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Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 30(SCAR30)

MedGen UID:
1778853
Concept ID:
C5543620
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: SCAR30; SPINOCEREBELLAR ATAXIA, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 30
 
Gene (location): PITRM1 (10p15.2)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0030318
OMIM®: 619405

Definition

Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia-30 (SCAR30) is a progressive neurologic disorder characterized by childhood-onset global developmental delay with variably impaired intellectual development, motor dysfunction, and cerebellar ataxia. Affected individuals may also have psychiatric abnormalities, such as obsessive behavior, psychotic episodes, or hallucinations. Brain imaging usually shows cerebellar atrophy, although this may be an age-dependent feature (summary by Langer et al., 2018). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Cerebellar ataxia
MedGen UID:
849
Concept ID:
C0007758
Disease or Syndrome
Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).
Intellectual disability, mild
MedGen UID:
10044
Concept ID:
C0026106
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Mild intellectual disability is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 50-69.
Tremor
MedGen UID:
21635
Concept ID:
C0040822
Sign or Symptom
An unintentional, oscillating to-and-fro muscle movement about a joint axis.
Unsteady gait
MedGen UID:
68544
Concept ID:
C0231686
Finding
A shaky or wobbly manner of walking.
Titubation
MedGen UID:
488794
Concept ID:
C0231690
Sign or Symptom
Nodding movement of the head or body.
Dysmetria
MedGen UID:
68583
Concept ID:
C0234162
Finding
A type of ataxia characterized by the inability to carry out movements with the correct range and motion across the plane of more than one joint related to incorrect estimation of the distances required for targeted movements.
Cerebral atrophy
MedGen UID:
116012
Concept ID:
C0235946
Disease or Syndrome
Atrophy (wasting, decrease in size of cells or tissue) affecting the cerebrum.
Psychotic episodes
MedGen UID:
90930
Concept ID:
C0338614
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Periods of time during which an individual experiences significant disturbances in their thoughts, perceptions, emotions, and behavior, resulting in a loss of touch with reality. These episodes are hallmark features of psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and certain forms of bipolar disorder.
Global developmental delay
MedGen UID:
107838
Concept ID:
C0557874
Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Compulsive behaviors
MedGen UID:
109373
Concept ID:
C0600104
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Behavior that consists of repetitive acts, characterized by the feeling that one "has to" perform them, while being aware that these acts are not in line with one's overall goal.
Cerebellar atrophy
MedGen UID:
196624
Concept ID:
C0740279
Disease or Syndrome
Cerebellar atrophy is defined as a cerebellum with initially normal structures, in a posterior fossa with normal size, which displays enlarged fissures (interfolial spaces) in comparison to the foliae secondary to loss of tissue. Cerebellar atrophy implies irreversible loss of tissue and result from an ongoing progressive disease until a final stage is reached or a single injury, e.g. an intoxication or infectious event.
Brisk reflexes
MedGen UID:
382164
Concept ID:
C2673700
Finding
Tendon reflexes that are noticeably more active than usual (conventionally denoted 3+ on clinical examination). Brisk reflexes may or may not indicate a neurological lesion. They are distinguished from hyperreflexia by the fact that hyerreflexia is characterized by hyperactive repeating (clonic) reflexes, which are considered to be always abnormal.
Intellectual disability
MedGen UID:
811461
Concept ID:
C3714756
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Elevated circulating creatine kinase concentration
MedGen UID:
69128
Concept ID:
C0241005
Finding
An elevation of the level of the enzyme creatine kinase (also known as creatine phosphokinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) in the blood. CK levels can be elevated in a number of clinical disorders such as myocardial infarction, rhabdomyolysis, and muscular dystrophy.
Increased circulating lactate concentration
MedGen UID:
332209
Concept ID:
C1836440
Finding
Abnormally increased level of blood lactate (2-hydroxypropanoic acid). Lactate is produced from pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase during normal metabolism. The terms lactate and lactic acid are often used interchangeably but lactate (the component measured in blood) is strictly a weak base whereas lactic acid is the corresponding acid. Lactic acidosis is often used clinically to describe elevated lactate but should be reserved for cases where there is a corresponding acidosis (pH below 7.35).
Increased serum pyruvate
MedGen UID:
376596
Concept ID:
C1849488
Finding
An increased concentration of pyruvate in the blood.
Increased circulating lactate dehydrogenase concentration
MedGen UID:
1377250
Concept ID:
C4477095
Finding
An elevated level of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase in the blood circulation.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

van Os NJ, Roeleveld N, Weemaes CM, Jongmans MC, Janssens GO, Taylor AM, Hoogerbrugge N, Willemsen MA
Clin Genet 2016 Aug;90(2):105-17. Epub 2016 Jan 20 doi: 10.1111/cge.12710. PMID: 26662178
van de Warrenburg BP, van Gaalen J, Boesch S, Burgunder JM, Dürr A, Giunti P, Klockgether T, Mariotti C, Pandolfo M, Riess O
Eur J Neurol 2014 Apr;21(4):552-62. Epub 2014 Jan 13 doi: 10.1111/ene.12341. PMID: 24418350

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Theis M, Donath H, Woelke S, Bakhtiar S, Salzmann-Manrique E, Zielen S, Kieslich M
Eur J Neurol 2023 Dec;30(12):3842-3853. Epub 2023 Aug 16 doi: 10.1111/ene.16028. PMID: 37540892
van Os NJ, Roeleveld N, Weemaes CM, Jongmans MC, Janssens GO, Taylor AM, Hoogerbrugge N, Willemsen MA
Clin Genet 2016 Aug;90(2):105-17. Epub 2016 Jan 20 doi: 10.1111/cge.12710. PMID: 26662178
Berciano J, García A, Infante J
Handb Clin Neurol 2013;115:907-32. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52902-2.00051-5. PMID: 23931821
Finsterer J
Can J Neurol Sci 2009 Jul;36(4):409-28. doi: 10.1017/s0317167100007733. PMID: 19650351
Hamel CP
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2007 Feb 1;2:7. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-2-7. PMID: 17270046Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Arias M, Mir P, Fernández-Matarrubia M, Arpa J, García-Ramos R, Blanco-Arias P, Quintans B, Sobrido MJ
Neurologia (Engl Ed) 2022 May;37(4):257-262. Epub 2021 Apr 10 doi: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2019.01.014. PMID: 35595401
Suspitsin E, Sokolenko A, Bizin I, Tumakova A, Guseva M, Sokolova N, Vakhlyarskaya S, Kondratenko I, Imyanitov E
Eur J Med Genet 2020 Jan;63(1):103630. Epub 2019 Feb 14 doi: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.02.003. PMID: 30772474
Amirifar P, Ranjouri MR, Yazdani R, Abolhassani H, Aghamohammadi A
Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2019 May;30(3):277-288. Epub 2019 Mar 20 doi: 10.1111/pai.13020. PMID: 30685876
Hamel CP
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2007 Feb 1;2:7. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-2-7. PMID: 17270046Free PMC Article
Borg M
Neurophysiol Clin 2006 Sep-Dec;36(5-6):309-18. Epub 2007 Jan 17 doi: 10.1016/j.neucli.2006.12.006. PMID: 17336775

Therapy

Pilotto F, Chellapandi DM, Puccio H
Trends Mol Med 2024 Feb;30(2):117-125. Epub 2024 Jan 24 doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.12.002. PMID: 38272714
Pommerening H, van Dullemen S, Kieslich M, Schubert R, Zielen S, Voss S
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015 Dec 9;10:155. doi: 10.1186/s13023-015-0373-z. PMID: 26645295Free PMC Article
Reetz K, Dogan I, Costa AS, Dafotakis M, Fedosov K, Giunti P, Parkinson MH, Sweeney MG, Mariotti C, Panzeri M, Nanetti L, Arpa J, Sanz-Gallego I, Durr A, Charles P, Boesch S, Nachbauer W, Klopstock T, Karin I, Depondt C, vom Hagen JM, Schöls L, Giordano IA, Klockgether T, Bürk K, Pandolfo M, Schulz JB
Lancet Neurol 2015 Feb;14(2):174-82. Epub 2015 Jan 5 doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70321-7. PMID: 25566998
Yang WZ, Zhang Y, Wu F, Zhang M, Cho SC, Li CZ, Li SH, Shu GJ, Sheng YX, Zhao N, Tang Y, Jiang S, Jiang S, Gandjian M, Ichim TE, Hu X
J Transl Med 2011 May 16;9:65. doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-65. PMID: 21575250Free PMC Article
Bouhlal Y, Amouri R, El Euch-Fayeche G, Hentati F
Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2011 Jul;17(6):418-22. Epub 2011 Mar 30 doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2011.03.005. PMID: 21450511

Prognosis

Zhang D, Dai L, Zhou Z, Hu J, Bai Y, Guo H
Clin Chim Acta 2019 Jul;494:64-70. Epub 2019 Mar 12 doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.1609. PMID: 30871974
Mancini C, Giorgio E, Rubegni A, Pradotto L, Bagnoli S, Rubino E, Prontera P, Cavalieri S, Di Gregorio E, Ferrero M, Pozzi E, Riberi E, Ferrero P, Nigro P, Mauro A, Zibetti M, Tessa A, Barghigiani M, Antenora A, Sirchia F, Piacentini S, Silvestri G, De Michele G, Filla A, Orsi L, Santorelli FM, Brusco A
Eur J Neurol 2019 Jan;26(1):80-86. Epub 2018 Sep 3 doi: 10.1111/ene.13768. PMID: 30098094
van de Warrenburg BP, van Gaalen J, Boesch S, Burgunder JM, Dürr A, Giunti P, Klockgether T, Mariotti C, Pandolfo M, Riess O
Eur J Neurol 2014 Apr;21(4):552-62. Epub 2014 Jan 13 doi: 10.1111/ene.12341. PMID: 24418350
Prodosmo A, De Amicis A, Nisticò C, Gabriele M, Di Rocco G, Monteonofrio L, Piane M, Cundari E, Chessa L, Soddu S
J Clin Invest 2013 Mar;123(3):1335-42. Epub 2013 Feb 1 doi: 10.1172/JCI67289. PMID: 23454770Free PMC Article
Hamel CP
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2007 Feb 1;2:7. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-2-7. PMID: 17270046Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Theis M, Donath H, Woelke S, Bakhtiar S, Salzmann-Manrique E, Zielen S, Kieslich M
Eur J Neurol 2023 Dec;30(12):3842-3853. Epub 2023 Aug 16 doi: 10.1111/ene.16028. PMID: 37540892
Bryant D, Seda M, Peskett E, Maurer C, Pomeranz G, Ghosh M, Hawkins TA, Cleak J, Datta S, Hariri H, Eckert KM, Jafree DJ, Walsh C, Demetriou C, Ishida M, Alemán-Charlet C, Vestito L, Seselgyte R, McDonald JG, Bitner-Glindzicz M, Hemberger M, Rihel J, Teboul L, Henne WM, Jenkins D, Moore GE, Stanier P
Sci Rep 2020 Aug 13;10(1):13763. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-70797-2. PMID: 32792680Free PMC Article
Havla J, Moser M, Sztatecsny C, Lotz-Havla AS, Maier EM, Hizli B, Schinner R, Kümpfel T, Strupp M, Bremova-Ertl T, Schneider SA
J Neurol 2020 Jul;267(7):2070-2082. Epub 2020 Mar 28 doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-09796-2. PMID: 32222928Free PMC Article
Borg M
Neurophysiol Clin 2006 Sep-Dec;36(5-6):309-18. Epub 2007 Jan 17 doi: 10.1016/j.neucli.2006.12.006. PMID: 17336775
Rantamäki M, Krahe R, Paetau A, Cormand B, Mononen I, Udd B
Neurology 2001 Sep 25;57(6):1043-9. doi: 10.1212/wnl.57.6.1043. PMID: 11571332

Recent systematic reviews

van Os NJ, Roeleveld N, Weemaes CM, Jongmans MC, Janssens GO, Taylor AM, Hoogerbrugge N, Willemsen MA
Clin Genet 2016 Aug;90(2):105-17. Epub 2016 Jan 20 doi: 10.1111/cge.12710. PMID: 26662178

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