IL10 interleukin 10 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene

Summary

Official Symbol: IL10provided by HGNC
Official Full Name: interleukin 10provided by HGNC
Primary source: HGNC:HGNC:5962
See related: Ensembl:ENSG00000136634 MIM:124092; AllianceGenome:HGNC:5962
Gene type: protein coding
RefSeq status: REVIEWED
Organism: Homo sapiens
Lineage: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as: CSIF; TGIF; GVHDS; IL-10; IL10A
Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine produced primarily by monocytes and to a lesser extent by lymphocytes. This cytokine has pleiotropic effects in immunoregulation and inflammation. It down-regulates the expression of Th1 cytokines, MHC class II Ags, and costimulatory molecules on macrophages. It also enhances B cell survival, proliferation, and antibody production. This cytokine can block NF-kappa B activity, and is involved in the regulation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Knockout studies in mice suggested the function of this cytokine as an essential immunoregulator in the intestinal tract. Mutations in this gene are associated with an increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and rheumatoid arthritis. [provided by RefSeq, May 2020]
Annotation information: Note: This gene has been reviewed for its involvement in coronavirus biology, and is involved in cytokine storm inflammatory response.
Expression: Broad expression in appendix (RPKM 3.8), lymph node (RPKM 2.5) and 16 other tissues See more
Orthologs: mouse all
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Genomic context

Location:: 1q32.1

Exon count:: 7

Annotation release	Status	Assembly	Chr	Location
RS_2024_08	current	GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40)	1	NC_000001.11 (206767602..206772494, complement)
RS_2024_08	current	T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1)	1	NC_060925.1 (206031803..206036695, complement)
RS_2024_09	previous assembly	GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25)	1	NC_000001.10 (206940947..206945839, complement)

Chromosome 1 - NC_000001.11 Genomic Context describing neighboring genes

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to reference sequence details

Genomic Sequence:

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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See details

Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
BioProject: PRJEB4337
Publication: PMID 24309898
Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?

Spatial microniches of IL-2 combine with IL-10 to drive lung migratory TH2 cells in response to inhaled allergen.
Title: Spatial microniches of IL-2 combine with IL-10 to drive lung migratory T(H)2 cells in response to inhaled allergen.
Decreased Hepatic and Serum Levels of IL-10 Concur with Increased Lobular Inflammation in Morbidly Obese Patients.
Title: Decreased Hepatic and Serum Levels of IL-10 Concur with Increased Lobular Inflammation in Morbidly Obese Patients.
Genetic variants of IL-10 promoter influence susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and disease progression in the Polish population: IL-10 polymorphisms and HIV-1.
Title: Genetic variants of IL-10 promoter influence susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and disease progression in the Polish population: IL-10 polymorphisms and HIV-1.
IL-10 and IL-18: Key players in liver damage associated with hepatitis A virus infection.
Title: IL-10 and IL-18: Key players in liver damage associated with hepatitis A virus infection.
Diagnostic utility of sortilin & other biomarkers in the diagnosis of carotid & coronary atherosclerosis in individuals with arterial hypertension.
Title: Diagnostic utility of sortilin & other biomarkers in the diagnosis of carotid & coronary atherosclerosis in individuals with arterial hypertension.
Seasonal distribution and correlation between IL-10 and IL-13 gene polymorphism and their expression in scabies-infected patients.
Title: Seasonal distribution and correlation between IL-10 and IL-13 gene polymorphism and their expression in scabies-infected patients.
IL10 promoter variants are associated with gene expression but they are not markers of susceptibility to acute coronary syndrome.
Title: IL10 promoter variants are associated with gene expression but they are not markers of susceptibility to acute coronary syndrome.
IL-10 A-Allele as a Biomarker for Periodontitis Severity in Bulgarian Patients.
Title: IL-10 A-Allele as a Biomarker for Periodontitis Severity in Bulgarian Patients.
Evaluation of PD-1 and interleukin-10-receptor expression by T lymphocytes in malignant and benign pleural effusions.
Title: Evaluation of PD-1 and interleukin-10-receptor expression by T lymphocytes in malignant and benign pleural effusions.
LncRNA NEAT1/miR-211/IL-10 Axis Regulates Inflammation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Acute Myocardial Infarction.
Title: LncRNA NEAT1/miR-211/IL-10 Axis Regulates Inflammation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (2678)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Associated conditions

Description	Tests
Graft-versus-host disease, susceptibility to MedGen: C3280677 OMIM: 614395 GeneReviews: Not available	Compare labs
Rheumatoid arthritis MedGen: C0003873 OMIM: 180300 GeneReviews: Not available	Compare labs
Susceptibility to HIV infection MedGen: C1836230 OMIM: 609423 GeneReviews: Not available	Compare labs

EBI GWAS Catalog

Description
Genome-wide association analysis of autoantibody positivity in type 1 diabetes cases. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Genome-wide association identifies multiple ulcerative colitis susceptibility loci. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Genome-wide association studies identify IL23R-IL12RB2 and IL10 as Beh&#x000e7;et's disease susceptibility loci. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Genome-wide association study and meta-analysis find that over 40 loci affect risk of type 1 diabetes. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Genome-wide association study for ulcerative colitis identifies risk loci at 7q22 and 22q13 (IL17REL). EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Genome-wide association study identifies variants in the MHC class I, IL10, and IL23R-IL12RB2 regions associated with Beh&#x000c3;&#x000a7;et's disease. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Genome-wide association study of ulcerative colitis identifies three new susceptibility loci, including the HNF4A region. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Genome-wide meta-analysis increases to 71 the number of confirmed Crohn's disease susceptibility loci. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Meta-analysis identifies 29 additional ulcerative colitis risk loci, increasing the number of confirmed associations to 47. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed
Sequence variants in IL10, ARPC2 and multiple other loci contribute to ulcerative colitis susceptibility. EBI GWAS Catalog EBI GWAS CatalogPubMed

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

HIV-1 interactions

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Replication interactions

Interaction	Pubs
Clinical samples of cerebrospinal fluid from patients infected with HIV-1 subtypes B and C exhibited upregulated levels of IL7, IL10, CXCL10 (IP10), CCL2 (MCP1), and CCL3 (MIP1A)	PubMed

Protein interactions

Protein	Gene	Interaction	Pubs
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp120	env	HIV-1 IIIB Env (gp120) upregulates production of TNF (TNF-a), IL-17A, CCL2 (MCP1), CCL5 (RANTES), IL6, IL10, CXCL8 (IL8), CXCL1 (GRO-a), and CCL1 (I309) in stimulated monocyte derived macrophages	PubMed
	env	Cytokines induced in vitro by HIV-1 gp120 in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) include interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6, IL-10, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120 upregulates the expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10) in human B cells	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120-expanded CD33+ myeloid derived suppressor cells increase IL-10 production and CD4+/CD25+/FoxP3+ regulatory T-cell levels in T-cell cocultures	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120-induced release of IL-10 depends on the activation of Raf-1 along with NF-kappaB p65 in immature dentritic cells	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120 recruits SOCS-3 through IL-10 activation for suppressing IL-6 and IL-6 dependent STAT3 in immature dentritic cells	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120-induced release of IL-10 inhibits STAT3 activation, leading to suppress HIV-1 Nef-induced IL-6 secretion in immature dentritic cells	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120 induces the release of cytokines MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha in immature dentritic cells	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120 induces IL-10 expression in monocyte-derived dendritic cells via a mannose C-type lectin receptor and ERK signaling pathway	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120 cooperates with BAFF and cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 to activate mannose C-type lectin receptors-expressing B cells	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp120-induced reduction of IL-12 parallels IL-10 induction and inhibits translocation of CD40 to the surface of monocytes	PubMed
Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	env	IL-10-producing B cells in HIV-1 infection are enriched for HIV-1 trimeric Env specificity	PubMed
	env	HIV-infected cells are responsible for higher IL-10 secretion after activation, which serves as one of the reasons for suppressed CD8 responses to HIV-1 Pol and Env	PubMed
	env	Chimeric HIV-1 gp140 - CD40L trimers can target and activate dendritic cells to release IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12	PubMed
Envelope transmembrane glycoprotein gp41	env	A synthetic peptide corresponding to the immunosuppressive domain (amino acids 574-592) of HIV-1 gp41 inhibits activation of PBMCs and upregulates the expression of IL-10 in peptide-treated PBMCs	PubMed
	env	HIV-1 gp41 induces IL-10 expression in human monocytes and gp41-induced IL-10 expression leads to reduced IL-2 and interferon-gamma production	PubMed
	env	Mutations L576A, Q577A, A578G, R579A, E584A, and D589A in the conserved immunosuppressive domain (amino acids 576-589) of HIV-1 gp41 significantly downregulate IL-10 release from human PBMCs	PubMed
	env	Secretion of IL-10 is upregulated by HIV-1 gp41 in monocytes through activation of cAMP/adenylate cyclase and p70 (S6)-kinase; up-regulation of IL-10 is paralleled by an enhanced expression of the chemokine receptor CCR5	PubMed
	env	IL-10 inhibits gp41-induced IL-6 production and reduces the expression of IL-6 mRNA	PubMed
Nef	nef	HIV-1 Nef induces the release of cytokines MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha in immature dentritic cells	PubMed
	nef	HIV-1 Nef significantly upregulates IL-10 protein and mRNA expression in monocytes but not in T or B lymphocytes; by contrast, SEA induced IL-10 protein and mRNA expression in T lymphocytes but not in monocytes or B lymphocytes	PubMed
	nef	HIV-1 gp120-induced release of IL-10 inhibits STAT3 activation, leading to suppress HIV-1 Nef-induced IL-6 secretion in immature dentritic cells	PubMed
	nef	HIV-1 Nef inhibits IFN-gamma-induced apoptosis and upregulates TNF-alpha, IL-6 and MIP-3alpha production by Caco-2 cells while downregulating IL-10 production	PubMed
	nef	HIV-1 Nef suppresses immunoglobulin class-switch DNA recombination by inducing IkappaBalpha and SOCS proteins, which block CD154, IL-4 and IL-10 cytokine signaling via NF-kappaB and STAT transcription factors	PubMed
	nef	Herbimycin A significantly blocks HIV-1 Nef-induced production of IL-10 at both the protein and the mRNA level, demonstrating the involvement of a herbimycin A-sensitive Protein tyrosine kinase in the signal transduction pathway for exogenous HIV-1 Nef	PubMed
	nef	Extracellular HIV-1 Nef induces interleukin (IL)-10 mRNA expression in human PBMCs as well as in H9 T and U937 promonocytic human cell lines; release of IL-10 into supernatants from PBMCs stimulated with Nef is dose-dependent	PubMed
Pol	gag-pol	HIV-infected cells are responsible for higher IL-10 secretion after activation, which serves as one of the reasons for suppressed CD8 responses to HIV-1 Pol and Env	PubMed
Pr55(Gag)	gag	Expression of IL-10 is significantly upregulated in mature dendritic cells after transduction with ubiquitinated Gag compared to unubiquitinated Gag constructs	PubMed
	gag	IL-10 production in response to HIV-1 gag stimulation is observed in a subset of CD8(+) T cells with a CD25(-)/ FoxP3(-) phenotype	PubMed
	gag	HIV-1 Gag virus-like particles expressed by recombinant baculoviruses activate human PBMC to release IL-10 in a dose and time dependent manner	PubMed
	gag	Immunosuppressive peptides corresponding to amino acids 218-238 of the Capsid protein of HIV-1 Gag upregulate prostaglandin E2 production and induce IL-10 secretion	PubMed
Tat	tat	HIV-1 Tat activates TLR4, which induces production of TNF and IL10 in human monocytes	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat upregulates expression of IL-10 in peripheral blood monocytes, macrophages, and T-cell lines through a protein kinase C dependent mechanism involving NF-kappa B, ERK1, and ERK2	PubMed
	tat	Primary human Muller glia cells treated with both HIV-1 clade B and clade C Tat upregulate the expression of anti-inflammatory proteins IL-10 and TGF-beta	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat-induced release of TNF-alpha and IL-10 is TLR4-dependent in monocytes	PubMed
	tat	HIV-1 Tat induces production of IL-10 through the activation of PKC beta(II) and delta isozymes in human monocytes and macrophages	PubMed
	tat	Tat-induced IL-10 expression is regulated by p38 MAPK- and CaMK II-activated CREB-1 as well as Sp-1 transcription factors	PubMed
	tat	Calmodulin and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II (CaMK-II)-activated p38 MAPK play a role in extracellular Tat-induced IL-10 expression in primary human monocytes	PubMed
	tat	Ets1- and Sp1-binding sites as specific inducible responsive elements are required for HIV-1 Tat-induced IL-10 promoter activation; Ets-1 is essential for the Tat-induced activation of IL-10	PubMed
	tat	Tat stimulates NF-kappaB-inducing kinase IKKalpha translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in monocytes, which leads to IKKalpha and CBP/p300 recruitment to the IL-10 promoter and histone H3 phosphorylation (Ser 10) and acetylation (Lys 14)	PubMed
	tat	Tat activates at least three signaling pathways concurrently, including NF-kappaB, PKC, ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinases and IKKalpha pathways, to promote production of IL-10	PubMed
	tat	Monocytes treated with HIV-1 clade C Tat show significant upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10, as compared to clade B Tat-treated cultures	PubMed
	tat	The cysteine to serine mutation at position 31 in HIV-1 clade C Tat results in a marked decrease in IL-10 production in monocytes compared with clade B Tat. p38alpha/p38beta and phosphoinositide 3-kinase are crucial to Tat-induced IL-10 production	PubMed
	tat	IL10 and STAT3 are required for HIV-1 Tat-mediated inhibition of autophagy in bystander macrophages/monocytic cells	PubMed
	tat	IL-10 inhibits HIV-1 gene expression in an HIV-1 Tat-dependent manner by downregulating cyclin T1 expression through the induction of proteasome-mediated proteolysis in human macrophages	PubMed
Vif	vif	HIV-1 Vif upregulates the expression of interleukin 10 (IL10) in Vif-expression T cells	PubMed
Vpr	vpr	HIV-1 Vpr upregulates the production of interleukin 10 (IL-10) in dendritic cells	PubMed
	vpr	HIV-1 Vpr modulates expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10), increasing or suppressing IL-10 expression through varying effects on NF-kappa B activity in different cell lines	PubMed
capsid	gag	Immunosuppressive peptides corresponding to HIV-1 Capsid amino acids 218-238 upregulate prostaglandin E2 production and induce IL-10 secretion	PubMed
reverse transcriptase	gag-pol	IL-10 inhibits HIV-1 replication in primary tissue culture-derived macrophages in a dose-dependent manner, decreases HIV-1 reverse transcription upon macrophage infection, and subsequently mediates viral latency in vitro	PubMed

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Interactions

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Products	Interactant	Other Gene	Complex	Source	Pubs	Description

General gene information

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Markers

IL10 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:479745

SHGC-76259 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:13362

D8S2279 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:473907

AL034234 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:94051

AL009920 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:65648

PMC18942P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:271741

IL10 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:264070

D11S3114 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:152207

PMC112029P1 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:270225

Il10 (e-PCR), detects polymorphism
- UniSTS:143532

NoName (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:489667

GDB:603928 (e-PCR)
- UniSTS:158199

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function	Evidence Code	Pubs
enables cytokine activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
enables cytokine activity	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables growth factor activity	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables interleukin-10 receptor binding	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
enables protein binding	IPI Inferred from Physical Interaction more info	PubMed
enables protein dimerization activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

Process	Evidence Code	Pubs
involved_in B cell differentiation	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in B cell proliferation	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in branching involved in labyrinthine layer morphogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to estradiol stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in cytoplasmic sequestering of NF-kappaB	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in defense response to bacterium	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in defense response to protozoan	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in endothelial cell apoptotic process	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in hemopoiesis	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in interleukin-10-mediated signaling pathway	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in leukocyte chemotaxis	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in liver regeneration	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within negative regulation of B cell proliferation	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of T cell proliferation	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of apoptotic process	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of autophagy	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cell population proliferation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of cytokine activity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cytokine production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
NOT involved_in negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of inflammatory response	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of inflammatory response	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of interferon-alpha production	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-1 production	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-12 production	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-18 production	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-6 production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-6 production	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of interleukin-8 production	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in negative regulation of myeloid dendritic cell activation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in negative regulation of type II interferon production	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of B cell apoptotic process	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of cell cycle	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of cytokine production	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of immunoglobulin production	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of macrophage activation	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of miRNA transcription	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of plasma cell differentiation	IGI Inferred from Genetic Interaction more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within positive regulation of signaling receptor activity	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
NOT involved_in regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity	IMP Inferred from Mutant Phenotype more info	PubMed
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of gene expression	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of isotype switching	NAS Non-traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed
involved_in regulation of response to wounding	ISS Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity more info
involved_in regulation of synapse organization	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to activity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to carbon monoxide	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to glucocorticoid	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to inactivity	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to insulin	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in response to molecule of bacterial origin	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
involved_in response to xenobiotic stimulus	IEA Inferred from Electronic Annotation more info
involved_in type 2 immune response	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info	PubMed

Component	Evidence Code	Pubs
located_in extracellular region	TAS Traceable Author Statement more info
is_active_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed
located_in extracellular space	IDA Inferred from Direct Assay more info	PubMed

General protein information

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Preferred Names: interleukin-10

Names: T-cell growth inhibitory factor; cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

NG_012088.1 RefSeqGene

Range

5001..9893

Download

GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics), LRG_1230

mRNA and Protein(s)

NM_000572.3 → NP_000563.1 interleukin-10 isoform 1 precursor

See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_000563.1

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

BC022315, CD369014, M57627

Consensus CDS

CCDS1467.1

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

P22301

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

Q6FGS9, Q6FGW4

Related

ENSP00000412237.1, ENST00000423557.1

Conserved Domains (1) summary

pfam00726
Location:5 → 174

IL10; Interleukin 10
NM_001382624.1 → NP_001369553.1 interleukin-10 isoform 2

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AL513315

Consensus CDS

CCDS91154.1

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

A0A286YEX3

Related

ENSP00000493073.2, ENST00000471071.2

Conserved Domains (1) summary

cl02501
Location:1 → 89

IL10; Interleukin 10

RNA

NR_168466.1 RNA Sequence

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AL513315
NR_168467.1 RNA Sequence

Status: REVIEWED

Source sequence(s)

AL513315

Related

ENST00000640756.2