From HPO
Urinary urgency- MedGen UID:
- 39315
- •Concept ID:
- C0085606
- •
- Finding
Urge incontinence is the strong, sudden need to urinate.
Absent Achilles reflex- MedGen UID:
- 108240
- •Concept ID:
- C0558845
- •
- Finding
Absence of the Achilles reflex (also known as the ankle jerk reflex), which can normally be elicited by tapping the tendon is tapped while the foot is dorsiflexed.
Pes cavus- MedGen UID:
- 675590
- •Concept ID:
- C0728829
- •
- Congenital Abnormality
An increase in height of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot that does not flatten on weight bearing (i.e., a distinctly hollow form of the sole of the foot when it is bearing weight).
Hammertoe- MedGen UID:
- 209712
- •Concept ID:
- C1136179
- •
- Anatomical Abnormality
Hyperextension of the metatarsal-phalangeal joint with hyperflexion of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint.
Swan neck-like deformities of the fingers- MedGen UID:
- 336516
- •Concept ID:
- C1849152
- •
- Finding
A swan neck deformity describes a finger with a hyperextended PIP joint and a flexed DIP joint. The most common cause for a swan neck-like deformity is a disruption of the end of the extensor tendon. Conditions that loosen the PIP joint and allow it to hyperextend, for example conditions that weaken the volar plate, can produce a swan neck deformity of the finger. One example is rheumatoid arthritis. Another cause are conditions that tighten up the small (intrinsic) muscles of the hand and fingers, for example hand trauma or nerve disorders, such as cerebral palsy, Parkinson's disease, or stroke.
Cerebellar ataxia- MedGen UID:
- 849
- •Concept ID:
- C0007758
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).
Dysarthria- MedGen UID:
- 8510
- •Concept ID:
- C0013362
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Dysarthric speech is a general description referring to a neurological speech disorder characterized by poor articulation. Depending on the involved neurological structures, dysarthria may be further classified as spastic, flaccid, ataxic, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic, or mixed.
Spasticity- MedGen UID:
- 7753
- •Concept ID:
- C0026838
- •
- Sign or Symptom
A motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone, exaggerated (hyperexcitable) tendon reflexes.
Babinski sign- MedGen UID:
- 19708
- •Concept ID:
- C0034935
- •
- Finding
Upturning of the big toe (and sometimes fanning of the other toes) in response to stimulation of the sole of the foot. If the Babinski sign is present it can indicate damage to the corticospinal tract.
Falls- MedGen UID:
- 39084
- •Concept ID:
- C0085639
- •
- Finding
A sudden movement downward, usually resulting in injury.
Hyperreflexia- MedGen UID:
- 57738
- •Concept ID:
- C0151889
- •
- Finding
Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles.
Spastic gait- MedGen UID:
- 115907
- •Concept ID:
- C0231687
- •
- Finding
Spasticity is manifested by increased stretch reflex which is intensified with movement velocity. This results in excessive and inappropriate muscle activation which can contribute to muscle hypertonia. Spastic gait is characterized by manifestations such as muscle hypertonia, stiff knee, and circumduction of the leg.
Dysmetria- MedGen UID:
- 68583
- •Concept ID:
- C0234162
- •
- Finding
A type of ataxia characterized by the inability to carry out movements with the correct range and motion across the plane of more than one joint related to incorrect estimation of the distances required for targeted movements.
Hyperactive patellar reflex- MedGen UID:
- 66003
- •Concept ID:
- C0240116
- •
- Finding
Scanning speech- MedGen UID:
- 116113
- •Concept ID:
- C0240952
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
An abnormal pattern of speech in which the words are as if measured or scanned; there is a pause after every syllable, and the syllables themselves are pronounced slowly.
Cerebellar vermis atrophy- MedGen UID:
- 149271
- •Concept ID:
- C0742028
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Wasting (atrophy) of the vermis of cerebellum.
Upper motor neuron dysfunction- MedGen UID:
- 333241
- •Concept ID:
- C1839042
- •
- Pathologic Function
A functional anomaly of the upper motor neuron. The upper motor neurons are neurons of the primary motor cortex which project to the brainstem and spinal chord via the corticonuclear, corticobulbar and corticospinal (pyramidal) tracts. They are involved in control of voluntary movements. Dysfunction leads to weakness, impairment of fine motor movements, spasticity, hyperreflexia and abnormal pyramidal signs.
Progressive gait ataxia- MedGen UID:
- 375309
- •Concept ID:
- C1843885
- •
- Finding
A type of gait ataxia displaying progression of clinical severity.
Distal sensory impairment- MedGen UID:
- 335722
- •Concept ID:
- C1847584
- •
- Finding
An abnormal reduction in sensation in the distal portions of the extremities.
Onion bulb formation- MedGen UID:
- 376237
- •Concept ID:
- C1847906
- •
- Finding
Repeated episodes of segmental demyelination and remyelination lead to the accumulation of supernumerary Schwann cells around axons, which is referred to as onion bulb formation. This finding affects peripheral nerves.
Impaired vibration sensation in the lower limbs- MedGen UID:
- 338617
- •Concept ID:
- C1849134
- •
- Finding
A decrease in the ability to perceive vibration in the legs.
Progressive truncal ataxia- MedGen UID:
- 341389
- •Concept ID:
- C1849143
- •
- Finding
Loss of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar vermis- MedGen UID:
- 336510
- •Concept ID:
- C1849146
- •
- Finding
Decreased sensory nerve conduction velocity- MedGen UID:
- 336512
- •Concept ID:
- C1849148
- •
- Finding
Reduced speed of conduction of the action potential along a sensory nerve.
Spastic ataxia- MedGen UID:
- 376528
- •Concept ID:
- C1849156
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Decreased motor nerve conduction velocity- MedGen UID:
- 388130
- •Concept ID:
- C1858729
- •
- Finding
A type of decreased nerve conduction velocity that affects the motor neuron.
Decreased number of large peripheral myelinated nerve fibers- MedGen UID:
- 395303
- •Concept ID:
- C1859606
- •
- Finding
A reduced number of large myelinated nerve fibers.
Intellectual disability- MedGen UID:
- 811461
- •Concept ID:
- C3714756
- •
- Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Pontine T2 hypointensity- MedGen UID:
- 1841706
- •Concept ID:
- C5826898
- •
- Finding
A darker than expected T2 signal on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pons.
Scoliosis- MedGen UID:
- 11348
- •Concept ID:
- C0036439
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
Distal muscle weakness- MedGen UID:
- 140883
- •Concept ID:
- C0427065
- •
- Finding
Reduced strength of the musculature of the distal extremities.
Peroneal muscle atrophy- MedGen UID:
- 810815
- •Concept ID:
- C1389118
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Atrophy of the peroneous muscles, peroneus longus (also known as Fibularis longus), Peroneus brevis (also known as fibularis brevis, and Peroneus tertius (also known as fibularis tertius).
Distal amyotrophy- MedGen UID:
- 338530
- •Concept ID:
- C1848736
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Muscular atrophy affecting muscles in the distal portions of the extremities.
Nystagmus- MedGen UID:
- 45166
- •Concept ID:
- C0028738
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.
Impaired smooth pursuit- MedGen UID:
- 325176
- •Concept ID:
- C1837458
- •
- Finding
An impairment of the ability to track objects with the ocular smooth pursuit system, a class of rather slow eye movements that minimizes retinal target motion.
Hypermyelinated retinal nerve fibers- MedGen UID:
- 336515
- •Concept ID:
- C1849151
- •
- Finding
- Abnormality of limbs
- Abnormality of the eye
- Abnormality of the genitourinary system
- Abnormality of the musculoskeletal system
- Abnormality of the nervous system