| Study | Arm (N) | Treatment Duration (Followup) | Population Trauma Type | Baseline PTSD Severitya | Mean Age (Y) | % Female | % Non-white | Risk of Bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boden et al., 201258 | SS (59) TAU (58) | 12 weeks | Male Combat 92% of sample had clinical PTSD | IES-R 46.8 to 47.7 | 54 | 0 | 74 | Medium |
| Church et al., 2013155 | EFT (30) WL (29) | 6 sessions (post/30 days, 3 months, 6 months) | U.S. combat Veterans | PCL-M 63.7 | 52 | 10 | NR | Medium |
| Cook et al., 2010156 | IRT (61) PsychEd (63) | 6 weeks (1, 3, and 6 months) | Male Combat | 79.5 to 81.3 | 59 | 0 | 58 | Medium |
| Ford et al., 201159 | TAR (48) PCT (53) WL (45) | 12 sessionsb (3 and 6 months) | Female Victimization or incarceration 80% of sample had clinical PTSD | 61.9 to 68.7 | 31 | 100 | 59 | Medium |
| Ford et al., 201360 | TAR (41) SGT (39) | 12 group sessions (post/after treatment) | Incarcerated women victims of interpersonal violence 78% of sample had clinical PTSD | 63 to 65 | 36 | 100 | 43 | Medium |
| Gersons et al., 200051 | BEP (22) WL (20) | 16 weeks (3 months) | Male and female police officers Trauma type NR | NR | 37 | 12 | NR | Medium |
| Hien et al., 200457 | Total 107c SS (unclear) RPC (unclear) UC (32) | 12 weeks | Female Mixed w/substance abuse disorders 80% of sample had clinical PTSD | 70.4 to 73.9 | 37 | 100 | 63 | Medium |
| Hien et al., 2009157 Hien et al., 2012158 | SS (176) PsychEdd (177) | 6 weeks | Female Mixed 88% of sample had clinical PTSD | 61.6 to 64.2 | 39 | 100 | 54 | Medium |
| Kearney et al., 2013159 | MBSR+TAU (25) TAU (22) | 8 weeks (post, 4 months) | War veterans Mixed | PCL 60 to 63 | 52 | 21 | 32 | Medium |
| Krakow et al., 200152 | IRT (88) WL (80) | 3 sessions—2 sessions 1 week apart and 1 session 3 weeks later (3 and 6 months) | Female Sexual abuse/assault | 79.6 to 81.9 | 38 | 100 | 21 | Medium |
| Langkaas et al., 2017142 | PE (31) IRT (34) | 10 weeks (post, 12 months) | Male and Female Mixed | PSS-I 33.2 to 34.9 | 45 | 58 | NR | Medium |
| Lindauer et al., 200550 | BEP (12) WL (12) | 16 weeks | Male and female Mixed | NR | 39 | 54 | NR | Medium |
| Markowitz et al., 2015132 Markowitz et al., 2016135 | PE (38) IPT (40) Relax (32) | 14 | Chronic PTSD | 68.9 to 72.1 | 40 | 77 | 35 | Medium |
| Maxwell et al., 2016124 | MEST (8) CPT (8) | 6 weeks (post, 3 months) | Male and female Mixed | MPSS-SR 54.13 to 63.50 | NR | 81 | 44 | Medium |
| Moradi et al., 2014160 | MEST (12) Control (12) | 4 (post, 3 months) | Iranian Combat male veterans | NR | 45 | 0 | 100 | Medium |
| Morath et al., 201455 | NET (17) WL (17) | 12 (4 months after treatment, 1-year followup) | Refugees and Asylum seekers | 88 | 28 | 41 | 100 | Medium |
| Neuner et al., 2004161 | NET (17) Trauma couns (14) PsychEd (12) | 3 to 4 weeks (4 and 12 months) | Male and female Sudanese refugees | PDS 19.5 to 25.2 | 33 | 61 | 100 | Medium |
| Neuner et al., 200854 | NET (111) Trauma couns (111) MG (no intervention) (55) | 3 weeks (6 months) | Male and female Rwandan and Somalian refugees | PDS 21.3 to 26.7 | 35 | 51 | 100 | Medium |
| Neuner et al., 201053 | NET (16) TAU (16) | Weekly or biweekly sessions (median 9)f | Male and female Asylum seekers | PDS 36.9 to 38.9 | 31 | 31 | NR | Medium |
| Nijdam et al., 2012154 | BEP (70) EMDR (70) | 16 weeks | Male and female Mixed | IES-R 72.8 to 79.9 | 38 | 56 | 100 | Medium |
| Polusny et al., 2015136 | MBSR (58) Group PCT (58) | 8 weeks (post, 2 months) | War veterans Mixed | 62 | 58 | 16 | 16 | Medium |
| Schnyder et al., 201149 | BEP (16) MA (14) | 16 weeks (6 months)c | Male and female Mixed 96% of sample had clinical PTSD | 73.4 to 78.6 | 40 | 47 | NR | Medium |
| van der Kolk et al., 2016162 | Neurofeed-back training (28) WL (24) | 12 weeks (post, 1 month) | Mixed | 76 to 79 | 44 | 76 | 24 | Medium |
| Zlotnick et al., 200956 | SS (27) TAU (22) | 6 to 8 weeks (3 and 6 months) | Female Mixed 83% of sample had clinical PTSD | 64.4 to 69.4 | 35 | 100 | 53 | Medium |
Data reported are mean CAPS total or range of mean CAPS total scores across groups unless otherwise specified.
Number of treatment sessions is reported when duration of treatment was not specified.
The article did not report the numbers randomized to each group. It reported the numbers analyzed in each group (41, 34, and 32, respectively). It describes baseline data for 107 subjects analyzed. Of the 128 women who met full study eligibility criteria, 115 (90%) agreed to participate, and 96 of these women were randomly assigned to the two active treatment groups (SS and RPC). Thirty-two of the 128 women became the community care comparison group; they were not randomized to that group.
Psycho Ed in this study is “Women’s Health Education.”
Only the BEP group had a followup assessment; the control group did not.
Treatment was terminated at the discretion of the therapist; range of 5 to 17 sessions provided.
Note: When mean data for baseline PTSD severity were not reported for the total sample but were presented for each study arm, we provide the range across arms.
BEP = brief eclectic psychotherapy; CAPS = Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale; EFT = emotional freedom techniques; F = female; IRT = imagery rehearsal therapy; MA = minimal attention (inactive control group); MBSR = mindfulness-based stress reduction; MEST = memory specificity training; MG = no-treatment monitoring group; MPSS-SR = Modified PTSD Symptom Scale-Self-Report; N = total number randomized/assigned to intervention and control groups; NET = narrative exposure therapy; NR = not reported; PCT = present-centered therapy; PDS = Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale; PE = prolonged exposure; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; PsychEd = psychosocial education; RPC = relapse prevention condition; SGT = Supportive Group Therapy; SS = Seeking Safety; Ssm = sleep symptom monitoring; SUD = substance use disorder; TAR = Trauma Affect Regulation; TAU = treatment as usual; trauma couns = trauma counseling; UC = usual care; WL = wait-list; y = year.
From: Results
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