Table 16Summary of Detailed Findings for Hopelessness

Outcome Study citationDetailed findings
Hopelessness Mulfinger et al. (2018)50Results of all participants (n analyzed = 98 at baseline [T0], 84 at post-intervention [T1], 62 at follow-up [T2])50 Between-group analyses were conducted using linear MMRM.

Beck Hopelessness Scale, Short Version, mean (SD) at T0 vs. T1 vs. T2:

  • HOP = 14.42 (5.32) vs. 13.18 (4.51) vs 11.74 (3.83)
  • Control = 14.82 (5.11) vs. 14.39 (4.81) vs. 13.95 (4.78)
  • Mean between-group difference (95% CI) for change from T0 to T1 = –0.51 (–1.88 to 0.85), p = 0.46
  • Mean between-group difference (95% CI) for change from T0 to T2 = –1.22 (–2.68 to 0.24), p = 0.10

CI = confidence interval; HOP= Honest, Open, Proud; MMRM = mixed model for repeated measures; SD = standard deviation

From: Peer Support Programs for Youth Mental Health

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