U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Cerebrospinal fluid leak

MedGen UID:
9695
•Concept ID:
C0023182
•
Pathologic Function
Synonyms: CSF leak; CSF otorrhea; CSF rhinorrhea; Spinal CSF leak
SNOMED CT: Cerebrospinal fluid leakage (73965003); Cerebrospinal fluid leak (230744007); CSF - Cerebrospinal fluid leak (230744007)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0043327

Definition

The loss of cerebrospinal fluid into the surrounding tissues. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVCerebrospinal fluid leak

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Multidisciplinary consensus guideline for the diagnosis and management of spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
Cheema S, Anderson J, Angus-Leppan H, Armstrong P, Butteriss D, Carlton Jones L, Choi D, Chotai A, D'Antona L, Davagnanam I, Davies B, Dorman PJ, Duncan C, Ellis S, Iodice V, Joy C, Lagrata S, Mead S, Morland D, Nissen J, Pople J, Redfern N, Sayal PP, Scoffings D, Secker R, Toma AK, Trevarthen T, Walkden J, Beck J, Kranz PG, Schievink W, Wang SJ, Matharu MS
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2023 Oct;94(10):835-843. Epub 2023 May 5 doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2023-331166. PMID: 37147116Free PMC Article
ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Sinonasal Disease: 2021 Update.
Expert Panel on Neurological Imaging, Hagiwara M, Policeni B, Juliano AF, Agarwal M, Burns J, Dubey P, Friedman ER, Gule-Monroe MK, Jain V, Lam K, Patino M, Rath TJ, Shian B, Subramaniam RM, Taheri MR, Zander D, Corey AS
J Am Coll Radiol 2022 May;19(5S):S175-S193. doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2022.02.011. PMID: 35550800
Management of Diabetes Insipidus following Surgery for Pituitary and Suprasellar Tumours.
Almalki MH, Ahmad MM, Brema I, Almehthel M, AlDahmani KM, Mahzari M, Beshyah SA
Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2021 Aug;21(3):354-364. Epub 2021 Aug 29 doi: 10.18295/squmj.4.2021.010. PMID: 34522399Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Multidisciplinary consensus guideline for the diagnosis and management of spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
Cheema S, Anderson J, Angus-Leppan H, Armstrong P, Butteriss D, Carlton Jones L, Choi D, Chotai A, D'Antona L, Davagnanam I, Davies B, Dorman PJ, Duncan C, Ellis S, Iodice V, Joy C, Lagrata S, Mead S, Morland D, Nissen J, Pople J, Redfern N, Sayal PP, Scoffings D, Secker R, Toma AK, Trevarthen T, Walkden J, Beck J, Kranz PG, Schievink W, Wang SJ, Matharu MS
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2023 Oct;94(10):835-843. Epub 2023 May 5 doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2023-331166. PMID: 37147116Free PMC Article
Postoperative Care from the Rhinologic and Neurological Perspectives.
Lee SE, Snyderman CH, Gardner PA
Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2022 Apr;55(2):459-467. Epub 2022 Mar 4 doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2021.12.012. PMID: 35256174
Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension.
Wang SJ
Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2021 Jun 1;27(3):746-766. doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000979. PMID: 34048402
Diagnosis and management of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid fistula and encephaloceles.
Kutz JW Jr, Tolisano AM
Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019 Oct;27(5):369-375. doi: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000000568. PMID: 31361611
Update on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension.
Kranz PG, Malinzak MD, Amrhein TJ, Gray L
Curr Pain Headache Rep 2017 Aug;21(8):37. doi: 10.1007/s11916-017-0639-3. PMID: 28755201

Diagnosis

Multidisciplinary consensus guideline for the diagnosis and management of spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
Cheema S, Anderson J, Angus-Leppan H, Armstrong P, Butteriss D, Carlton Jones L, Choi D, Chotai A, D'Antona L, Davagnanam I, Davies B, Dorman PJ, Duncan C, Ellis S, Iodice V, Joy C, Lagrata S, Mead S, Morland D, Nissen J, Pople J, Redfern N, Sayal PP, Scoffings D, Secker R, Toma AK, Trevarthen T, Walkden J, Beck J, Kranz PG, Schievink W, Wang SJ, Matharu MS
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2023 Oct;94(10):835-843. Epub 2023 May 5 doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2023-331166. PMID: 37147116Free PMC Article
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: searching for the CSF leak.
Dobrocky T, Nicholson P, Häni L, Mordasini P, Krings T, Brinjikji W, Cutsforth-Gregory JK, Schär R, Schankin C, Gralla J, Pereira VM, Raabe A, Farb R, Beck J, Piechowiak EI
Lancet Neurol 2022 Apr;21(4):369-380. Epub 2022 Feb 25 doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00423-3. PMID: 35227413
Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension.
Schievink WI
N Engl J Med 2021 Dec 2;385(23):2173-2178. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra2101561. PMID: 34874632
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: diagnostic and therapeutic workup.
Luetzen N, Dovi-Akue P, Fung C, Beck J, Urbach H
Neuroradiology 2021 Nov;63(11):1765-1772. Epub 2021 Jul 23 doi: 10.1007/s00234-021-02766-z. PMID: 34297176Free PMC Article
Spinal subdural hygroma.
Sneyers B, Ramboer K
Acta Neurol Belg 2021 Apr;121(2):311-319. Epub 2021 Jan 3 doi: 10.1007/s13760-020-01558-1. PMID: 33393068

Therapy

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
Cheema S, Mehta D, Qureshi A, Sayal P, Kamourieh S, Davagnanam I, Matharu M
Pract Neurol 2024 Mar 19;24(2):98-105. doi: 10.1136/pn-2023-003986. PMID: 38135500Free PMC Article
Multidisciplinary consensus guideline for the diagnosis and management of spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
Cheema S, Anderson J, Angus-Leppan H, Armstrong P, Butteriss D, Carlton Jones L, Choi D, Chotai A, D'Antona L, Davagnanam I, Davies B, Dorman PJ, Duncan C, Ellis S, Iodice V, Joy C, Lagrata S, Mead S, Morland D, Nissen J, Pople J, Redfern N, Sayal PP, Scoffings D, Secker R, Toma AK, Trevarthen T, Walkden J, Beck J, Kranz PG, Schievink W, Wang SJ, Matharu MS
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2023 Oct;94(10):835-843. Epub 2023 May 5 doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2023-331166. PMID: 37147116Free PMC Article
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: updates from diagnosis to treatment.
Farnsworth PJ, Madhavan AA, Verdoorn JT, Shlapak DP, Johnson DR, Cutsforth-Gregory JK, Brinjikji W, Lehman VT
Neuroradiology 2023 Feb;65(2):233-243. Epub 2022 Nov 7 doi: 10.1007/s00234-022-03079-5. PMID: 36336758
Man With Headache.
Sutton J, Mann M, Zuckerman M
Ann Emerg Med 2022 Jan;79(1):e1-e2. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.07.111. PMID: 34949418
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage after Thoracic Decompression.
Hu PP, Liu XG, Yu M
Chin Med J (Engl) 2016 Aug 20;129(16):1994-2000. doi: 10.4103/0366-6999.187854. PMID: 27503026Free PMC Article

Prognosis

New Tools and Techniques to Prevent CSF Leak in Cranial and Spinal Surgery.
Rapisarda A, Orlando V, Izzo A, D'Ercole M, Polli FM, Visocchi M, Montano N
Surg Technol Int 2022 May 19;40:399-403. doi: 10.52198/22.STI.40.NS1577. PMID: 35443285
Pediatric Facial Trauma.
Andrew TW, Morbia R, Lorenz HP
Clin Plast Surg 2019 Apr;46(2):239-247. Epub 2019 Feb 2 doi: 10.1016/j.cps.2018.11.008. PMID: 30851755
Delayed Complications After Transsphenoidal Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas.
Alzhrani G, Sivakumar W, Park MS, Taussky P, Couldwell WT
World Neurosurg 2018 Jan;109:233-241. Epub 2017 Oct 5 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.09.192. PMID: 28989047
Cervical epidural blood patch--A literature review.
Kapoor SG, Ahmed S
Pain Med 2015 Oct;16(10):1897-904. Epub 2015 Jun 30 doi: 10.1111/pme.12793. PMID: 26122010
Intracranial hypotension and hypertension in children and adolescents.
Ozge A, Bolay H
Curr Pain Headache Rep 2014 Jul;18(7):430. doi: 10.1007/s11916-014-0430-7. PMID: 24880802

Clinical prediction guides

The role of reoperation after recurrence of Cushing's disease.
Cardinal T, Zada G, Carmichael JD
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021 Mar;35(2):101489. Epub 2021 Feb 6 doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101489. PMID: 33814302
Prediction of Postoperative Risk of Raised Intracranial Pressure After Spontaneous Skull Base Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Repair.
Buchowicz B, Chen BS, Bidot S, Bruce BB, Newman NJ, Saindane AM, Levy JM, Biousse V; CSF-Leak Study Group
J Neuroophthalmol 2021 Dec 1;41(4):e490-e497. doi: 10.1097/WNO.0000000000001118. PMID: 33734152Free PMC Article
Predicting complications of pediatric temporal bone fractures.
Dedhia RD, Chin OY, Kaufman M, Hsieh TY, Diaz RC, Brodie HA, Funamura JL
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020 Nov;138:110358. Epub 2020 Sep 1 doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110358. PMID: 32906079
Assessing Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension With a Scoring System Based on Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings.
Dobrocky T, Grunder L, Breiding PS, Branca M, Limacher A, Mosimann PJ, Mordasini P, Zibold F, Haeni L, Jesse CM, Fung C, Raabe A, Ulrich CT, Gralla J, Beck J, Piechowiak EI
JAMA Neurol 2019 May 1;76(5):580-587. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.4921. PMID: 30776059Free PMC Article
Autoantibodies and pain.
Dawes JM, Vincent A
Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2016 Jun;10(2):137-42. doi: 10.1097/SPC.0000000000000211. PMID: 27100817

Recent systematic reviews

Intraoperative Ultrasonography in Pituitary Surgery Revisited: An Institutional Experience and Systematic Review on Applications and Considerations.
Mosallami Aghili SM, Maroufi SF, Sabahi M, Esmaeilzadeh M, Dabecco R, Adada B, Borghei-Razavi H
World Neurosurg 2023 Aug;176:149-158. Epub 2023 May 8 doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.04.126. PMID: 37164206
Multidisciplinary consensus guideline for the diagnosis and management of spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
Cheema S, Anderson J, Angus-Leppan H, Armstrong P, Butteriss D, Carlton Jones L, Choi D, Chotai A, D'Antona L, Davagnanam I, Davies B, Dorman PJ, Duncan C, Ellis S, Iodice V, Joy C, Lagrata S, Mead S, Morland D, Nissen J, Pople J, Redfern N, Sayal PP, Scoffings D, Secker R, Toma AK, Trevarthen T, Walkden J, Beck J, Kranz PG, Schievink W, Wang SJ, Matharu MS
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2023 Oct;94(10):835-843. Epub 2023 May 5 doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2023-331166. PMID: 37147116Free PMC Article
Successful outcomes with flaps for recurrent cerebrospinal fluid leaks: A systematic review of the literature.
Zogheib S, Hanna C, Daou B, Mjaess G, Sleilati F
J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2022 Apr;75(4):1380-1388. Epub 2022 Jan 22 doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.01.022. PMID: 35168923
Diagnosis and Localization of Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea: A Systematic Review.
Xie M, Zhou K, Kachra S, McHugh T, Sommer DD
Am J Rhinol Allergy 2022 May;36(3):397-406. Epub 2021 Nov 30 doi: 10.1177/19458924211060918. PMID: 34846218Free PMC Article
A systematic review of secondary cerebrospinal fluid leaks.
Konuthula N, Khan MN, Del Signore A, Govindaraj S, Shrivastava R, Iloreta AM
Am J Rhinol Allergy 2017 Nov 1;31(6):48-56. doi: 10.2500/ajra.2017.31.4487. PMID: 29122076

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Reviews

    Related information

    • MeSH
      Related Medical Subject Headings
    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...