An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the chest.

Broadening of the soft tissues (non-edematous swelling of soft tissues) of the digital tips in all dimensions associated with an increased longitudinal and lateral curvature of the nails.

Pulmonary hypertension is defined mean pulmonary artery pressure of 25mmHg or more and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 15mmHg or less when measured by right heart catheterisation at rest and in a supine position.

Abnormally increased size of the liver.

Facial nerve palsy is a dysfunction of cranial nerve VII (the facial nerve) that results in inability to control facial muscles on the affected side with weakness of the muscles of facial expression and eye closure. This can either be present in unilateral or bilateral form.

Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi owing to localized and irreversible destruction and widening of the large airways.

Difficult or labored breathing. Dyspnea is a subjective feeling only the patient can rate, e.g., on a Borg scale.

Coughing up (expectoration) of blood or blood-streaked sputum from the larynx, trachea, bronchi, or lungs.

The presence of an excessive amount of fluid in the pleural cavity.

Accumulation of air in the pleural cavity leading to a partially or completely collapsed lung.

A subcategory of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It occurs in people who smoke and suffer from chronic bronchitis. It is characterized by inflation of the alveoli, alveolar wall damage, and reduction in the number of alveoli, resulting in difficulty breathing.

Replacement of normal lung tissues by fibroblasts and collagen.

A finding indicating the presence of an inflammatory or neoplastic cellular infiltrate in the lung parenchyma.

An abnormally low level of blood oxygen.

A functional defect characterized by reduced total lung capacity (TLC) not associated with abnormalities of expiratory airflow or airway resistance. Spirometrically, a restrictive defect is defined as FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) and FVC (forced vital capacity) less than 80 per cent. Restrictive lung disease may be caused by alterations in lung parenchyma or because of a disease of the pleura, chest wall, or neuromuscular apparatus.

Usually, Lymphoycytes make up less than 15% of all cells found in the bronchoalveloar lavage fluid. This elevated cell proportion can be induced by virus or drugs, or is associated with specific diseases.

Abnormality of the lung parenchyma extending to the pulmonary interstitium and leading to diffuse pulmonary fibrosis.

An erythematous eruption commonly associated with drug reactions or infection and characterized by inflammatory nodules that are usually tender, multiple, and bilateral.

Abnormal increased size of the spleen.

Inflammation of one or all portions of the uveal tract.

Swelling of lymph nodes within the mediastinum, the central compartment of the thoracic cavities that contains the heart and the great vessels, the esophagus, and trachea and other structures including lymph nodes.