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Matthew-Wood syndrome(MCOPS9)

MedGen UID:
318679
Concept ID:
C1832661
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: ANOPHTHALMIA, CLINICAL, WITH MILD FACIAL DYSMORPHISM AND VARIABLE MALFORMATIONS OF THE LUNG, HEART, AND DIAPHRAGM; Anophthalmia/microphthalmia and pulmonary hypoplasia; Clinical anophthalmia mild facial dysmorphism lung heart and diaphragm malformations; MCOPS9; Microphthalmia syndromic 9; Pulmonary agenesis microphthalmi and diaphragmatic defect; PULMONARY AGENESIS, MICROPHTHALMIA, AND DIAPHRAGMATIC DEFECT; Spear syndrome
SNOMED CT: Anophthalmia with pulmonary hypoplasia syndrome (722458000); Matthew Wood syndrome (722458000); Syndromic microphthalmia type 9 (722458000)
Modes of inheritance:
Autosomal recessive inheritance
MedGen UID:
141025
Concept ID:
C0441748
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).
Autosomal dominant inheritance
MedGen UID:
141047
Concept ID:
C0443147
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele.
 
Gene (location): STRA6 (15q24.1)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0011010
OMIM®: 601186
Orphanet: ORPHA2470

Definition

Syndromic microphthalmia-9 (MCOPS9), also referred to as pulmonary hypoplasia-diaphragmatic hernia-anophthalmia-cardiac defect, is characterized by bilateral clinical anophthalmia, pulmonary hypoplasia/aplasia, cardiac malformations, and diaphragmatic defects. The phenotype is variable, ranging from isolated clinical anophthalmia or microphthalmia to complex presentations involving the cardiac, pulmonary, diaphragmatic, and renal systems. At its most severe, infants are born without pulmonary structures and die soon after birth (Marcadier et al., 2015). [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Cryptorchidism
MedGen UID:
8192
Concept ID:
C0010417
Congenital Abnormality
Cryptorchidism, or failure of testicular descent, is a common human congenital abnormality with a multifactorial etiology that likely reflects the involvement of endocrine, environmental, and hereditary factors. Cryptorchidism can result in infertility and increases risk for testicular tumors. Testicular descent from abdomen to scrotum occurs in 2 distinct phases: the transabdominal phase and the inguinoscrotal phase (summary by Gorlov et al., 2002).
Hydronephrosis
MedGen UID:
42531
Concept ID:
C0020295
Disease or Syndrome
Severe distention of the kidney with dilation of the renal pelvis and calices.
Pelvic kidney
MedGen UID:
67446
Concept ID:
C0221209
Congenital Abnormality
A developmental defect in which a kidney is located in an abnormal anatomic position within the pelvis.
Horseshoe kidney
MedGen UID:
65140
Concept ID:
C0221353
Congenital Abnormality
A connection of the right and left kidney by an isthmus of functioning renal parenchyma or fibrous tissue that crosses the midline.
Renal malrotation
MedGen UID:
68662
Concept ID:
C0238210
Congenital Abnormality
An abnormality of the normal developmental rotation of the kidney leading to an abnormal orientation of the kidney.
Renal hypoplasia
MedGen UID:
120571
Concept ID:
C0266295
Congenital Abnormality
Hypoplasia of the kidney.
Bicornuate uterus
MedGen UID:
78599
Concept ID:
C0266387
Congenital Abnormality
The presence of a bicornuate uterus.
Uterine hypoplasia
MedGen UID:
120575
Concept ID:
C0266399
Congenital Abnormality
Underdevelopment of the uterus.
Coarctation of aorta
MedGen UID:
1617
Concept ID:
C0003492
Congenital Abnormality
Coarctation of the aorta is a narrowing or constriction of a segment of the aorta.
Patent ductus arteriosus
MedGen UID:
4415
Concept ID:
C0013274
Congenital Abnormality
In utero, the ductus arteriosus (DA) serves to divert ventricular output away from the lungs and toward the placenta by connecting the main pulmonary artery to the descending aorta. A patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in the first 3 days of life is a physiologic shunt in healthy term and preterm newborn infants, and normally is substantially closed within about 24 hours after bith and completely closed after about three weeks. Failure of physiologcal closure is referred to a persistent or patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Depending on the degree of left-to-right shunting, PDA can have clinical consequences.
Atrial septal defect
MedGen UID:
6753
Concept ID:
C0018817
Congenital Abnormality
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital abnormality of the interatrial septum that enables blood flow between the left and right atria via the interatrial septum.
Ventricular septal defect
MedGen UID:
42366
Concept ID:
C0018818
Congenital Abnormality
A hole between the two bottom chambers (ventricles) of the heart. The defect is centered around the most superior aspect of the ventricular septum.
Tetralogy of Fallot
MedGen UID:
21498
Concept ID:
C0039685
Congenital Abnormality
People with CCHD have one or more specific heart defects. The heart defects classified as CCHD include coarctation of the aorta, double-outlet right ventricle, D-transposition of the great arteries, Ebstein anomaly, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, interrupted aortic arch, pulmonary atresia with intact septum, single ventricle, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, tetralogy of Fallot, tricuspid atresia, and truncus arteriosus.\n\nEach of the heart defects associated with CCHD affects the flow of blood into, out of, or through the heart. Some of the heart defects involve structures within the heart itself, such as the two lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles) or the valves that control blood flow through the heart. Others affect the structure of the large blood vessels leading into and out of the heart (including the aorta and pulmonary artery). Still others involve a combination of these structural abnormalities.\n\nSome people with treated CCHD have few related health problems later in life. However, long-term effects of CCHD can include delayed development and reduced stamina during exercise. Adults with these heart defects have an increased risk of abnormal heart rhythms, heart failure, sudden cardiac arrest, stroke, and premature death.\n\nAlthough babies with CCHD may appear healthy for the first few hours or days of life, signs and symptoms soon become apparent. These can include an abnormal heart sound during a heartbeat (heart murmur), rapid breathing (tachypnea), low blood pressure (hypotension), low levels of oxygen in the blood (hypoxemia), and a blue or purple tint to the skin caused by a shortage of oxygen (cyanosis). If untreated, CCHD can lead to shock, coma, and death. However, most people with CCHD now survive past infancy due to improvements in early detection, diagnosis, and treatment.\n\nCritical congenital heart disease (CCHD) is a term that refers to a group of serious heart defects that are present from birth. These abnormalities result from problems with the formation of one or more parts of the heart during the early stages of embryonic development. CCHD prevents the heart from pumping blood effectively or reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood. As a result, organs and tissues throughout the body do not receive enough oxygen, which can lead to organ damage and life-threatening complications. Individuals with CCHD usually require surgery soon after birth.
Persistent truncus arteriosus
MedGen UID:
52867
Concept ID:
C0041207
Congenital Abnormality
A single arterial trunk arises from the cardiac mass. The pulmonary arteries, aorta and coronary arteries arise from this single trunk with no evidence of another outflow tract.
Single ventricle
MedGen UID:
56289
Concept ID:
C0152424
Congenital Abnormality
The presence of only one working lower chamber in the heart, usually with a virtual absence of the ventricular septum and usually present in conjunction with double inlet left or right ventricle.
Pulmonary artery atresia
MedGen UID:
82723
Concept ID:
C0265908
Congenital Abnormality
A congenital anomaly with a narrowing or complete absence of the opening between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
Pulmonic stenosis
MedGen UID:
408291
Concept ID:
C1956257
Disease or Syndrome
A narrowing of the right ventricular outflow tract that can occur at the pulmonary valve (valvular stenosis), below the pulmonary valve (infundibular stenosis), or above the pulmonary valve (supravalvar stenosis).
Hypoplastic left atrium
MedGen UID:
370300
Concept ID:
C1970625
Anatomical Abnormality
Underdeveloped, small left heart atrium
Agenesis of pulmonary vessels
MedGen UID:
410118
Concept ID:
C1970630
Finding
A developmental defect characterized by the lack of formation of the pulmonary blood vessels.
Right aortic arch with mirror image branching
MedGen UID:
871216
Concept ID:
C4025695
Anatomical Abnormality
The aortic arch crosses the right mainstem bronchus and not the left mainstem bronchus, but does not result in the creation of a vascular ring. The first branch is the left brachiocephalic artery which divides into the left carotid artery and left subclavian artery, the second branch is the right carotid artery, the third branch is the right subclavian artery.
Severe short stature
MedGen UID:
3931
Concept ID:
C0013336
Disease or Syndrome
A severe degree of short stature, more than -4 SD from the mean corrected for age and sex.
Fetal growth restriction
MedGen UID:
4693
Concept ID:
C0015934
Pathologic Function
An abnormal restriction of fetal growth with fetal weight below the tenth percentile for gestational age.
Short stature
MedGen UID:
87607
Concept ID:
C0349588
Finding
A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).
Low-set ears
MedGen UID:
65980
Concept ID:
C0239234
Congenital Abnormality
Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear.
Intellectual disability, profound
MedGen UID:
892508
Concept ID:
C3161330
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Profound mental retardation is defined as an intelligence quotient (IQ) below 20.
Profound global developmental delay
MedGen UID:
766364
Concept ID:
C3553450
Disease or Syndrome
A profound delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child.
Diaphragmatic eventration
MedGen UID:
8359
Concept ID:
C0011981
Congenital Abnormality
A congenital failure of muscular development of part or all of one or both hemidiaphragms, resulting in superior displacement of abdominal viscera and altered lung development.
Inguinal hernia
MedGen UID:
6817
Concept ID:
C0019294
Finding
Protrusion of the contents of the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal.
Micrognathia
MedGen UID:
44428
Concept ID:
C0025990
Congenital Abnormality
Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible.
Hypotonia
MedGen UID:
10133
Concept ID:
C0026827
Finding
Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
MedGen UID:
68625
Concept ID:
C0235833
Congenital Abnormality
The presence of a hernia of the diaphragm present at birth.
Generalized hypotonia
MedGen UID:
346841
Concept ID:
C1858120
Finding
Generalized muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone).
Respiratory insufficiency
MedGen UID:
11197
Concept ID:
C0035229
Pathologic Function
Impairment of gas exchange within the lungs secondary to a disease process, neoplasm, or trauma, possibly resulting in hypoxia, hypercarbia, or both, but not requiring intubation or mechanical ventilation. Patients are normally managed with pharmaceutical therapy, supplemental oxygen, or both.
Pulmonary hypoplasia
MedGen UID:
78574
Concept ID:
C0265783
Congenital Abnormality
A congenital abnormality in which the lung parenchyma is not fully developed. It may be associated with other congenital abnormalities.
Alveolar capillary dysplasia
MedGen UID:
394267
Concept ID:
C2677362
Congenital Abnormality
A developmental defect of the alveolar airspace during cananicular lung development characterized by a decreased number of pulmonary capillaries located away from the alveolar epithelium, thickened alveolar septae, media hypertrophy of small pulmonary arteries and muscularization of distal arterioles, and in some cases lymphangiectasis.
Bilateral lung agenesis
MedGen UID:
867250
Concept ID:
C4021610
Congenital Abnormality
Bilateral lack of development of the lungs.
Hypoplastic spleen
MedGen UID:
410116
Concept ID:
C1970617
Anatomical Abnormality
Underdevelopment of the spleen.
Multilobulated spleen
MedGen UID:
1623333
Concept ID:
C4538849
Congenital Abnormality
The fetal spleen is lobulated, and these lobules normally disappear before the birth. Lobulation of the spleen may persist into adult life and be typically seen along the medial part of the spleen. A persisting lobule results in a variation in shape of the spleen.
Blepharophimosis
MedGen UID:
2670
Concept ID:
C0005744
Anatomical Abnormality
A fixed reduction in the vertical distance between the upper and lower eyelids with short palpebral fissures.
Wide nasal bridge
MedGen UID:
341441
Concept ID:
C1849367
Finding
Increased breadth of the nasal bridge (and with it, the nasal root).
Anophthalmia
MedGen UID:
314
Concept ID:
C0003119
Congenital Abnormality
Absence of the globe or eyeball.
Bilateral microphthalmos
MedGen UID:
334420
Concept ID:
C1843496
Congenital Abnormality
A developmental anomaly characterized by abnormal smallness of both eyes.

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVMatthew-Wood syndrome
Follow this link to review classifications for Matthew-Wood syndrome in Orphanet.

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Korzeniewska-Eksterowicz A, Moczulska H
J Genet Couns 2024 Aug;33(4):927-930. Epub 2023 Oct 4 doi: 10.1002/jgc4.1808. PMID: 37792875
Slavotinek AM
Mol Genet Metab 2011 Dec;104(4):448-56. Epub 2011 Sep 29 doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.09.029. PMID: 22005280Free PMC Article
Casey J, Kawaguchi R, Morrissey M, Sun H, McGettigan P, Nielsen JE, Conroy J, Regan R, Kenny E, Cormican P, Morris DW, Tormey P, Chróinín MN, Kennedy BN, Lynch S, Green A, Ennis S
Hum Mutat 2011 Dec;32(12):1417-26. Epub 2011 Sep 29 doi: 10.1002/humu.21590. PMID: 21901792Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Korzeniewska-Eksterowicz A, Moczulska H
J Genet Couns 2024 Aug;33(4):927-930. Epub 2023 Oct 4 doi: 10.1002/jgc4.1808. PMID: 37792875
Sadowski S, Chassaing N, Gaj Z, Czichos E, Wilczynski J, Nowakowska D
Birth Defects Res 2017 Mar 1;109(4):251-253. doi: 10.1002/bdra.23465. PMID: 28398665
Cubuk PO, Ho L, Reversade B, Perçin EF
Genet Couns 2016;27(3):405-410. PMID: 30204971
Chassaing N, Golzio C, Odent S, Lequeux L, Vigouroux A, Martinovic-Bouriel J, Tiziano FD, Masini L, Piro F, Maragliano G, Delezoide AL, Attié-Bitach T, Manouvrier-Hanu S, Etchevers HC, Calvas P
Hum Mutat 2009 May;30(5):E673-81. doi: 10.1002/humu.21023. PMID: 19309693
Martinovic-Bouriel J, Bernabé-Dupont C, Golzio C, Grattagliano-Bessières B, Malan V, Bonnière M, Esculpavit C, Fallet-Bianco C, Mirlesse V, Le Bidois J, Aubry MC, Vekemans M, Morichon N, Etchevers H, Attié-Bitach T, Encha-Razavi F, Benachi A
Am J Med Genet A 2007 Feb 1;143A(3):219-28. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31599. PMID: 17236193

Prognosis

Sadowski S, Chassaing N, Gaj Z, Czichos E, Wilczynski J, Nowakowska D
Birth Defects Res 2017 Mar 1;109(4):251-253. doi: 10.1002/bdra.23465. PMID: 28398665
Marcadier JL, Mears AJ, Woods EA, Fisher J, Airheart C, Qin W, Beaulieu CL, Dyment DA, Innes AM, Curry CJ; Care4Rare Canada Consortium
Am J Med Genet A 2016 Jan;170A(1):11-8. Epub 2015 Sep 16 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37389. PMID: 26373900
Slavotinek AM
Mol Genet Metab 2011 Dec;104(4):448-56. Epub 2011 Sep 29 doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.09.029. PMID: 22005280Free PMC Article
Chassaing N, Golzio C, Odent S, Lequeux L, Vigouroux A, Martinovic-Bouriel J, Tiziano FD, Masini L, Piro F, Maragliano G, Delezoide AL, Attié-Bitach T, Manouvrier-Hanu S, Etchevers HC, Calvas P
Hum Mutat 2009 May;30(5):E673-81. doi: 10.1002/humu.21023. PMID: 19309693
Golzio C, Martinovic-Bouriel J, Thomas S, Mougou-Zrelli S, Grattagliano-Bessieres B, Bonniere M, Delahaye S, Munnich A, Encha-Razavi F, Lyonnet S, Vekemans M, Attie-Bitach T, Etchevers HC
Am J Hum Genet 2007 Jun;80(6):1179-87. Epub 2007 Apr 11 doi: 10.1086/518177. PMID: 17503335Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Sadowski S, Chassaing N, Gaj Z, Czichos E, Wilczynski J, Nowakowska D
Birth Defects Res 2017 Mar 1;109(4):251-253. doi: 10.1002/bdra.23465. PMID: 28398665
Marcadier JL, Mears AJ, Woods EA, Fisher J, Airheart C, Qin W, Beaulieu CL, Dyment DA, Innes AM, Curry CJ; Care4Rare Canada Consortium
Am J Med Genet A 2016 Jan;170A(1):11-8. Epub 2015 Sep 16 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37389. PMID: 26373900
Gavrilova R, Babovic N, Lteif A, Eidem B, Kirmani S, Olson T, Babovic-Vuksanovic D
Am J Med Genet A 2009 Oct;149A(10):2241-7. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.32998. PMID: 19760653
Golzio C, Martinovic-Bouriel J, Thomas S, Mougou-Zrelli S, Grattagliano-Bessieres B, Bonniere M, Delahaye S, Munnich A, Encha-Razavi F, Lyonnet S, Vekemans M, Attie-Bitach T, Etchevers HC
Am J Hum Genet 2007 Jun;80(6):1179-87. Epub 2007 Apr 11 doi: 10.1086/518177. PMID: 17503335Free PMC Article
Martinovic-Bouriel J, Bernabé-Dupont C, Golzio C, Grattagliano-Bessières B, Malan V, Bonnière M, Esculpavit C, Fallet-Bianco C, Mirlesse V, Le Bidois J, Aubry MC, Vekemans M, Morichon N, Etchevers H, Attié-Bitach T, Encha-Razavi F, Benachi A
Am J Med Genet A 2007 Feb 1;143A(3):219-28. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31599. PMID: 17236193

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