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Small toe

MedGen UID:
868275
•Concept ID:
C4022667
•
Finding
Synonym: Small toes
 
HPO: HP:0030031

Definition

Significant reduction in both length and girth of the toe compared to the contralateral toe, or alternatively, compared to a typical toe size for an age-matched individual. [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Botulinum Toxin in the Management of Children with Cerebral Palsy.
Multani I, Manji J, Hastings-Ison T, Khot A, Graham K
Paediatr Drugs 2019 Aug;21(4):261-281. doi: 10.1007/s40272-019-00344-8. PMID: 31257556Free PMC Article
Evidence-based Recommendations for Pediatric Orthopaedic Practice.
Mulpuri K, Schaeffer EK, Graham HK, Kocher MS, Sanders J, Zaltz I
J Pediatr Orthop 2018 Apr;38(4):e225-e229. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000000876. PMID: 28430703
Raynaud’s phenomenon - assessment and differential diagnoses.
Linnemann B, Erbe M
Vasa 2015 May;44(3):166-77. doi: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000426. PMID: 26098320

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

The distal metatarsal screw is not always necessary in third-generation MICA: a case-control study.
Harrasser N, Hinterwimmer F, Baumbach SF, Pfahl K, Glowalla C, Walther M, Hörterer H
Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2023 Aug;143(8):4633-4639. Epub 2022 Dec 29 doi: 10.1007/s00402-022-04740-7. PMID: 36577799Free PMC Article
Subungual exostosis and subungual osteochondromas: a description of 25 cases.
Göktay F, Atış G, Güneş P, Macit B, Çelik NS, Gürdal Kösem E
Int J Dermatol 2018 Jul;57(7):872-881. Epub 2018 Apr 27 doi: 10.1111/ijd.14003. PMID: 29704255
Chondrosarcoma of the small toe in an adult with Down syndrome.
Sato C, Susa M, Nakamura Y, Nakagawa T, Rikitake H, Kuroyanagi Y, Matsubara A, Tsuda H, Nemoto K, Chiba K
J Orthop Sci 2018 Mar;23(2):433-437. Epub 2016 Jun 30 doi: 10.1016/j.jos.2016.06.005. PMID: 27372575
Plantar dermatoglyphic features of the Urhobos of southern Nigeria.
Igbigbi PS, Didia BC
East Afr Med J 1999 Dec;76(12):672-5. PMID: 10734536
Gait analysis in hallux valgus.
Blomgren M, Turan I, Agadir M
J Foot Surg 1991 Jan-Feb;30(1):70-1. PMID: 2002190

Diagnosis

Subungual exostosis and subungual osteochondromas: a description of 25 cases.
Göktay F, Atış G, Güneş P, Macit B, Çelik NS, Gürdal Kösem E
Int J Dermatol 2018 Jul;57(7):872-881. Epub 2018 Apr 27 doi: 10.1111/ijd.14003. PMID: 29704255
Chondrosarcoma of the small toe in an adult with Down syndrome.
Sato C, Susa M, Nakamura Y, Nakagawa T, Rikitake H, Kuroyanagi Y, Matsubara A, Tsuda H, Nemoto K, Chiba K
J Orthop Sci 2018 Mar;23(2):433-437. Epub 2016 Jun 30 doi: 10.1016/j.jos.2016.06.005. PMID: 27372575
Radiographic appearance of sesamoid bones in the hands and feet of Malawian subjects.
Msamati BC, Igbigbi PS
Clin Anat 2001 Jul;14(4):248-53. doi: 10.1002/ca.1042. PMID: 11424198
Long latency cutaneous reflex effect on H-reflex recovery in hemiplegics and paraplegics: a longitudinal study for the assessment of motor function.
Chandran AP, Singh H, Kumar P, Marya RK, Maini BK
Int J Neurosci 1989 Oct;48(3-4):347-65. doi: 10.3109/00207458909002181. PMID: 2583951
Relationship of periodic movements in sleep (nocturnal myoclonus) and the Babinski sign.
Smith RC
Sleep 1985;8(3):239-43. doi: 10.1093/sleep/8.3.239. PMID: 3876585

Therapy

Effects of three different stimulations (acupuncture, moxibustion, acupuncture plus moxibustion) of BL.67 acupoint at small toe on fetal behavior of breech presentation.
Neri I, De Pace V, Venturini P, Facchinetti F
Am J Chin Med 2007;35(1):27-33. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X0700459X. PMID: 17265548
Plantar dermatoglyphic features of the Urhobos of southern Nigeria.
Igbigbi PS, Didia BC
East Afr Med J 1999 Dec;76(12):672-5. PMID: 10734536
Deformities of the smaller toes and surgical treatment.
Turan I
J Foot Surg 1990 Mar-Apr;29(2):176-8. PMID: 2338477

Prognosis

Chondrosarcoma of the small toe in an adult with Down syndrome.
Sato C, Susa M, Nakamura Y, Nakagawa T, Rikitake H, Kuroyanagi Y, Matsubara A, Tsuda H, Nemoto K, Chiba K
J Orthop Sci 2018 Mar;23(2):433-437. Epub 2016 Jun 30 doi: 10.1016/j.jos.2016.06.005. PMID: 27372575
Long latency cutaneous reflex effect on H-reflex recovery in hemiplegics and paraplegics: a longitudinal study for the assessment of motor function.
Chandran AP, Singh H, Kumar P, Marya RK, Maini BK
Int J Neurosci 1989 Oct;48(3-4):347-65. doi: 10.3109/00207458909002181. PMID: 2583951

Clinical prediction guides

The distal metatarsal screw is not always necessary in third-generation MICA: a case-control study.
Harrasser N, Hinterwimmer F, Baumbach SF, Pfahl K, Glowalla C, Walther M, Hörterer H
Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2023 Aug;143(8):4633-4639. Epub 2022 Dec 29 doi: 10.1007/s00402-022-04740-7. PMID: 36577799Free PMC Article
Use of Smart Toe(©) implant for small toe arthrodesis: A smart concept?
Khan F, Kimura S, Ahmad T, D'Souza D, D'Souza L
Foot Ankle Surg 2015 Jun;21(2):108-12. Epub 2014 Nov 4 doi: 10.1016/j.fas.2014.10.003. PMID: 25937410
Long latency cutaneous reflex effect on H-reflex recovery in hemiplegics and paraplegics: a longitudinal study for the assessment of motor function.
Chandran AP, Singh H, Kumar P, Marya RK, Maini BK
Int J Neurosci 1989 Oct;48(3-4):347-65. doi: 10.3109/00207458909002181. PMID: 2583951
Long latency inhibition of H-reflex recovery by cutaneous tactile stimulation in man: a cutaneous transcortical reflex.
Chandran AP, Maini BK, Marya RK
Neuroscience 1988 Dec;27(3):1037-48. doi: 10.1016/0306-4522(88)90208-4. PMID: 3252171

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