TABLE 28

Smoking and nutrition at baseline by Health Service Model

Smoking and nutritionHealth Service ModelComparison test: p-value
All (N = 363)Dedicated Centre (N = 96)Mobile Team (N = 96)Specialist GP (N = 96)Usual Care GP (N = 75)
Smoking habits (baseline), n (%)
Currently smoke319 (88.1)85 (89.5)77 (80.2)93 (96.9)64 (85.3)Chi-squared: 0.004
Smoke ≥ 20a per day70 (21.1)25 (29.8)13 (14.6)15 (17.6)17 (23.3)Chi-squared: 0.077
Received help from CSS with smokingb (N = 313 current smokers)109 (34.8)29 (34.9)24 (31.2)30 (32.6)26 (42.6)Chi-squared: 0.855
Nutrition (baseline)
Number of days per week has a mealc (N = 342), n (%)
  ≤ 170 (20.5)18 (20.0)20 (21.7)19 (20.9)13 (18.8)Chi-squared: 0.680
  2 or 376 (22.2)18 (20.0)16 (17.4)22 (24.2)20 (29.0)
  4 or 530 (8.8)6 (6.7)12 (13.0)6 (6.6)6 (8.7)
  ≥ 6166 (48.5)48 (53.3)44 (47.8)44 (48.4)30 (43.5)
Number of days per week has a meal,c median (IQR)5 (2–7)6.5 (2–7)5.25 (2–7)4 (2–7)4.5 (2–7)Kruskal–Wallis: 0.909
Has fruit/vegetables once per week or lessd (N = 347), n (%)87 (25.1)25 (27.5)22 (23.2)25 (26.6)15 (22.4)Chi-squared: 0.840
Has problems getting meals/eating healthily (N = 360), n (%)193 (53.6)47 (50.0)44 (45.8)53 (55.2)49 (66.2)Chi-squared: 0.054
Received help from CSS regarding healthy eatingb (N = 362), n (%)103 (28.5)36 (37.9)23 (24.0)34 (35.4)10 (13.3)Chi-squared: 0.001

IQR, interquartile range.

a

Cigarettes or roll-ups.

b

In preceding 4 months.

c

Containing protein such as meat, fish or vegetarian equivalent.

d

At least one portion.

From: Chapter 9, Health status and well-being over time

Cover of Integration, effectiveness and costs of different models of primary health care provision for people who are homeless: an evaluation study
Integration, effectiveness and costs of different models of primary health care provision for people who are homeless: an evaluation study.
Health and Social Care Delivery Research, No. 11.16.
Crane M, Joly L, Daly BJM, et al.
Copyright © 2023 Crane et al.

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