Table 4.

Treatment of Manifestations in Individuals with Warsaw Syndrome

Manifestation/
Concern		Treatment
Poor weight
gain / Failure
to thrive
  • Optimize nutritional needs in those w/failure to thrive.
  • Supplementary formulas &/or gastrostomy tube as needed
Hearing loss
  • Hearing aids should be considered in those w/non-profound hearing loss (rarely beneficial if there is complete absence of cochlear nerve).
  • Cochlear implantation, if cochlear nerve is present
  • Auditory brain stem implant is an optional treatment. 1
  • Establish an appropriate system of communication & hearing habilitation immediately w/diagnosis of hearing loss; may include sign language in addition to auditory & speech therapy.
  • Offer educational programs designed for those w/hearing impairment.
Cardiac anomalies Treatment per cardiologist
Genitourinary
anomalies 		Treatment per nephrologist &/or urologist
Developmental
delay 		Provide:
  • Early intervention & psychological evals;
  • Ongoing PT, OT, & speech therapy to optimize developmental outcomes.

OT = occupational therapy; PT = physical therapy

1.

From: Warsaw Syndrome

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