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Intellectual disability, X-linked 103(XLID103)

MedGen UID:
934785
Concept ID:
C4310818
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER, X-LINKED 103; XLID103
 
Gene (location): KLHL15 (Xp22.11)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0010508
OMIM®: 300982

Definition

Any non-syndromic X-linked intellectual disability in which the cause of the disease is a mutation in the KLHL15 gene. [from MONDO]

Clinical features

From HPO
Bilateral cryptorchidism
MedGen UID:
96568
Concept ID:
C0431663
Congenital Abnormality
Absence of both testes from the scrotum owing to failure of the testis or testes to descend through the inguinal canal to the scrotum.
Micropenis
MedGen UID:
1633603
Concept ID:
C4551492
Congenital Abnormality
Abnormally small penis. At birth, the normal penis is about 3 cm (stretched length from pubic tubercle to tip of penis) with micropenis less than 2.0-2.5 cm.
Short palm
MedGen UID:
334684
Concept ID:
C1843108
Finding
Short palm.
Seizure
MedGen UID:
20693
Concept ID:
C0036572
Sign or Symptom
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Delayed ability to walk
MedGen UID:
66034
Concept ID:
C0241726
Finding
A failure to achieve the ability to walk at an appropriate developmental stage. Most children learn to walk in a series of stages, and learn to walk short distances independently between 12 and 15 months.
Polymicrogyria
MedGen UID:
78605
Concept ID:
C0266464
Congenital Abnormality
Polymicrogyria is a congenital malformation of the cerebral cortex characterized by abnormal cortical layering (lamination) and an excessive number of small gyri (folds).
Delayed speech and language development
MedGen UID:
105318
Concept ID:
C0454644
Finding
A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age.
Global developmental delay
MedGen UID:
107838
Concept ID:
C0557874
Finding
A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.
Absent speech
MedGen UID:
340737
Concept ID:
C1854882
Finding
Complete lack of development of speech and language abilities.
Lateral ventricle dilatation
MedGen UID:
383904
Concept ID:
C1856409
Pathologic Function
Intellectual disability
MedGen UID:
811461
Concept ID:
C3714756
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Wide mouth
MedGen UID:
44238
Concept ID:
C0024433
Congenital Abnormality
Distance between the oral commissures more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased width of the oral aperture (subjective).
Anteverted nares
MedGen UID:
326648
Concept ID:
C1840077
Finding
Anteriorly-facing nostrils viewed with the head in the Frankfurt horizontal and the eyes of the observer level with the eyes of the subject. This gives the appearance of an upturned nose (upturned nasal tip).
Coarse facial features
MedGen UID:
335284
Concept ID:
C1845847
Finding
Absence of fine and sharp appearance of brows, nose, lips, mouth, and chin, usually because of rounded and heavy features or thickened skin with or without thickening of subcutaneous and bony tissues.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Vilvarajan S, McDonald M, Douglas L, Newham J, Kirkland R, Tzannes G, Tay D, Christodoulou J, Thompson S, Ellaway C
Genes (Basel) 2023 Aug 11;14(8) doi: 10.3390/genes14081607. PMID: 37628658Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Liu J, Wang X, Huang D, Qi Y, Xu L, Shao Y
Medicine (Baltimore) 2024 Apr 19;103(16):e37874. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037874. PMID: 38640304Free PMC Article
Vilvarajan S, McDonald M, Douglas L, Newham J, Kirkland R, Tzannes G, Tay D, Christodoulou J, Thompson S, Ellaway C
Genes (Basel) 2023 Aug 11;14(8) doi: 10.3390/genes14081607. PMID: 37628658Free PMC Article
Zhong L, Gao X, Wang Y, Qiu W, Han L, Gu X, Zhang H
Clin Genet 2023 Jun;103(6):655-662. Epub 2023 Mar 22 doi: 10.1111/cge.14329. PMID: 36945845
Corre CS, Grant N, Sadjadi R, Hayden D, Becker C, Gomery P, Eichler FS
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021 Jan 6;16(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s13023-020-01596-1. PMID: 33407709Free PMC Article
Cornish K, Cole V, Longhi E, Karmiloff-Smith A, Scerif G
Am J Intellect Dev Disabil 2012 Mar;117(2):103-20. doi: 10.1352/1944-7558-117.2.103. PMID: 22515826

Diagnosis

Liu J, Wang X, Huang D, Qi Y, Xu L, Shao Y
Medicine (Baltimore) 2024 Apr 19;103(16):e37874. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037874. PMID: 38640304Free PMC Article
Vilvarajan S, McDonald M, Douglas L, Newham J, Kirkland R, Tzannes G, Tay D, Christodoulou J, Thompson S, Ellaway C
Genes (Basel) 2023 Aug 11;14(8) doi: 10.3390/genes14081607. PMID: 37628658Free PMC Article
Zhong L, Gao X, Wang Y, Qiu W, Han L, Gu X, Zhang H
Clin Genet 2023 Jun;103(6):655-662. Epub 2023 Mar 22 doi: 10.1111/cge.14329. PMID: 36945845
Dame C, Horn D, Schomburg L, Grünhagen J, Chillon TS, Tietze A, Vogt A, Bührer C
Clin Genet 2023 May;103(5):585-589. Epub 2022 Dec 28 doi: 10.1111/cge.14289. PMID: 36562171
Cornish K, Cole V, Longhi E, Karmiloff-Smith A, Scerif G
Am J Intellect Dev Disabil 2012 Mar;117(2):103-20. doi: 10.1352/1944-7558-117.2.103. PMID: 22515826

Therapy

Peng W, Shi S, Yang L, Liu D
Medicine (Baltimore) 2024 Jul 19;103(29):e39047. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000039047. PMID: 39029020Free PMC Article
Jurecka A, Krumina Z, Żuber Z, Różdżyńska-Świątkowska A, Kłoska A, Czartoryska B, Tylki-Szymańska A
Am J Med Genet A 2012 Feb;158A(2):450-4. Epub 2012 Jan 13 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34415. PMID: 22246721
Lee EH, Ahn MS, Hwang JS, Ryu KH, Kim SJ, Kim SH
J Korean Med Sci 2006 Oct;21(5):800-4. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2006.21.5.800. PMID: 17043409Free PMC Article
George DH, Casey RE
Pediatr Dev Pathol 2001 May-Jun;4(3):281-8. doi: 10.1007/s100240010142. PMID: 11370266

Prognosis

Liu J, Wang X, Huang D, Qi Y, Xu L, Shao Y
Medicine (Baltimore) 2024 Apr 19;103(16):e37874. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037874. PMID: 38640304Free PMC Article
Vilvarajan S, McDonald M, Douglas L, Newham J, Kirkland R, Tzannes G, Tay D, Christodoulou J, Thompson S, Ellaway C
Genes (Basel) 2023 Aug 11;14(8) doi: 10.3390/genes14081607. PMID: 37628658Free PMC Article
Zhong L, Gao X, Wang Y, Qiu W, Han L, Gu X, Zhang H
Clin Genet 2023 Jun;103(6):655-662. Epub 2023 Mar 22 doi: 10.1111/cge.14329. PMID: 36945845
Cornish K, Cole V, Longhi E, Karmiloff-Smith A, Scerif G
Am J Intellect Dev Disabil 2012 Mar;117(2):103-20. doi: 10.1352/1944-7558-117.2.103. PMID: 22515826
Eichler F, Mahmood A, Loes D, Bezman L, Lin D, Moser HW, Raymond GV
Arch Neurol 2007 May;64(5):659-64. doi: 10.1001/archneur.64.5.659. PMID: 17502464

Clinical prediction guides

Liu J, Wang X, Huang D, Qi Y, Xu L, Shao Y
Medicine (Baltimore) 2024 Apr 19;103(16):e37874. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037874. PMID: 38640304Free PMC Article
Gras M, Heide S, Keren B, Valence S, Garel C, Whalen S, Jansen AC, Keymolen K, Stouffs K, Jennesson M, Poirsier C, Lesca G, Depienne C, Nava C, Rastetter A, Curie A, Cuisset L, Des Portes V, Milh M, Charles P, Mignot C, Héron D
J Med Genet 2024 Jan 19;61(2):103-108. doi: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109203. PMID: 37879892
Vilvarajan S, McDonald M, Douglas L, Newham J, Kirkland R, Tzannes G, Tay D, Christodoulou J, Thompson S, Ellaway C
Genes (Basel) 2023 Aug 11;14(8) doi: 10.3390/genes14081607. PMID: 37628658Free PMC Article
Zhong L, Gao X, Wang Y, Qiu W, Han L, Gu X, Zhang H
Clin Genet 2023 Jun;103(6):655-662. Epub 2023 Mar 22 doi: 10.1111/cge.14329. PMID: 36945845
Cornish K, Cole V, Longhi E, Karmiloff-Smith A, Scerif G
Am J Intellect Dev Disabil 2012 Mar;117(2):103-20. doi: 10.1352/1944-7558-117.2.103. PMID: 22515826

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