therapy

Wu J, Zhou Q, Zhou H, Lu M
Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2023 Oct 26;21(1):131. doi: 10.1186/s12969-023-00916-6. PMID: 37884945Free PMC Article
Berrada KR, Belot A, Neven B, Ohlmann C, Tronc F, Rice G, Thouvenin G, Dubus JC, Mazenq J, Frémond ML, Stremler N, Soummer-Feuillet S, Cottin V, Reix P
J Clin Immunol 2023 Nov;43(8):2156-2164. Epub 2023 Oct 10 doi: 10.1007/s10875-023-01595-4. PMID: 37814086
Tang X, Xu H, Zhou C, Peng Y, Liu H, Liu J, Li H, Yang H, Zhao S
J Clin Immunol 2020 Jan;40(1):114-122. Epub 2019 Nov 8 doi: 10.1007/s10875-019-00690-9. PMID: 31705453
Balci S, Ekinci RMK, de Jesus AA, Goldbach-Mansky R, Yilmaz M
Clin Immunol 2020 Mar;212:108273. Epub 2019 Oct 15 doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.108273. PMID: 31626957
Sanchez GAM, Reinhardt A, Ramsey S, Wittkowski H, Hashkes PJ, Berkun Y, Schalm S, Murias S, Dare JA, Brown D, Stone DL, Gao L, Klausmeier T, Foell D, de Jesus AA, Chapelle DC, Kim H, Dill S, Colbert RA, Failla L, Kost B, O'Brien M, Reynolds JC, Folio LR, Calvo KR, Paul SM, Weir N, Brofferio A, Soldatos A, Biancotto A, Cowen EW, Digiovanna JJ, Gadina M, Lipton AJ, Hadigan C, Holland SM, Fontana J, Alawad AS, Brown RJ, Rother KI, Heller T, Brooks KM, Kumar P, Brooks SR, Waldman M, Singh HK, Nickeleit V, Silk M, Prakash A, Janes JM, Ozen S, Wakim PG, Brogan PA, Macias WL, Goldbach-Mansky R
J Clin Invest 2018 Jul 2;128(7):3041-3052. Epub 2018 Jun 11 doi: 10.1172/JCI98814. PMID: 29649002Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Weidler S, Koss S, Wolf C, Lucas N, Brunner J, Lee-Kirsch MA
Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2024 Jan 4;22(1):9. doi: 10.1186/s12969-023-00934-4. PMID: 38178067Free PMC Article
Frémond ML, Hadchouel A, Berteloot L, Melki I, Bresson V, Barnabei L, Jeremiah N, Belot A, Bondet V, Brocq O, Chan D, Dagher R, Dubus JC, Duffy D, Feuillet-Soummer S, Fusaro M, Gattorno M, Insalaco A, Jeziorski E, Kitabayashi N, Lopez-Corbeto M, Mazingue F, Morren MA, Rice GI, Rivière JG, Seabra L, Sirvente J, Soler-Palacin P, Stremler-Le Bel N, Thouvenin G, Thumerelle C, Van Aerde E, Volpi S, Willcocks S, Wouters C, Breton S, Molina T, Bader-Meunier B, Moshous D, Fischer A, Blanche S, Rieux-Laucat F, Crow YJ, Neven B
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2021 Feb;9(2):803-818.e11. Epub 2020 Nov 18 doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.11.007. PMID: 33217613
Staels F, Betrains A, Doubel P, Willemsen M, Cleemput V, Vanderschueren S, Corveleyn A, Meyts I, Sprangers B, Crow YJ, Humblet-Baron S, Liston A, Schrijvers R
Front Immunol 2020;11:575219. Epub 2020 Sep 29 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575219. PMID: 33133092Free PMC Article
Ma M, Mazumder S, Kwak H, Adams M, Gregory M
J Clin Immunol 2020 Nov;40(8):1111-1115. Epub 2020 Aug 29 doi: 10.1007/s10875-020-00850-2. PMID: 32860170
Kim H, Gunter-Rahman F, McGrath JA, Lee E, de Jesus AA, Targoff IN, Huang Y, O'Hanlon TP, Tsai WL, Gadina M, Miller FW, Goldbach-Mansky R, Rider LG
Arthritis Res Ther 2020 Apr 6;22(1):69. doi: 10.1186/s13075-020-02160-9. PMID: 32252809Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

de Cevins C, Delage L, Batignes M, Riller Q, Luka M, Remaury A, Sorin B, Fali T, Masson C, Hoareau B, Meunier C, Parisot M, Zarhrate M, Pérot BP, García-Paredes V, Carbone F, Galliot L, Nal B, Pierre P, Canard L, Boussard C, Crickx E, Guillemot JC, Bader-Meunier B, Bélot A, Quartier P, Frémond ML, Neven B, Boldina G, Augé F, Alain F, Didier M, Rieux-Laucat F, Ménager MM
Cell Rep Med 2023 Dec 19;4(12):101333. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101333. PMID: 38118407Free PMC Article
David C, Frémond ML
Cells 2022 Jan 18;11(3) doi: 10.3390/cells11030318. PMID: 35159128Free PMC Article
Frémond ML, Hadchouel A, Berteloot L, Melki I, Bresson V, Barnabei L, Jeremiah N, Belot A, Bondet V, Brocq O, Chan D, Dagher R, Dubus JC, Duffy D, Feuillet-Soummer S, Fusaro M, Gattorno M, Insalaco A, Jeziorski E, Kitabayashi N, Lopez-Corbeto M, Mazingue F, Morren MA, Rice GI, Rivière JG, Seabra L, Sirvente J, Soler-Palacin P, Stremler-Le Bel N, Thouvenin G, Thumerelle C, Van Aerde E, Volpi S, Willcocks S, Wouters C, Breton S, Molina T, Bader-Meunier B, Moshous D, Fischer A, Blanche S, Rieux-Laucat F, Crow YJ, Neven B
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2021 Feb;9(2):803-818.e11. Epub 2020 Nov 18 doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.11.007. PMID: 33217613
Sanchez GAM, Reinhardt A, Ramsey S, Wittkowski H, Hashkes PJ, Berkun Y, Schalm S, Murias S, Dare JA, Brown D, Stone DL, Gao L, Klausmeier T, Foell D, de Jesus AA, Chapelle DC, Kim H, Dill S, Colbert RA, Failla L, Kost B, O'Brien M, Reynolds JC, Folio LR, Calvo KR, Paul SM, Weir N, Brofferio A, Soldatos A, Biancotto A, Cowen EW, Digiovanna JJ, Gadina M, Lipton AJ, Hadigan C, Holland SM, Fontana J, Alawad AS, Brown RJ, Rother KI, Heller T, Brooks KM, Kumar P, Brooks SR, Waldman M, Singh HK, Nickeleit V, Silk M, Prakash A, Janes JM, Ozen S, Wakim PG, Brogan PA, Macias WL, Goldbach-Mansky R
J Clin Invest 2018 Jul 2;128(7):3041-3052. Epub 2018 Jun 11 doi: 10.1172/JCI98814. PMID: 29649002Free PMC Article
Tarantino G, Esposito S, Andreozzi L, Bracci B, D'Errico F, Rigante D
Int J Mol Sci 2016 Dec 15;17(12) doi: 10.3390/ijms17122111. PMID: 27983684Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Cetin Gedik K, Lamot L, Romano M, Demirkaya E, Piskin D, Torreggiani S, Adang LA, Armangue T, Barchus K, Cordova DR, Crow YJ, Dale RC, Durrant KL, Eleftheriou D, Fazzi EM, Gattorno M, Gavazzi F, Hanson EP, Lee-Kirsch MA, Montealegre Sanchez GA, Neven B, Orcesi S, Ozen S, Poli MC, Schumacher E, Tonduti D, Uss K, Aletaha D, Feldman BM, Vanderver A, Brogan PA, Goldbach-Mansky R
Arthritis Rheumatol 2022 May;74(5):735-751. Epub 2022 Mar 21 doi: 10.1002/art.42087. PMID: 35315249
Cetin Gedik K, Lamot L, Romano M, Demirkaya E, Piskin D, Torreggiani S, Adang LA, Armangue T, Barchus K, Cordova DR, Crow YJ, Dale RC, Durrant KL, Eleftheriou D, Fazzi EM, Gattorno M, Gavazzi F, Hanson EP, Lee-Kirsch MA, Montealegre Sanchez GA, Neven B, Orcesi S, Ozen S, Poli MC, Schumacher E, Tonduti D, Uss K, Aletaha D, Feldman BM, Vanderver A, Brogan PA, Goldbach-Mansky R
Ann Rheum Dis 2022 May;81(5):601-613. Epub 2022 Jan 27 doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221814. PMID: 35086813Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Recent activity

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...