Table 15Quality of life outcomes for nonpharmacological interventions versus sham/no treatment*

Intervention AIntervention BBotherDaily ActivitiesDistressGeneral HealthMental HealthPainSexual HealthSleep/Energy
Behavioral vs. PlaceboAcupunctureSham1 (20):
1 NS
Bladder supportSham1 (46):
 1 favor† A		1 (46):
 1 NS		1 (46):
 1 favor A		1 (46):
 1 NS
Bladder training, PFMTSham1 (108):
 1 NS
Education, bladder training, PFMTSham1 (103):
 1 NS		4 (443):
 2 favor A
 2 NS		1 (45):
 1 NS		1 (45):
 1 NS		2 (148):
 2 NS		1 (45):
 1 NS
Education, weight lossSham1 (48):
 1 favor A		1 (48):
 1 favor A		1 (48):
 1 favor A		1 (48):
 1 favor A
ElectroacupunctureSham2 (102):
 1 favor A
 1 disc
PFMTSham6 (379):
 4 favor A
 2 NS		7 (513):
 2 disc
 5 NS		1 (247):
 1 favor A		4 (327):
 2 disc
 2 NS		2 (85):
 1 favor A
 1 NS		2 (160):
 1 disc
 1 NS
PFMT, biofeedbackSham1 (31):
 1 favor A		1 (32):
 1 disc
PFMT, weightsSham1 (41):
 1 disc		1 (57):
 1 favor A
YogaSham1 (18):
 1 NS		1 (18):
 1 favor A
Neuromodulation vs. PlaceboMagnetic simulationSham4 (204):
 2 favor A
 2 disc		2 (121):
 2 NS		1 (34):
 1 favor A		1 (20):
 1 NS		1 (20):
 1 NS		1 (20):
 1 NS
TENSSham1 (161):
 1 favor A		1 (27):
 1 NS		1 (27):
 1 NS		3 (208):
 1 favor A
 2 disc		2 (222):
 2 favor A
Behavioral + Neuromodulation vs. PlaceboTENS, PFMTSham1 (60):
 1 disc		2 (122):
 2 disc
TENS, PFMT, biofeedbackSham1 (30):
 1 favor A
Other vs. PlaceboIntravesical pressure release deviceSham1 (115):
 1 NS

Empty cells indicate that the intervention was not evaluated for the outcome designated in the given column

Abbreviations: disc = discordant findings; NS = non-significant; PFMT = pelvic floor muscle training; TENS = transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.

*

Results are given as number of studies (number of people), number of studies with significant difference and which intervention it favors, number of studies with discordant results (that is, within the same study, significant differences favoring one intervention were found on one scale or subscale, but nonsignificant differences were found on others, number of studies with nonsignificant differences.

†

Favor indicates a statistically significant (net) difference favoring the specified intervention.

From: Results

Cover of Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review Update
Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review Update [Internet].
Comparative Effectiveness Review, No. 212.
Balk E, Adam GP, Kimmel H, et al.
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