Armoiry et al., 201818 United Kingdom One of eight authors received funding from a manufacturer | A systematic review and network meta-analysis of the short- and long-term clinical effectiveness of first-generation DMTs in people with CIS Included: Five RCTs (PReCISe, REFLEX, CHAMPS, Pakdaman, BENEFIT) with short-term results from double-blinded periods and long-term results from open-label extensions; published between 2000 and 2012.a Excluded: Long-term follow-up studies of immediate versus delayed therapy | Patients with a single clinical event and evidence of clinically silent lesions based on MRI Mean age (PreCISe, n=481): 31.2±6.9 years Mean age (REFLEX, n=292): 30.7 years Mean age (CHAMPS, n=383): 33.0±0.7 years Mean age (Pakdaman, n=202): 28.0 years Median age (BENEFIT, n=487): 30 years OR Mean age (CHAMPS, Pakdaman, PreCISe, REFLEX, n=1358): 31.1 years Median age (BENEFIT, n=487): 30 years % female (PreCISe, n=481): 67% % female (REFLEX, n=292): 66% % female (CHAMPS, n=383): 75% % female (Pakdaman, n=202): 67.8% % female (BENEFIT, n=487): 70.7% OR % female (n=1845): 69% Exclusion criteria: NR | Intervention: 20 mg SC GA daily (PreCISe, n=243) 44 mcg IFN β-1a SC thrice weekly (REFLEX, n=146)b 30 mcg IFN β-1a IM weekly (CHAMPS, Pakdaman, n=297) 250 mcg IFN β-1b SC every other day (BENEFIT, n=305) Comparator: Placebo (n=854) | Time to CDMS, discontinuation due to AEs Follow-up: 2 years (REFLEX, BENEFIT), 3 years (PreCISe, CHAMPS, Pakdaman) Results of long-term outcomes from the open-label extension periods were not included in this report |