| Weighted Means or Proportionsa |
All Comparisons |
Vs. UC/WL |
All Comparisons |
Vs. UC/WL |
Vs. PA Alone |
Vs. Psychological Therapy Alone |
Vs. Pharmacologic Therapy Alone |
Vs. PA + Pharmacologic Therapy | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N population | 2484 | 2263 | 397 | 5823 | 2706 | 2363 | 531 | 311 | 116 |
| # of unique RCTs | 7 | 7 | 1 | 41 | 23 | 15 | 5 | 5 | 2 |
| # publications | 10 | 10 | 2 | 58 | 30 | 21 | 6 | 13 | 3 |
| # RCTs conducted in United States | 4 | 4 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Mean age (years) (n trials) b | 56.7 (6) | 56.8 (6) | 63.4 | 45.4 (35) | 45.8 (19) | 43.8 (11) | 45.5 (4) | 47.0 (4) | 47.3 (1) |
| % Male (n trials) | 48% (7) | 50% (7) | 27% | 40% (40) | 36% (21) | 47% (14) | 38% (4) | 29% (4) | 0% (1) |
| % Disabled (n trials) | 33% (6) | 36% (6) | 6% | 57% (19) | 71% (6) | 66% (7) | 62% (3) | 10% (2) | 23% (1) |
| % Nonwhite (n trials) | 31% (4) | 31% (4) | 43% | 6% (8) | 7% (5) | NR (0) | NR (0) | 2% (1) | NR (0) |
| Mean pain/disease duration, months (n trials) | 153 (3) | 153 (3) | NR (0) | 110 (23) | 123 (14) | 46 (6) | 95 (5) | 102 (4) | 196 (1) |
| Mean baseline pain score (0-10) (n trials) | 5.3 (4) | 5.3 (4) | NR (0) | 5.5 (25) | 4.9 (13) | 4.4 (7) | 5.4 (3) | 6.6 (3) | 4.5 (2) |
| % LBP | 30% | 33% | 0% | 52% | 38% | 69% | 25% | 57% | 47% |
| % OA, RA | 34% | 37% | 100% | 7% | 16% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| % FM, CWP | 18% | 10% | 0% | 16% | 21% | 7% | 0% | 43% | 53% |
| % Neck, shoulder pain | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| % Mixed/multiple pain conditions | 19% | 21% | 0% | 22% | 20% | 22% | 75% | 0% | 0% |
| % Other | 0% | 0% | 0% | 3% | 7% | 18% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| % Depression diagnosis (n trials) | 18% (1) | 18% (1) | 0% | 20% (7) | 20% (6) | 18% (3) | 11% (1) | NR (0) | NR (0) |
| % Anxiety diagnosis (n trials) | 13% (1) | 13% (1) | 0% | 32% (4) | 35% (5) | 22% (1) | 22% (1) | NR (0) | NR (0) |
| % PTSD diagnosis (n trials) | 17% (1) | 17% (1) | 0% | NR (0) | NR (0) | NR (0) | NR (0) | NR (0) | NR (0) |
| % Overweight, obese (n trials) | 56% (1) | 56% (1) | 0% | 77% (1) | NR (0) | NR (0) | NR (0) | NR (0) | NR (0) |
| % SUD (n trials) | NR (0) | NR (0) | NR (0) | NR (0) | NR (0) | 9% (1) | 14% (1) | NR (0) | NR (0) |
| % Suicidal ideation (n trials) | NR (0) | NR (0) | NR (0) | 5% (2) | 9% (3) | NR (0) | NR (0) | 0% (1) | 0% (1) |
| % Smoking (n trials) | NR | NR | NR | 34% (8) | 41% (3) | 45% (3) | NR | 5% (2) | NR (0) |
| # Fair-quality RCTs (% of total) | 6 (86%) | 6 (86%) | 1 (100%) | 29 (71%) | 15 (65%) | 13 (87%) | 3 (60%) | 3 (60%) | 1 (50%) |
| # Poor-quality RCTs (% of total) | 1 (14%) | 1 (14%) | NA | 12 (29%) | 8 (35%) | 2 (13%) | 2 (40%) | 2 (40%) | 1 (50%) |
CPMP = comprehensive pain management program; CWP = chronic widespread pain; FM = fibromyalgia; IPMP = Integrated Pain Management Programs; LBP = low back pain; NA = not applicable; NR = Not reported; OA = osteoarthritis; PTSD = post-traumatic stress disorder; RA = rheumatoid arthritis; SUD = substance use disorder
Some trials did not report the baseline demographic/characteristics listed. The weighted mean or proportion was calculated from the number of trials (i.e., n trials) that did report that variable
Data are for one trial with three arms
From: Appendix B, Results Overview
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