U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia

MedGen UID:
91093
•Concept ID:
C0346210
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: Dysplasia of vulva; Intraepithelial Neoplasia of the Vulva; intraepithelial neoplasia of the vulva; Intraepithelial Neoplasia of Vulva; intraepithelial neoplasia of vulva; Squamous Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia; squamous vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia; VIN; Vulva Intraepithelial Neoplasia; vulva intraepithelial neoplasia; Vulval intraepithelial neoplasia; Vulval Intraepithelial Neoplasia; vulval intraepithelial neoplasia; Vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN); Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia; vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia; Vulvar intraepithelial tumor; vulvar intraepithelial tumor; vulvar intraepithelial tumour
SNOMED CT: Dysplasia of vulva (399382009); Vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) (399933001); Vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (399933001)
Modes of inheritance:
Not genetically inherited
MedGen UID:
988794
•Concept ID:
CN307044
•
Finding
Source: Orphanet
clinical entity without genetic inheritance.
See: This record
Not genetically inherited (Orphanet)
 
HPO: HP:0032202
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005198
Orphanet: ORPHA137583

Definition

Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is widely accepted as the precursor lesion of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC). VSCC arises via either a human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated pathway, or more commonly, via a mechanism independent of HPV, often being linked to chronic inflammatory conditions such as lichen sclerosus (LS). Accordingly, two distinct subtypes of VIN are recognized [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Diagnosis and Management of Vulvar Skin Disorders: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 224.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Committee on Practice Bulletins—Gynecology
Obstet Gynecol 2020 Jul;136(1):e1-e14. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003944. PMID: 32590724
Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: Classification, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.
Lebreton M, Carton I, Brousse S, Lavoué V, Body G, Levêque J, Nyangoh-Timoh K
J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2020 Nov;49(9):101801. Epub 2020 May 14 doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101801. PMID: 32417455
Management of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia.
Committee on Gynecologic Practice of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology
J Low Genit Tract Dis 2012 Jan;16(1):1-3. doi: 10.1097/LGT.0b013e31823abb27. PMID: 22020407

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Classification of Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Precursor Lesions by p16 and p53 Immunohistochemistry: Considerations, Caveats, and an Algorithmic Approach.
Yang H, Almadani N, Thompson EF, Tessier-Cloutier B, Chen J, Ho J, Senz J, McConechy MK, Chow C, Ta M, Cheng A, Karnezis A, Huvila J, McAlpine JN, Gilks B, Jamieson A, Hoang LN
Mod Pathol 2023 Jun;36(6):100145. Epub 2023 Feb 22 doi: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100145. PMID: 36828360
The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD), the European College for the Study of Vulval Disease (ECSVD) and the European Federation for Colposcopy (EFC) Consensus Statements on Pre-invasive Vulvar Lesions.
Preti M, Joura E, Vieira-Baptista P, Van Beurden M, Bevilacqua F, Bleeker MCG, Bornstein J, Carcopino X, Chargari C, Cruickshank ME, Erzeneoglu BE, Gallio N, Heller D, Kesic V, Reich O, Stockdale CK, Temiz BE, Woelber L, Planchamp F, Zodzika J, Querleu D, Gultekin M
J Low Genit Tract Dis 2022 Jul 1;26(3):229-244. Epub 2022 Jun 21 doi: 10.1097/LGT.0000000000000683. PMID: 35763611Free PMC Article
HPV-independent, p53-wild-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: a review of nomenclature and the journey to characterize verruciform and acanthotic precursor lesions of the vulva.
Parra-Herran C, Nucci MR, Singh N, Rakislova N, Howitt BE, Hoang L, Gilks CB, Bosse T, Watkins JC
Mod Pathol 2022 Oct;35(10):1317-1326. Epub 2022 Apr 18 doi: 10.1038/s41379-022-01079-7. PMID: 35437330
Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: Classification, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.
Lebreton M, Carton I, Brousse S, Lavoué V, Body G, Levêque J, Nyangoh-Timoh K
J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2020 Nov;49(9):101801. Epub 2020 May 14 doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101801. PMID: 32417455
Major p53 immunohistochemical patterns in in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva and correlation with TP53 mutation status.
Tessier-Cloutier B, Kortekaas KE, Thompson E, Pors J, Chen J, Ho J, Prentice LM, McConechy MK, Chow C, Proctor L, McAlpine JN, Huntsman DG, Gilks CB, Bosse T, Hoang LN
Mod Pathol 2020 Aug;33(8):1595-1605. Epub 2020 Mar 20 doi: 10.1038/s41379-020-0524-1. PMID: 32203095

Diagnosis

Classification of Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Precursor Lesions by p16 and p53 Immunohistochemistry: Considerations, Caveats, and an Algorithmic Approach.
Yang H, Almadani N, Thompson EF, Tessier-Cloutier B, Chen J, Ho J, Senz J, McConechy MK, Chow C, Ta M, Cheng A, Karnezis A, Huvila J, McAlpine JN, Gilks B, Jamieson A, Hoang LN
Mod Pathol 2023 Jun;36(6):100145. Epub 2023 Feb 22 doi: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100145. PMID: 36828360
HPV-independent, p53-wild-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: a review of nomenclature and the journey to characterize verruciform and acanthotic precursor lesions of the vulva.
Parra-Herran C, Nucci MR, Singh N, Rakislova N, Howitt BE, Hoang L, Gilks CB, Bosse T, Watkins JC
Mod Pathol 2022 Oct;35(10):1317-1326. Epub 2022 Apr 18 doi: 10.1038/s41379-022-01079-7. PMID: 35437330
Diagnosis and Management of Vulvar Skin Disorders: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 224.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Committee on Practice Bulletins—Gynecology
Obstet Gynecol 2020 Jul;136(1):e1-e14. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003944. PMID: 32590724
Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: Classification, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.
Lebreton M, Carton I, Brousse S, Lavoué V, Body G, Levêque J, Nyangoh-Timoh K
J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2020 Nov;49(9):101801. Epub 2020 May 14 doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101801. PMID: 32417455
Vulvar pruritus-Causes, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Approach.
Woelber L, Prieske K, Mendling W, Schmalfeldt B, Tietz HJ, Jaeger A
Dtsch Arztebl Int 2020 Feb 21;116(8):126-133. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2020.0126. PMID: 32181734Free PMC Article

Therapy

Safety and efficacy of topical artesunate for the treatment of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3.
Michener CM, Ricci S, AlHilli M, Beffa L, Debernardo R, Waggoner SE, Brainard J, Plesa M, Belinson JL, Trimble CL
Gynecol Oncol 2023 Nov;178:102-109. Epub 2023 Oct 14 doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2023.10.003. PMID: 37839312
Prevalence of human papillomavirus DNA and p16(INK4a) positivity in vulvar cancer and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Li Z, Liu P, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Chu R, Li G, Han Q, Zhao Y, Li L, Miao J, Kong B, Song K
Lancet Oncol 2023 Apr;24(4):403-414. Epub 2023 Mar 15 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(23)00066-9. PMID: 36933562
The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD), the European College for the Study of Vulval Disease (ECSVD) and the European Federation for Colposcopy (EFC) Consensus Statements on Pre-invasive Vulvar Lesions.
Preti M, Joura E, Vieira-Baptista P, Van Beurden M, Bevilacqua F, Bleeker MCG, Bornstein J, Carcopino X, Chargari C, Cruickshank ME, Erzeneoglu BE, Gallio N, Heller D, Kesic V, Reich O, Stockdale CK, Temiz BE, Woelber L, Planchamp F, Zodzika J, Querleu D, Gultekin M
J Low Genit Tract Dis 2022 Jul 1;26(3):229-244. Epub 2022 Jun 21 doi: 10.1097/LGT.0000000000000683. PMID: 35763611Free PMC Article
Final efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety analyses of a nine-valent human papillomavirus vaccine in women aged 16-26 years: a randomised, double-blind trial.
Huh WK, Joura EA, Giuliano AR, Iversen OE, de Andrade RP, Ault KA, Bartholomew D, Cestero RM, Fedrizzi EN, Hirschberg AL, Mayrand MH, Ruiz-Sternberg AM, Stapleton JT, Wiley DJ, Ferenczy A, Kurman R, Ronnett BM, Stoler MH, Cuzick J, Garland SM, Kjaer SK, Bautista OM, Haupt R, Moeller E, Ritter M, Roberts CC, Shields C, Luxembourg A
Lancet 2017 Nov 11;390(10108):2143-2159. Epub 2017 Sep 5 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31821-4. PMID: 28886907
Vulvar cancer.
Canavan TP, Cohen D
Am Fam Physician 2002 Oct 1;66(7):1269-74. PMID: 12387439

Prognosis

Classification of Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Precursor Lesions by p16 and p53 Immunohistochemistry: Considerations, Caveats, and an Algorithmic Approach.
Yang H, Almadani N, Thompson EF, Tessier-Cloutier B, Chen J, Ho J, Senz J, McConechy MK, Chow C, Ta M, Cheng A, Karnezis A, Huvila J, McAlpine JN, Gilks B, Jamieson A, Hoang LN
Mod Pathol 2023 Jun;36(6):100145. Epub 2023 Feb 22 doi: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100145. PMID: 36828360
Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: Classification, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.
Lebreton M, Carton I, Brousse S, Lavoué V, Body G, Levêque J, Nyangoh-Timoh K
J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2020 Nov;49(9):101801. Epub 2020 May 14 doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101801. PMID: 32417455
Major p53 immunohistochemical patterns in in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva and correlation with TP53 mutation status.
Tessier-Cloutier B, Kortekaas KE, Thompson E, Pors J, Chen J, Ho J, Prentice LM, McConechy MK, Chow C, Proctor L, McAlpine JN, Huntsman DG, Gilks CB, Bosse T, Hoang LN
Mod Pathol 2020 Aug;33(8):1595-1605. Epub 2020 Mar 20 doi: 10.1038/s41379-020-0524-1. PMID: 32203095
Final efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety analyses of a nine-valent human papillomavirus vaccine in women aged 16-26 years: a randomised, double-blind trial.
Huh WK, Joura EA, Giuliano AR, Iversen OE, de Andrade RP, Ault KA, Bartholomew D, Cestero RM, Fedrizzi EN, Hirschberg AL, Mayrand MH, Ruiz-Sternberg AM, Stapleton JT, Wiley DJ, Ferenczy A, Kurman R, Ronnett BM, Stoler MH, Cuzick J, Garland SM, Kjaer SK, Bautista OM, Haupt R, Moeller E, Ritter M, Roberts CC, Shields C, Luxembourg A
Lancet 2017 Nov 11;390(10108):2143-2159. Epub 2017 Sep 5 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31821-4. PMID: 28886907
Vulvar cancer.
Canavan TP, Cohen D
Am Fam Physician 2002 Oct 1;66(7):1269-74. PMID: 12387439

Clinical prediction guides

Safety and efficacy of topical artesunate for the treatment of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3.
Michener CM, Ricci S, AlHilli M, Beffa L, Debernardo R, Waggoner SE, Brainard J, Plesa M, Belinson JL, Trimble CL
Gynecol Oncol 2023 Nov;178:102-109. Epub 2023 Oct 14 doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2023.10.003. PMID: 37839312
Topical imiquimod versus surgery for vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: a multicentre, randomised, phase 3, non-inferiority trial.
Trutnovsky G, Reich O, Joura EA, Holter M, Ciresa-König A, Widschwendter A, Schauer C, Bogner G, Jan Z, Boandl A, Kalteis MS, Regauer S, Tamussino K
Lancet 2022 May 7;399(10337):1790-1798. Epub 2022 Apr 25 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00469-X. PMID: 35483400
Major p53 immunohistochemical patterns in in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva and correlation with TP53 mutation status.
Tessier-Cloutier B, Kortekaas KE, Thompson E, Pors J, Chen J, Ho J, Prentice LM, McConechy MK, Chow C, Proctor L, McAlpine JN, Huntsman DG, Gilks CB, Bosse T, Hoang LN
Mod Pathol 2020 Aug;33(8):1595-1605. Epub 2020 Mar 20 doi: 10.1038/s41379-020-0524-1. PMID: 32203095
HPV status and favourable outcome in vulvar squamous cancer.
Wakeham K, Kavanagh K, Cuschieri K, Millan D, Pollock KG, Bell S, Burton K, Reed NS, Graham SV
Int J Cancer 2017 Mar 1;140(5):1134-1146. doi: 10.1002/ijc.30523. PMID: 27864932
Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: clinical presentation, management and outcomes in women infected with HIV.
Bradbury M, Cabrera S, García-Jiménez A, Franco-Camps S, Sánchez-Iglesias JL, Díaz-Feijoo B, Pérez-Benavente A, Gil-Moreno A, Centeno-Mediavilla C
AIDS 2016 Mar 27;30(6):859-68. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000984. PMID: 26959352

Recent systematic reviews

Prevalence of human papillomavirus DNA and p16(INK4a) positivity in vulvar cancer and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Li Z, Liu P, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Chu R, Li G, Han Q, Zhao Y, Li L, Miao J, Kong B, Song K
Lancet Oncol 2023 Apr;24(4):403-414. Epub 2023 Mar 15 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(23)00066-9. PMID: 36933562
A Systematic Review of Risk Factors for Development, Recurrence, and Progression of Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia.
Jamieson A, Tse SS, Brar H, Sadownik LA, Proctor L
J Low Genit Tract Dis 2022 Apr 1;26(2):140-146. doi: 10.1097/LGT.0000000000000662. PMID: 35249976
HPV catch-up vaccination of young women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Couto E, Sæterdal I, Juvet LK, Klemp M
BMC Public Health 2014 Aug 23;14:867. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-867. PMID: 25149765Free PMC Article
Human papillomavirus type-distribution in vulvar and vaginal cancers and their associated precursors.
Smith JS, Backes DM, Hoots BE, Kurman RJ, Pimenta JM
Obstet Gynecol 2009 Apr;113(4):917-924. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31819bd6e0. PMID: 19305339
Is the assumed natural history of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia III based on enough evidence? A systematic review of 3322 published patients.
van Seters M, van Beurden M, de Craen AJ
Gynecol Oncol 2005 May;97(2):645-51. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.02.012. PMID: 15863172

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Reviews

    Related information

    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...