OVERVIEW

PRODUCT INFORMATION

REPRESENTATIVE TRADE NAMES

Umbralisib – Ukoniq® [On June 1, 2022, FDA approval was withdrawn due to safety concerns.]

DRUG CLASS

Antineoplastic Agents

COMPLETE LABELING [No Longer Available]

Product labeling at DailyMed, National Library of Medicine, NIH

CHEMICAL FORMULA AND STRUCTURE

View in own window

DRUG	CAS REGISTRY NO	MOLECULAR FORMULA	STRUCTURE
Umbralisib	1532533-67-7	C31-H24-F3-N5-O

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

References updated: 10 October 2023

Abbreviations: CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.

• Zimmerman HJ. Hepatotoxicity: the adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals on the liver. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1999.

  (Review of hepatotoxicity published in 1999 before the availability of small molecular weight kinase inhibitors).
• DeLeve LD. Kinase inhibitors. Gefitinib. Cancer chemotherapy. In, Kaplowitz N, DeLeve LD, eds. Drug-induced liver disease. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2013, p. 556.

  (Review of hepatotoxicity of cancer chemotherapeutic agents; does not discuss umbralisib or other PI3K inhibitors).
• Wellstein A, Giaccone G, Atkins MB, Sausville EA. Pathway-targeted therapies: monoclonal antibodies, protein kinase inhibitors, and various small molecules. In, Brunton LL, Hilal-Dandan R, Knollman BC, eds. Goodman & Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 13th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2018, pp. 1203-36.

  (Textbook of pharmacology and therapeutics).
• FDA. https://www​.accessdata​.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs​/nda/2021/213176Orig1Orig2s000TOC​.cfm

  (FDA website with initial multidiscipline clinical review of the safety and efficacy of umbralisib; states that the overall objective response rate was 49% in adults with refractory marginal zone lymphoma [n=69] and the serious adverse event rate [n=371 in a pooled safety cohort] was 26% resulting in discontinuation in 15%, while ALT elevations arose in 15-17%, which were above 5 times ULN in 7-8% and led to discontinuation in 3%, but there were instances of liver injury with jaundice or deaths from liver failure).
• Furman RR, Sharman JP, Coutre SE, Cheson BD, Pagel JM, Hillmen P, Barrientos JC, et al. Idelalisib and rituximab in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med 2014; 370: 997-1007. [PMC free article: PMC4161365] [PubMed: 24450857]

  (Among 220 patients with relapsed CLL treated in a placebo controlled trial, progression free survival improved with idelalisib and rituximab compared to rituximab alone, but side effects were more common with the combination including ALT or AST elevations [35% vs 19%], which were above 5 times ULN in 5% vs 1% and led to drug discontinuations in some patients, but there were no clinically apparent cases of liver injury).
• Curigliano G, Shah RR. Safety and Tolerability of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors in oncology. Drug Saf. 2019;42:247-262. [PubMed: 30649751]

  (Review of the safety of PI3K inhibitors which are associated with serious adverse events in up to 60% of patients, more commonly when given in combination with other antineoplastic agents, with both infectious and immune related events which can be severe and involve skin [Stevens Johnson syndrome], lung [pneumonitis], colon [colitis], and liver [usually aminotransferase elevations]).
• Burris HA 3rd, Flinn IW, Patel MR, Fenske TS, Deng C, Brander DM, Gutierrez M, et al. Umbralisib, a novel PI3Kδ and casein kinase-1ε inhibitor, in relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and lymphoma: an open-label, phase 1, dose-escalation, first-in-human study. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19:486-496. [PubMed: 29475723]

  (Among 90 patients with various forms of refractory or relapsed lymphoma or leukemia enrolled in a phase 1 dose escalating study of umbralisib [50 to 1800 mg daily] in 28 day cycles, the optimal dose identified was 800 mg daily and common adverse events included diarrhea, nausea, fatigue, myelosuppression and infections; 7 patients developed liver enzyme elevations which were above 5 times the ULN in 3 and led to drug discontinuation in 2 patients).
• Davids MS, Kim HT, Nicotra A, Savell A, Francoeur K, Hellman JM, Bazemore J, et al.; Blood Cancer Research Partnership of the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society. Umbralisib in combination with ibrutinib in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia or mantle cell lymphoma: a multicentre phase 1-1b study. Lancet Haematol. 2019;6:e38-e47. [PMC free article: PMC7132223] [PubMed: 30558987]

  (Among 42 patients with refractory or relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia [CLL] or mantle cell lymphoma treated with umbralisib [400, 600 or 800 mg daily] and ibrutinib [420 or 560 mg daily] for a median of 22 months, the overall response rate was 90% for CLL and 67% for mantle cell lymphoma, while adverse events were common and included ALT or AST elevations in 24% which were above 5 times the ULN in only 1 patient [2% ]).
• Mato AR, Ghosh N, Schuster SJ, Lamanna N, Pagel JM, Flinn IW, Barrientos JC, et al. Phase 2 study of the safety and efficacy of umbralisib in patients with CLL who are intolerant to BTK or PI3Kδ inhibitor therapy. Blood. 2021;137:2817-2826. [PMC free article: PMC8574211] [PubMed: 33259589]

  (Among 51 adults with refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia [CLL] who were switched to umbralisib, progression free survival was 24 months and adverse events included pneumonia, neutropenia, rash, and diarrhea, while ALT or AST elevations occurred in 14% which were above 5 times ULN in 6% and led to dose interruptions but no discontinuations, and no patient developed clinically apparent liver injury).
• Fowler NH, Samaniego F, Jurczak W, Ghosh N, Derenzini E, Reeves JA, Knopińska-Posłuszny W, et al. Umbralisib, a dual PI3Kδ/CK1ε Inhibitor in patients with relapsed or refractory indolent lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39:1609-1618. [PMC free article: PMC8148421] [PubMed: 33683917]

  (Among 208 adults with refractory lymphomas treated with umbralisib [800 mg daily] for a median of 28 months, the overall response rate was 86%, while 99% had at least one adverse event, most commonly diarrhea [59%], nausea [39%], fatigue [31%], cough {20%], but also rash [2%] and ALT elevations [20%], which were above 5 times ULN in 7% and led to early discontinuation in 2.4%, but there were no liver enzyme elevations accompanied by jaundice or liver related deaths).
• Smith SD, Gopal AK. Umbralisib: walking the tightrope of PI3K inhibition in indolent NHL. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39:1671-1673. [PubMed: 33861621]

  (Editorial in response to Fowler et al [2021] mentions that umbralisib has specificity for the delta [δ} isoform of PI3K kinase which is found in hematopoietic cells and plays a critical role in B cell development and function, suggesting that umbralisib may have higher potency and fewer adverse effects that more non-specific anti-PI3K inhibitors).
• Roskoski R Jr. Properties of FDA-approved small molecule phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors prescribed for the treatment of malignancies. Pharmacol Res. 2021;168:105579. [PubMed: 33774181]

  (Comprehensive review of the structure, function, clinical efficacy, indications, and status of the PI3K inhibitors currently approved and in use in the US, including idelalisib [2014], copanlisib [2017], duvelisib [2018], alpelisib [2019] and umbralisib [2021, withdrawn 2022]).
• Davids MS, O'Connor OA, Jurczak W, Samaniego F, Fenske TS, Zinzani PL, Patel MR, et al. Integrated safety analysis of umbralisib, a dual PI3Kδ/CK1ε inhibitor, in relapsed/refractory lymphoid malignancies. Blood Adv. 2021;5:5332-5343. [PMC free article: PMC9153017] [PubMed: 34547767]

  (Analysis of pooled results from 4 open label trials of umbralisib in 371 adults with various forms of refractory or relapsed non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma found adverse event rate of 99% overall with the most common being diarrhea [52%], nausea [42%], and fatigue [32%] and any ALT or AST elevation in 63 patients [17%] which were above 5 times ULN in 7%, but there were no treatment related deaths and no instances of clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice).
• Dhillon S, Keam SJ. Umbralisib: first approval. Drugs. 2021;81:857-866. [PubMed: 33797740]

  (Summary of the mechanism of action, history of development, pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy and safety of umbralisib shortly after its approval for use in the US, mentions that ALT elevations arise in up to 33% of patients and are above 5 times ULN in 8% leading to early discontinuation in 5%).
• FDA. https://www​.fda.gov/drugs​/drug-safety-and-availability​/fda-approval-lymphoma-medicine-ukoniq-umbralisib-withdrawn-due-safety-concerns

  (FDA letter announcing the withdrawal of approval of umbralisib due to the finding of excess mortality in a controlled trial of the combination of umbralisib with ublituximab [U2] compared to standard therapy for lymphoma; the sponsor also announced the voluntary withdrawal of umbralisib).