CXCL10 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: CXCL10provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:10637
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000169245 MIM:147310; AllianceGenome:HGNC:10637
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: C7; IFI10; INP10; IP-10; crg-2; mob-1; SCYB10; gIP-10
Summary: This antimicrobial gene encodes a chemokine of the CXC subfamily and ligand for the receptor CXCR3. Binding of this protein to CXCR3 results in pleiotropic effects, including stimulation of monocytes, natural killer and T-cell migration, and modulation of adhesion molecule expression. This gene may also be a key regulator of the 'cytokine storm' immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2020]
Annotation information: Note: This gene has been reviewed for its involvement in coronavirus biology, and is involved in cytokine storm inflammatory response.
Expression: Broad expression in appendix (RPKM 54.9), lymph node (RPKM 28.7) and 14 other tissues See more
Orthologs: all
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Genomic context

Location:: 4q21.1

Exon count:: 4

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	4	NC_000004.12 (76021118..76023497, complement)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	4	NC_060928.1 (79361779..79364158, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	4	NC_000004.11 (76942271..76944650, complement)

Chromosome 4 - NC_000004.12 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

CXCL9, CXCL10, and CCL19 synergistically recruit T lymphocytes to skin in lichen planus.
Title: CXCL9, CXCL10, and CCL19 synergistically recruit T lymphocytes to skin in lichen planus.
Deciphering the mediating role of CXCL10 in hypothyroidism-induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in European ancestry: a Mendelian randomization study.
Title: Deciphering the mediating role of CXCL10 in hypothyroidism-induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in European ancestry: a Mendelian randomization study.
Dysregulated tryptophan metabolism and AhR pathway contributed to CXCL10 upregulation in stable non-segmental vitiligo.
Title: Dysregulated tryptophan metabolism and AhR pathway contributed to CXCL10 upregulation in stable non-segmental vitiligo.
Mechanistic insights into SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induction of the chemokine CXCL10.
Title: Mechanistic insights into SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induction of the chemokine CXCL10.
Expression of ISG60 is induced by TLR3 signaling in BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells: Possible involvement in CXCL10 expression.
Title: Expression of ISG60 is induced by TLR3 signaling in BEAS‑2B bronchial epithelial cells: Possible involvement in CXCL10 expression.
Increased CXCL10 (IP-10) is associated with advanced myeloproliferative neoplasms and its loss dampens erythrocytosis in mouse models.
Title: Increased CXCL10 (IP-10) is associated with advanced myeloproliferative neoplasms and its loss dampens erythrocytosis in mouse models.
Augmentation of tumor expression of HLA-DR, CXCL9, and CXCL10 may improve olfactory neuroblastoma immunotherapeutic responses.
Title: Augmentation of tumor expression of HLA-DR, CXCL9, and CXCL10 may improve olfactory neuroblastoma immunotherapeutic responses.
Coinfection with respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus increases IFN-lambda1 and CXCL10 expression in human primary bronchial epithelial cells.
Title: Coinfection with respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus increases IFN-λ1 and CXCL10 expression in human primary bronchial epithelial cells.
Induction of SK-MEL-28 Invasion by Brain Cortical Cell-Conditioned Medium Through CXCL10 Signaling.
Title: Induction of SK-MEL-28 Invasion by Brain Cortical Cell-Conditioned Medium Through CXCL10 Signaling.
The IFN-gamma-CXCL9/CXCL10-CXCR3 axis in vitiligo: Pathological mechanism and treatment.
Title: The IFN-γ-CXCL9/CXCL10-CXCR3 axis in vitiligo: Pathological mechanism and treatment.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (699)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Replication interactions

Interaction	Pubs
Clinical samples of serum from patients infected with HIV-1 subtypes B and C exhibited upregulated levels of CXCL10 (IP10) and CCL5 (RANTES)	PubMed
Clinical samples of cerebrospinal fluid from patients infected with HIV-1 subtypes B and C exhibited upregulated levels of IL7, IL10, CXCL10 (IP10), CCL2 (MCP1), and CCL3 (MIP1A)	PubMed
HIV-1 infected patient clinical samples exhibit an upregulation of CXCL10 and soluble CD163, which correlates with viral load	PubMed

Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120	env	Curcumin, a potent and safe anti-inflammatory compound, inhibits HIV-1 gp120-mediated upregulation of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6, and the chemokines IL-8, RANTES, and IP-10 in primary human genital epithelial cells	PubMed
	env	Upregulation of the human proteins CCL2, CX3CL1, IL-1beta, and CXCL10 by HIV-1 gp120 involves CB2 receptor in mesencephalic neuronal/glial culture model	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120 inhibits CpG-A-induced secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IP-10 proteins in plasmacytoid dendritic cells and PBMCs	PubMed
	env	CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 gp120 augments the expression of RANTES, IP-10, MCP-1, and LTN in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), while CCR5-tropic HIV-1 gp120 also induces an increase in both IP-10 and MCP-1 production	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120 inhibits TLR9-mediated upregulation of CD83 and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6, and chemokine IP10 in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC)	PubMed
Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41	env	A synthetic peptide corresponding to the immunosuppressive domain (amino acids 574-592) of HIV-1 gp41 downregulates the expression of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10) in peptide-treated PBMCs	PubMed
Nef	nef	Nef from the brain-derived HIV-1 isolate YU-2 remarkably upregulates IP-10 expression, which leads to neural cell death	PubMed
Tat	tat	HIV-1 Tat upregulates CXCL10 mRNA and protein expression in CRT-MG human astroglioma cells	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat upregulates IP-10 expression through a MAPK dependent mechanism in astrocytes and also induces IP-10 expression in immature dendritic cells, an effect that may facilitate expansion of HIV-1 infection	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 and the viral protein Tat modulate the expression of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10; IP-10) in immature dendritic cells and monocyte-derived macrophages	PubMed
	tat	The synergistic upregulation of CXCL10 expression by HIV-1 Tat and IFN-gamma is inhibited by mu-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist beta-funaltrexamine in human astrocytes	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat inhibits CpG-A-induced secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IP-10 proteins in plasmacytoid dendritic cells and PBMCs	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat in combination with IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha increases CXCL10 mRNA and protein in human astrocytes through the activation of the p38, Jnk, and Akt signaling pathways and their downstream transcription factors, NF-kappaB and STAT-1alpha	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat increases CXCL10 expression in IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha stimulated human astrocytes via NADPH oxidase	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat increases IP-10 protein production in a time-dependent manner in both HCV-infected and uninfected human Huh7.5.1 cells	PubMed
	tat	JAK/STAT pathway plays a major role in Tat/IFN-gamma-mediated CXCL10 induction in macrophages	PubMed
	tat	Tat and IFN-gamma synergistically induce the expression of CXCL10, which is inhibited by MEK1/2 inhibitor and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat can downregulate CXCR3-mediated functions by inhibiting the chemotactic activity of IP-10/CXCL10, an effect mediated by Tat amino acids 25-31	PubMed
Vpr	vpr	HIV-1 Vpr upregulates the expression of CXCL10 in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells	PubMed
capsid	gag	Infection with HIV-1 CA mutant N74D upregulates the expression of CXCL10 in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages	PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

CXCL10__1179 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:280631

G33799 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:11130

G33388 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:50310

D4S3268 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:4584

STS-X02530 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:38645

SHGC4-1008 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:1271

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables CXCR chemokine receptor binding	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables CXCR3 chemokine receptor binding	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulator activity	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables chemoattractant activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables chemokine activity	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
enables chemokine activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables heparin binding	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables signaling receptor binding	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in T cell chemotaxis	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in antiviral innate immune response	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in blood circulation	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in cell surface receptor signaling pathway	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in cell-cell signaling	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to heat	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to interleukin-17	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to virus	IEP Inferred from Expression Pattern more info	PubMed
involved_in chemokine-mediated signaling pathway	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in chemokine-mediated signaling pathway	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in endothelial cell activation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in inflammatory response	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in killing of cells of another organism	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in muscle organ development	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of angiogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of myoblast differentiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of myoblast fusion	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in neutrophil chemotaxis	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info
involved_in positive chemotaxis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of T cell migration	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of monocyte chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of T cell chemotaxis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of apoptotic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of cell population proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to auditory stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to gamma radiation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to vitamin D	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in signal transduction	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in external side of plasma membrane	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
located_in extracellular region	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor more info

General protein information

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Preferred Names: C-X-C motif chemokine 10

Names: 10 kDa interferon gamma-induced protein; gamma IP10; interferon-inducible cytokine IP-10; protein 10 from interferon (gamma)-induced cell line; small inducible cytokine subfamily B (Cys-X-Cys), member 10; small-inducible cytokine B10

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_001565.4 → NP_001556.2 C-X-C motif chemokine 10 precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001556.2

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AA505379, BC010954

Consensus CDS

CCDS43240.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P02778, Q96QJ5

Related

ENSP00000305651.1, ENST00000306602.3

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cd00273
Location:27 → 91

Chemokine_CXC; 1 of 4 subgroup designations based on the arrangement of the two N-terminal cysteine residues; includes a number of secreted growth factors and interferons involved in mitogenic, chemotactic, and inflammatory activity; many members contain an RCxC motif ...