show Abstracthide AbstractWe performed genome sequencing on 27 captive Chinese-origin macaques with approximately 30-fold coverage of the genome and also integrated public genome resequencing data. Based on this, we present the most comprehensive SV landscape in rhesus macaques to date on the basis of deep integration of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from 1,026 macaques. We report the contributions of SVs, especially inversions, to the formation of the population structure and speciation in primate evolution.