| Study | Arm (N) | Treatment Duration (Followup Post Treatment) | Population Trauma Type | Baseline PTSD Severitya | Mean Age (Y) | % Female % Nonwhite |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahmadizadeh et al., 2013198 | Exposure (25) Problem solving (25) Combined (25) Control (25) | 15 sessions (3 months) | Combat related | NR | 42 | NR NR |
| Arntz et al., 2007199 | CBT-exposure (42) CBT-exposure (29) Cross-over (17) | 10 weeks (1 month) | Mixed | PSS-SR 25.0 to 29.4 | 35 | 66 28 |
| Beidel et al., 2011201 | CBT-M (18) Exposure (17) | 17 weeks (none) | Male Combat | 84.9 to 90.6 | 59 | 0 0 |
| Brom et al., 1989203 | Desen (31) Hypno (29) Psychoeducation (29) | 15 sessions (3 months) | Netherlands Mixed | IES 46.3 to 50.8 | 42 | 79 NR |
| Butollo et al., 2015204 | DET (74) CPT (74) (only 67 analyzed) | 24 sessions (6 months) | Type I Trauma Mixed | IES-R 66 to 67 | 36 | 66 NR |
| Feske et al., 2008209 | PE (11) Usual care (13) | 6 months | NR | PDS-I 34.9 to 35.2 | 43 | 100 95 |
| Foa et al., 1991210 | SIT (17) PE (14) SC (14) Waitlist (10) | 9 weeks | Female Sexual abuse, assault | Interviewer severity rating 24.4 to 25.78 | 32 | 100 27 |
| Franklin et al., 2017211 | PE via iPhone (10) PE via computer (7) TAU (8) | 10 sessions (1 month) | Veterans | 61.1 to 74.3 | 46 | 7 30 |
| Ghafoori et al., 2017214 | PE (47) PCT (24) | 12 weeks | Male and Female Complex Trauma | 53.5 to 61.2 | 35 | 83 72 |
| Ironson et al., 2002219 | EMDR (10) PE (12) | 6 weeks (3 months) | Domestic violence/child sexual abuse | PSS-SR 26.6 to 34.6 | NR | 77 NR |
| Johnson et al., 2006221 | Randomized (Total: 51)a PE (Unclear) CM (Unclear) EMDR (Unclear) Waitlist (14) | Mean number of weekly sessionsc PE: 9.66 EMDR: 6.33 WL: 5.89 (3 months) | Female Mixed | 61.8 to 82.0 | 39 | 100 17 |
| Keane et al., 1989223 | Flooding (11) Waitlist (13) | 14 to 16 sessionsb (6 months) | Male Combat | PTSD Symptom Checklist 36.4 to 36.5 | 35 | 0 21 |
| McLay et al., 2011232 | VR-exposure (10) Usual care (10) | 10 weeks | Active duty service members | 82.8 to 83.5 | 24 | 5 NR |
| Paunovic et al., 2001239 | Exposure (10) CBT-M (10) | 16 to 20 weeks (6 months) | Male and female Refugees | 95.1 to 98.4 | 38 | 15 NR |
| Rauch et al., 2015245 | PE (18) PCT (18) | 10-12 sessions | Military veterans | 77 to 79 | 32 | 8 17 |
| Ready et al., 2010246 | VR (6) PCT (5) | 10 sessions (6 months) | Male Combat | 93.8 | 58 | 0 46 |
| Vera et al., 2011255 | PE (7) UC (7) | 15 sessions | Spanish Speaking Puerto Ricans Mixed | 53 to 73 | 46 | 0 100 |
The number of participants randomized to each active treatment group was not reported. A total of 27 participants from the active treatment groups were analyzed, 9 in each treatment group.
CBT-M = cognitive behavioral therapy mixed; CAPS = Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV; CPT = cognitive processing therapy; CM = Counting Method; CR = cognitive restructuring; desen = desensitization; DET = dialogical exposure therapy; EMDR = eye movement desensitization and reprocessing; F = female; f/u = followup; hypno = hypnotherapy; IES = Impact of Event Scale; IES-R = Impact of Event Scale – revised; NR = not reported; PCT = present-centered therapy (a type of supportive therapy); PE = prolonged exposure; PSS = PTSD symptom scale;; relax = relaxation; SC = supportive control; SIT = stress inoculation training; y = year.
From: Appendix G, Documentation of Trials Rated High Risk of Bias
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