| Study | Arm (N) | Duration (Followup) | Population Trauma Type | Baseline PTSD Severitya | Mean Age (Y) | % F | % Non-white | Risk of Bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asukai et al., 201010 | PE (12) UC (12) | 8 to 15 weekly sessions (3 and 12 months) | Male and female Mixed | 84.3 to 84.6 | 29 | 88 | 100 | Medium |
| Basoglu et al., 200711 | In vivo (16) WL (15) | 1 sessionb (4, 8, 12, 24 weeks and 12 months) | Male and female Natural disaster | 62.3 to 63.1 | 34 | 87 | NR | Medium |
| Bryant et al., 200341 | IE (20) IE+CR (20) SC (18) | 8 weeks | Male and female Mixed | CAPS-I intensity 32.5 to 32.9 | 35 | 52 | NR | Medium |
| Bryant et al., 200842 | PE (31) PE+CR (28) IE (31) In vivo (28) | 8 weeks | Male and female Mixed | 71.4 to 76.8 | 37 | NR | 8 | Medium |
| Coffey et al., 2016140 | mPE+MET-PTSD (40) mPE (45) HLS (41) | 9 to 12 sessions (post, 3 months, 6 months) | Mixed, combat related trauma excluded | 76 to 82 | 34 | 46 | 21 | Medium |
| Foa et al., 199914 Zoellner et al., 1999134 | PE (25) SIT (26) PE+SIT (30) WL (15) | 9 weeks (3, 6, and 9 months) | Female Assault | PSS-I 29.4 to 32.9 | 35 | 100 | 36 | Medium |
| Foa et al., 200512 | Total 190 PE (NR) PE+CR (NR) WL (NR) | 12 weeks; 9 to 12 weekly sessions (3, 6, and 12 months) | Female Assault | PSS-I 31.1 to 34.0 | 31 | 100 | 51 | Medium |
| Fonzo et al., 2017137 Fonzo et al., 201721 | PE (36) WL (30) | 9 to 12 weekly or biweekly sessions | Male and female Mixed | 66 to 71 | 36 | 65 | NR | Medium |
| Gamito et al., 2010141 | VRE (5) IE (2) WL (3) | 12 sessionsb | Male Combat | NR | 64 | 0 | NR | Medium |
| Langkaas et al., 2017142 | PE (31) IRT (34) | 10 weeks (post, 12 months) | Male and female Mixed | PSS-I 33.2 to 34.9 | 45 | 58 | NR | Medium |
| Markowitz et al., 2015132 Markowitz et al., 2016135 | PE (38) IPT (40) Relax (32) | 14 weeks | Chronic PTSD | 68.9 to 72.1 | 40 | 77 | 35 | Medium |
| Marks et al., 1998122 Lovell et al., 2001123 | PE (23) CR (19) PE+CR (24) Relax (21) | 10 sessions,b mean of 16 weeks (1, 3, and 6 months) | Male and female Mixed | CAPS Severity 2.6 to 3.2 | 38 | 36 | NR | Medium |
| Mills et al., 201220 | COPE+TAU (55) TAU (48) | 13 sessions (post) | Mixed | 89 to 91 | 34 | 62 | NR | Medium |
| Nacasch et al., 201115 | PE (15) TAU (15) | 9 to 15 weeks (12 months) | Male and female Combat | PSS-I 36.8 to 37.1 | 34 | NR | 100 | Medium |
| Reger et al., 201618 | VRE (54) PE (54) WL (54) | 10 sessions (post, 3 months, 6 months) | Activity duty military | 78 to 80 | 30 | 4 | 40 | Medium |
| Resick et al., 20023 Resick, et al., 2003125 Resick, et al., 2012126 | PE (62) CPT (62) WL (47) | 6 weeks (3 and 9 months, 5 to 10 years) | Female Sexual assault | 69.9 to 76.6 | 32 | 100 | 29 | Medium |
| Rothbaum et al., 200513 | PE (24) EMDR (26) WL (24) | 4.5 weeks (6 months) | Female Sexual assault | Data reported in graphs only | 34 | 100 | 32 | Medium |
| Ruglass et al., 2017 143 | COPE (39) Relapse Prevention (43) AMCG (28) | 12 weeks (post, 1, 2, and 3 months) | Male and female Mixed 65% with clinical PTSD | 46.39 to 57.70 | 44 | 36 | 82 | Medium |
| Schnurr et al., 2003139 | Group exposure (180) PCT (180) | 30 weeks, 5 subsequent monthly boosters (12 months total) | Male Combat | 80.4 to 82.1 | 51 | 0 | 34 | Low |
| Schnurr et al., 2007138 | PE (141) PCT (143) | 10 weeks (3 and 6 months) | Female Mixed | 77.6 to 77.9 | 45 | 100 | 46 | Medium |
| Sloan et al., 201217 | WET (22) WL (24) | 10 sessions for WET group/5 weeks for WL group (post, 18 weeks) | MVA | NR | 41 | 65 | 63 | Low |
| Tarrier et al., 1999129, 130 | IE (35) CT (37) | 16 sessions (16 weeks) (6 and 12 months) | Male and female Mixed | 71.1 to 77.8 | 39 | 42 | NR | Medium |
| Taylor et al., 2003133 | PE (22) EMDR (19) Relax (19) | 6 months | Male and female Mixed | NR | 37 | 75 | 23 | Medium |
| van den Berg et al., 201516 | PE (53) EMDR (55) WL (47) | 8 weeks (post, 6 months) | Psychotic disorders and PTSD Mixed | 70 | 41 | 54 | NR | Low |
| Wells et al., 201419 | MCT (11) PE (11) WL (10) | 8 sessions (post) | Mixed | PDS 33 to 38 | 41 | 38 | NR | Medium |
Data reported are mean CAPS or range of mean CAPS scores across groups unless another instrument is specified.
Number of treatment sessions is reported when duration of treatment was not specified
AMCG = active monitoring control group; CAPS = Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale; CAPS-I = Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale Interview; CBT = cognitive behavioral therapy; COPE = Concurrent Treatment of PTSD and Substance Use Disorders Using Prolonged Exposure; CPT = cognitive processing therapy; CR = cognitive restructuring; EMDR = eye movement desensitization and reprocessing; F = female; G = group; HLS = health information control condition; IE = imaginal exposure; in vivo = in vivo exposure; MCT = metacognitive therapy; IRT = imagery rehearsal therapy; MET-PTSD = trauma-focused motivational enhancement therapy; mPE = modified prolonged exposure; MVA = motor vehicle accident; N = number; NR = not reported; PCT = present-centered therapy; PDS = Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale; PE = prolonged exposure; PSS-I = PTSD Symptom Scale—Interview; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; relax = relaxation; SC = supportive counseling; SIT = stress inoculation training; TAU = treatment as usual; UC = usual care; VRE = virtual reality exposure; WET = written exposure therapy; WL = wait-list; y = year.
From: Results
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