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Pygmy

MedGen UID:
376605
•Concept ID:
C1849524
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: PYGMY, AFRICAN
 
OMIM®: 265850

Clinical features

From HPO
Short stature
MedGen UID:
87607
•Concept ID:
C0349588
•
Finding
A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis
MedGen UID:
867398
•Concept ID:
C4021768
•
Finding
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
Abnormality of the endocrine system
MedGen UID:
893021
•Concept ID:
C4025823
•
Anatomical Abnormality
An abnormality of the endocrine system.
See: Feature record | Search on this feature
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Professional guidelines

PubMed

Epidemiology and Genetic Variability of HHV-8/KSHV among Rural Populations and Kaposi's Sarcoma Patients in Gabon, Central Africa. Review of the Geographical Distribution of HHV-8 K1 Genotypes in Africa.
Mamimandjiami AI, Mouinga-Ondémé A, Ramassamy JL, Djuicy DD, Afonso PV, Mahé A, Lekana-Douki JB, Cassar O, Gessain A
Viruses 2021 Jan 25;13(2) doi: 10.3390/v13020175. PMID: 33503816Free PMC Article
Diagnosis and treatment of congestive heart failure secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy in a hedgehog.
Delk KW, Eshar D, Garcia E, Harkin K
J Small Anim Pract 2014 Mar;55(3):174-7. Epub 2013 Dec 23 doi: 10.1111/jsap.12169. PMID: 24372164
TT viruses (TTV) of non-human primates and their relationship to the human TTV genotypes.
Verschoor EJ, Langenhuijzen S, Heeney JL
J Gen Virol 1999 Sep;80 ( Pt 9):2491-2499. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-80-9-2491. PMID: 10501506

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

African Pygmy Hedgehog Pediatrics.
Hinkle D, Eshar D
Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2024 May;27(2):221-227. Epub 2023 Dec 14 doi: 10.1016/j.cvex.2023.11.005. PMID: 38097492
On the Bantu expansion.
Rowold DJ, Perez-Benedico D, Stojkovic O, Alfonso-Sanchez MA, Garcia-Bertrand R, Herrera RJ
Gene 2016 Nov 15;593(1):48-57. Epub 2016 Jul 19 doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.07.044. PMID: 27451076
The pygmy short stature enigma.
Meazza C, Pagani S, Bozzola M
Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 2011 Jun;8(4):394-9. PMID: 21972779
Health of Indigenous people in Africa.
Ohenjo N, Willis R, Jackson D, Nettleton C, Good K, Mugarura B
Lancet 2006 Jun 10;367(9526):1937-46. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68849-1. PMID: 16765763
Pygmy locomotion.
Minetti AE, Saibene F, Ardigò LP, Atchou G, Schena F, Ferretti G
Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1994;68(4):285-90. doi: 10.1007/BF00571444. PMID: 8055884

Diagnosis

Interspecies differences in mammalian susceptibility to legacy POPs and trace metals using skin fibroblast cells.
Sun Y, Zeng Y, Rajput IR, Sanganyado E, Zheng R, Xie H, Li C, Tian Z, Huang Y, Yang L, Lin J, Li P, Liang B, Liu W
Environ Pollut 2022 Dec 15;315:120358. Epub 2022 Oct 10 doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120358. PMID: 36228850
Salmonellosis in Hedgehogs.
Keeble E, Koterwas B
Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2020 May;23(2):459-470. doi: 10.1016/j.cvex.2020.01.011. PMID: 32327048
Evo-Devo of child growth III: premature juvenility as an evolutionary trade-off.
Hochberg Z
Horm Res Paediatr 2010;73(6):430-7. Epub 2010 Apr 15 doi: 10.1159/000282109. PMID: 20395652
Yellow pigmy rice rat (Oligoryzomys flavescens) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Uruguay.
Delfraro A, Clara M, Tomé L, Achaval F, Levis S, Calderón G, Enria D, Lozano M, Russi J, Arbiza J
Emerg Infect Dis 2003 Jul;9(7):846-52. doi: 10.3201/eid0907.030044. PMID: 12890326Free PMC Article
What is the situation of human T cell lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) in Africa? Origin and dissemination of genomic subtypes.
Gessain A, de Thé G
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1996;13 Suppl 1:S228-35. doi: 10.1097/00042560-199600001-00034. PMID: 8797728

Therapy

Tooth dimensions and body size in a Pygmy population.
Ramirez-Rozzi FV, Romero A
Ann Hum Biol 2019 Sep;46(6):467-474. Epub 2019 Oct 16 doi: 10.1080/03014460.2019.1673482. PMID: 31554436
From Snake Venom's Disintegrins and C-Type Lectins to Anti-Platelet Drugs.
Lazarovici P, Marcinkiewicz C, Lelkes PI
Toxins (Basel) 2019 May 27;11(5) doi: 10.3390/toxins11050303. PMID: 31137917Free PMC Article
A polymorphic residue that attenuates the antiviral potential of interferon lambda 4 in hominid lineages.
Bamford CGG, Aranday-Cortes E, Filipe IC, Sukumar S, Mair D, Filipe ADS, Mendoza JL, Garcia KC, Fan S, Tishkoff SA, McLauchlan J
PLoS Pathog 2018 Oct;14(10):e1007307. Epub 2018 Oct 11 doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007307. PMID: 30308076Free PMC Article
Association of urinary sodium excretion with blood pressure and risk factors associated with hypertension among Cameroonian pygmies and bantus: a cross-sectional study.
Lemogoum D, Ngatchou W, Bika Lele C, Okalla C, Leeman M, Degaute JP, van de Borne P
BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018 Mar 7;18(1):49. doi: 10.1186/s12872-018-0787-3. PMID: 29514623Free PMC Article
Hazardous hedgehogs.
Rosen T
South Med J 2000 Sep;93(9):936-8. PMID: 11005362

Prognosis

The evolution of body size and shape in the human career.
Jungers WL, Grabowski M, Hatala KG, Richmond BG
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016 Jul 5;371(1698) doi: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0247. PMID: 27298459Free PMC Article
Diet-related buccal dental microwear patterns in Central African Pygmy foragers and Bantu-speaking farmer and pastoralist populations.
Romero A, Ramírez-Rozzi FV, De Juan J, Pérez-Pérez A
PLoS One 2013;8(12):e84804. Epub 2013 Dec 19 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084804. PMID: 24367696Free PMC Article
Evo-Devo of child growth III: premature juvenility as an evolutionary trade-off.
Hochberg Z
Horm Res Paediatr 2010;73(6):430-7. Epub 2010 Apr 15 doi: 10.1159/000282109. PMID: 20395652
Health of Indigenous people in Africa.
Ohenjo N, Willis R, Jackson D, Nettleton C, Good K, Mugarura B
Lancet 2006 Jun 10;367(9526):1937-46. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68849-1. PMID: 16765763
Pygmy locomotion.
Minetti AE, Saibene F, Ardigò LP, Atchou G, Schena F, Ferretti G
Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1994;68(4):285-90. doi: 10.1007/BF00571444. PMID: 8055884

Clinical prediction guides

Population structure of pygmy (Kogia breviceps) and dwarf (Kogia sima) sperm whales in the Southern Hemisphere may reflect foraging ecology and dispersal patterns.
Plön S, Best PB, Duignan P, Lavery SD, Bernard RTF, Van Waerebeek K, Baker CS
Adv Mar Biol 2023;96:85-114. Epub 2023 Nov 10 doi: 10.1016/bs.amb.2023.09.001. PMID: 37980130
Animal reactivity to camera traps and its effects on abundance estimate using distance sampling in the Taï National Park, Côte d'Ivoire.
Houa NA, Cappelle N, Bitty EA, Normand E, Kablan YA, Boesch C
PeerJ 2022;10:e13510. Epub 2022 May 27 doi: 10.7717/peerj.13510. PMID: 35651744Free PMC Article
On the Bantu expansion.
Rowold DJ, Perez-Benedico D, Stojkovic O, Alfonso-Sanchez MA, Garcia-Bertrand R, Herrera RJ
Gene 2016 Nov 15;593(1):48-57. Epub 2016 Jul 19 doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.07.044. PMID: 27451076
Indirect evidence for the genetic determination of short stature in African Pygmies.
Becker NS, Verdu P, Froment A, Le Bomin S, Pagezy H, Bahuchet S, Heyer E
Am J Phys Anthropol 2011 Jul;145(3):390-401. Epub 2011 May 3 doi: 10.1002/ajpa.21512. PMID: 21541921
Pygmy locomotion.
Minetti AE, Saibene F, Ardigò LP, Atchou G, Schena F, Ferretti G
Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1994;68(4):285-90. doi: 10.1007/BF00571444. PMID: 8055884

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