Table 5.

Urofacial Syndrome: Treatment of Manifestations

Manifestation/ConcernTreatmentConsiderations/Other
Urinary tract dysfunction
  • Rapid & complete antibiotic therapy for acute urinary tract infections
  • Anticholinergic & alpha-1 adrenergic blocking medications can respectively lower raised pressure w/in the bladder & enhance voiding of urine.
  • Drug treatment can be complemented by intermittent catheterization per urethra or through vesicostomy to reduce residual urine volumes, achieve continence, & reduce risk of infections.
No evidence-based guidelines exist for treatment of the urinary tract abnormalities of UFS.
Kidney disease Mgmt as nephrologist to prevent or slow progressionMgmt of severe kidney failure may warrant long-term dialysis & kidney transplantation.
Abnormal facial expression Successful treatment w/botulinum toxin has been reported in a single person & requires further eval. 1
Nocturnal lagophthalmos Typically under care of ophthalmologist:
  • Lubricant drops during day
  • Eye ointments at night
To protect cornea from exposure keratopathy 2
Bowel dysfunction Standard mgmt for constipation & encopresis

UFS = urofacial syndrome

1.
2.

From: Urofacial Syndrome

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