Table 2.

Classification of AIS Phenotypes

TypeExternal Genitalia (Synonyms)Findings
CAIS Female ("testicular feminization")
  • Absent OR rudimentary wolffian duct derivatives
  • Absence or presence of epididymides &/or vas deferens
  • Inguinal, labial, or abdominal testes
  • Short blind-ending vagina
  • Scant OR absent pubic &/OR axillary hair
PAIS Predominantly female ("incomplete AIS")
  • Inguinal OR labial testes
  • Clitoromegaly & labial fusion
  • Distinct urethral & vaginal openings OR aurogenital sinus
Ambiguous
  • Microphallus (<1 cm) with clitoris-like underdeveloped glans; labia majora-like bifid scrotum
  • Descended OR undescended testes
  • Perineoscrotal hypospadias OR urogenital sinus
  • Gynecomastia (development of breasts) in puberty
Predominantly male
  • Simple (glandular or penile) OR severe (perineal) "isolated" hypospadias w/normal-sized penis & descended testes OR severe hypospadias w/micropenis, bifid scrotum, & either descended or undescended testes
  • Gynecomastia in puberty
MAIS Male ("undervirilized male syndrome")
  • Impaired spermatogenesis &/OR impaired pubertal virilization
  • Gynecomastia in puberty

From: Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome

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