Table 3Risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation with use of an NSAID compared with nonuse of NSAIDs, systematic review of observational studies97

NSAIDNumber of StudiesPooled Estimate (95% CI)
Celecoxib41.4 (0.85 to 2.4)
Meloxicam44.2 (2.6 to 6.6)
Naproxen65.6 (3.8 to 8.3)
Ibuprofen52.7 (2.2 to 3.3)
Diclofenac64.0 (3.4 to 4.7)
Indomethacin55.4 (4.2 to 7.0)
Ketoprofen55.6 (3.9 to 7.9)
Piroxicam59.9 (6.0 to 16)
Ketorolac215 (5.9 to 36)

CI = confidence interval; NSAID = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

From: Results

Cover of Analgesics for Osteoarthritis
Analgesics for Osteoarthritis: An Update of the 2006 Comparative Effectiveness Review [Internet].
Comparative Effectiveness Reviews, No. 38.
Chou R, McDonagh MS, Nakamoto E, et al.
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