Table 13Summary of Detailed Findings for Empowerment

Outcome Study citationDetailed findings
Empowerment Mulfinger et al. (2018)50Results of all participants (n analyzed = 98 at baseline [T0], 84 at post-intervention [T1], 62 at follow-up [T2])50 Between-group analyses were conducted using linear MMRM.

Empowerment Scale - Self-esteem subscale, mean (SD) at T0 vs. T1 vs. T2:

  • HOP = 2.33 (0.78) vs. 2.61 (0.76) vs. 2.69 (0.61)
  • Control = 2.31 (0.66) vs. 2.33 (0.70) vs. 2.43 (0.70)
  • Mean between-group difference (95% CI) for change from T0 to T1 = 0.21 (0.04 to 0.39), p = 0.017
  • Mean between-group difference (95% CI) for change from T0 to T2 = 0.19 (–0.03 to 0.41), p = 0.09
Empowerment Scale – Optimism subscale, mean (SD) at T0 vs. T1 vs. T2:
  • HOP = 2.43 (0.60) vs. 2.65 (0.62) vs. 2.70 (0.62)
  • Control = 2.49 (0.60) vs. 2.46 (0.69) vs. 2.51 (0.77)
  • Mean between-group difference (95% CI) for change from T0 to T1 = 0.20 (0 to 0.40), p = 0.055
  • Mean between-group difference (95% CI) for change from T0 to T2 = 0.21 (–0.03 to 0.46)), p = 0.09

CI = confidence interval; HOP= Honest, Open, Proud; MMRM = mixed model for repeated measures; SD = standard deviation

From: Peer Support Programs for Youth Mental Health

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Peer Support Programs for Youth Mental Health: Health Technology Assessment [Internet].
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