U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Vulvar benign neoplasm

MedGen UID:
102301
•Concept ID:
C0154003
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonyms: Benign Neoplasm of the Vulva; benign neoplasm of the vulva; Benign neoplasm of vulva; Benign Neoplasm of Vulva; benign neoplasm of vulva; Benign Tumor of the Vulva; benign tumor of the vulva; Benign tumor of vulva; Benign Tumor of Vulva; benign tumor of vulva; benign tumour of the vulva; benign tumour of vulva; Benign Vulva Neoplasm; benign vulva neoplasm; Benign Vulva Tumor; benign vulva tumor; benign vulva tumour; Benign Vulval Neoplasm; benign vulval neoplasm; Benign Vulvar Neoplasm; benign vulvar neoplasm; Benign Vulvar Tumor; benign vulvar tumor; benign vulvar tumour; mammalian vulva benign neoplasm; vulva benign neoplasm; vulvar benign neoplasm
SNOMED CT: Benign tumor of vulva (92486005); Benign neoplasm of vulva (92486005)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0000643

Definition

A neoplasm that arises from the vulva and is characterized by the absence of atypical or malignant cytological and architectural features, and absence of invasive features or metastatic potential. Representative examples include cellular angiofibroma, melanocytic nevus, nodular hidradenoma, and Bartholin gland adenoma. [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Vulvar Melanoma: Molecular Characteristics, Diagnosis, Surgical Management, and Medical Treatment.
Wohlmuth C, Wohlmuth-Wieser I
Am J Clin Dermatol 2021 Sep;22(5):639-651. Epub 2021 Jun 14 doi: 10.1007/s40257-021-00614-7. PMID: 34125416Free PMC Article
Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: Classification, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.
Lebreton M, Carton I, Brousse S, Lavoué V, Body G, Levêque J, Nyangoh-Timoh K
J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2020 Nov;49(9):101801. Epub 2020 May 14 doi: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101801. PMID: 32417455
Consensus Recommendations for Radiation Therapy Contouring and Treatment of Vulvar Carcinoma.
Gaffney DK, King B, Viswanathan AN, Barkati M, Beriwal S, Eifel P, Erickson B, Fyles A, Goulart J, Harkenrider M, Jhingran A, Klopp A, Koh WJ, Lim K, Petersen I, Portelance L, Small W Jr, Stewart A, Wiebe E, Wolfson A, Yashar C, Bosch W
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016 Jul 15;95(4):1191-200. Epub 2016 Feb 21 doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.02.043. PMID: 27130794Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

HPV-independent, p53-wild-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: a review of nomenclature and the journey to characterize verruciform and acanthotic precursor lesions of the vulva.
Parra-Herran C, Nucci MR, Singh N, Rakislova N, Howitt BE, Hoang L, Gilks CB, Bosse T, Watkins JC
Mod Pathol 2022 Oct;35(10):1317-1326. Epub 2022 Apr 18 doi: 10.1038/s41379-022-01079-7. PMID: 35437330
Cancer of the vulva: 2021 update.
Olawaiye AB, Cuello MA, Rogers LJ
Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2021 Oct;155 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):7-18. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.13881. PMID: 34669204Free PMC Article
Extramammary Paget Disease.
Marcoval J, Penín RM, Vidal A, Bermejo J
Actas Dermosifiliogr (Engl Ed) 2020 May;111(4):306-312. Epub 2020 Apr 9 doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2019.09.003. PMID: 32278442
Diagnosis and Treatment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: An Update for Dermatologists.
Lee A, Fischer G
Am J Clin Dermatol 2018 Oct;19(5):695-706. doi: 10.1007/s40257-018-0364-7. PMID: 29987650
Management of genitourinary syndrome of menopause in women with or at high risk for breast cancer: consensus recommendations from The North American Menopause Society and The International Society for the Study of Women's Sexual Health.
Faubion SS, Larkin LC, Stuenkel CA, Bachmann GA, Chism LA, Kagan R, Kaunitz AM, Krychman ML, Parish SJ, Partridge AH, Pinkerton JV, Rowen TS, Shapiro M, Simon JA, Goldfarb SB, Kingsberg SA
Menopause 2018 Jun;25(6):596-608. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001121. PMID: 29762200

Diagnosis

HPV-independent, p53-wild-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: a review of nomenclature and the journey to characterize verruciform and acanthotic precursor lesions of the vulva.
Parra-Herran C, Nucci MR, Singh N, Rakislova N, Howitt BE, Hoang L, Gilks CB, Bosse T, Watkins JC
Mod Pathol 2022 Oct;35(10):1317-1326. Epub 2022 Apr 18 doi: 10.1038/s41379-022-01079-7. PMID: 35437330
Cancer of the vulva: 2021 update.
Olawaiye AB, Cuello MA, Rogers LJ
Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2021 Oct;155 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):7-18. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.13881. PMID: 34669204Free PMC Article
Vulvar Melanoma: Molecular Characteristics, Diagnosis, Surgical Management, and Medical Treatment.
Wohlmuth C, Wohlmuth-Wieser I
Am J Clin Dermatol 2021 Sep;22(5):639-651. Epub 2021 Jun 14 doi: 10.1007/s40257-021-00614-7. PMID: 34125416Free PMC Article
Cancer of the Vulva: A Review.
Michalski BM, Pfeifer JD, Mutch D, Council ML
Dermatol Surg 2021 Feb 1;47(2):174-183. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000002584. PMID: 32947298
Diagnosis and Treatment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: An Update for Dermatologists.
Lee A, Fischer G
Am J Clin Dermatol 2018 Oct;19(5):695-706. doi: 10.1007/s40257-018-0364-7. PMID: 29987650

Therapy

Cancer of the Vulva: A Review.
Michalski BM, Pfeifer JD, Mutch D, Council ML
Dermatol Surg 2021 Feb 1;47(2):174-183. doi: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000002584. PMID: 32947298
Editor's picks.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020 Apr;34(4):665. doi: 10.1111/jdv.16353. PMID: 32227421
Evaluation of treatments for Bartholin's cyst or abscess: a systematic review.
Illingworth B, Stocking K, Showell M, Kirk E, Duffy J
BJOG 2020 May;127(6):671-678. Epub 2020 Feb 4 doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16079. PMID: 31876985
Diagnosis and Treatment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: An Update for Dermatologists.
Lee A, Fischer G
Am J Clin Dermatol 2018 Oct;19(5):695-706. doi: 10.1007/s40257-018-0364-7. PMID: 29987650
Vulvar cancer.
Canavan TP, Cohen D
Am Fam Physician 2002 Oct 1;66(7):1269-74. PMID: 12387439

Prognosis

Vulvar Melanoma: Molecular Characteristics, Diagnosis, Surgical Management, and Medical Treatment.
Wohlmuth C, Wohlmuth-Wieser I
Am J Clin Dermatol 2021 Sep;22(5):639-651. Epub 2021 Jun 14 doi: 10.1007/s40257-021-00614-7. PMID: 34125416Free PMC Article
Extramammary Paget Disease.
Marcoval J, Penín RM, Vidal A, Bermejo J
Actas Dermosifiliogr (Engl Ed) 2020 May;111(4):306-312. Epub 2020 Apr 9 doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2019.09.003. PMID: 32278442
Diagnosis and Treatment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: An Update for Dermatologists.
Lee A, Fischer G
Am J Clin Dermatol 2018 Oct;19(5):695-706. doi: 10.1007/s40257-018-0364-7. PMID: 29987650
Bartholin gland cancer.
Di Donato V, Casorelli A, Bardhi E, Vena F, Marchetti C, Muzii L, Benedetti Panici P
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017 Sep;117:1-11. Epub 2017 Jun 13 doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.06.005. PMID: 28807231
Management of Vulvar Cancer.
Rajaram S, Gupta B
Rev Recent Clin Trials 2015;10(4):282-8. doi: 10.2174/1574887110666150923112723. PMID: 26411953

Clinical prediction guides

Postoperative management of vulvar cancer.
Lukovic J, Han K
Int J Gynecol Cancer 2022 Mar;32(3):338-343. doi: 10.1136/ijgc-2021-002463. PMID: 35256421
Gynecological Sarcomas: Molecular Characteristics, Behavior, and Histology-Driven Therapy.
Libertini M, Hallin M, Thway K, Noujaim J, Benson C, van der Graaf W, Jones RL
Int J Surg Pathol 2021 Feb;29(1):4-20. Epub 2020 Sep 10 doi: 10.1177/1066896920958120. PMID: 32909482
Extramammary Paget Disease.
Marcoval J, Penín RM, Vidal A, Bermejo J
Actas Dermosifiliogr (Engl Ed) 2020 May;111(4):306-312. Epub 2020 Apr 9 doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2019.09.003. PMID: 32278442
Extramammary Paget disease.
St Claire K, Hoover A, Ashack K, Khachemoune A
Dermatol Online J 2019 Apr 15;25(4) PMID: 31046904
Mammary-like glands of the vulva and their disorders.
van der Putte SC
Int J Gynecol Pathol 1994 Apr;13(2):150-60. doi: 10.1097/00004347-199404000-00009. PMID: 8005737

Recent systematic reviews

Prevalence of human papillomavirus DNA and p16(INK4a) positivity in vulvar cancer and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Li Z, Liu P, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Chu R, Li G, Han Q, Zhao Y, Li L, Miao J, Kong B, Song K
Lancet Oncol 2023 Apr;24(4):403-414. Epub 2023 Mar 15 doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(23)00066-9. PMID: 36933562
Role of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on HPV infection and recurrence of HPV related disease after local surgical treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Kechagias KS, Kalliala I, Bowden SJ, Athanasiou A, Paraskevaidi M, Paraskevaidis E, Dillner J, Nieminen P, Strander B, Sasieni P, Veroniki AA, Kyrgiou M
BMJ 2022 Aug 3;378:e070135. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2022-070135. PMID: 35922074Free PMC Article
Incidence and mortality from cervical cancer and other malignancies after treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.
Kalliala I, Athanasiou A, Veroniki AA, Salanti G, Efthimiou O, Raftis N, Bowden S, Paraskevaidi M, Aro K, Arbyn M, Bennett P, Nieminen P, Paraskevaidis E, Kyrgiou M
Ann Oncol 2020 Feb;31(2):213-227. Epub 2020 Jan 3 doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2019.11.004. PMID: 31959338Free PMC Article
Evaluation of treatments for Bartholin's cyst or abscess: a systematic review.
Illingworth B, Stocking K, Showell M, Kirk E, Duffy J
BJOG 2020 May;127(6):671-678. Epub 2020 Feb 4 doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16079. PMID: 31876985
Vulvar cancer: initial management and systematic review of literature on currently applied treatment approaches.
Sznurkowski JJ
Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2016 Jul;25(4):638-46. Epub 2016 Feb 16 doi: 10.1111/ecc.12455. PMID: 26880231

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Related information

    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...