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Inclusion conjunctivitis

MedGen UID:
1095
•Concept ID:
C0009770
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Blennorrhea, Inclusion; Blennorrheas, Inclusion; Conjunctivitides, Inclusion; Conjunctivitis, Inclusion; Inclusion Blennorrhea; Inclusion Blennorrheas; Inclusion Conjunctivitides; Inclusion Conjunctivitis
SNOMED CT: Chlamydial conjunctivitis (231861005); Inclusion blennorrhea (56009001); Inclusion conjunctivitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis (56009001); Chronic conjunctivitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis (56009001)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005808

Definition

Inflammation of the conjunctiva in a newborn due to Chlamydia trachomatis which was acquired during labor and delivery. [from MONDO]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVInclusion conjunctivitis

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Treatment of chlamydial conjunctivitis.
Nakagawa H
Ophthalmologica 1997;211 Suppl 1:25-8. doi: 10.1159/000310882. PMID: 9065934
Recurrent T.R.I.C. kerato-conjunctivitis: treatment with tetracycline.
Davis PL, Werner E
Can J Ophthalmol 1975 Jan;10(1):69-75. PMID: 1122419
Neonatal inclusion conjunctivitis. A report of three cases and a discussion of differential diagnosis and treatment.
Kripke SS, Golden B
Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1972 May;11(5):261-3. doi: 10.1177/000992287201100506. PMID: 5028569

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Symptoms, Signs and Long-term Prognosis of Vertically Transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis Infections.
Honkila M, Renko M, Pokka T, Wikström E, Uhari M, Tapiainen T
Pediatr Infect Dis J 2018 Sep;37(9):930-933. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000001925. PMID: 29389825
Evaluation of single-dose azithromycin versus standard azithromycin/doxycycline treatment and clinical assessment of regression course in patients with adult inclusion conjunctivitis.
Malamos P, Georgalas I, Rallis K, Andrianopoulos K, Georgopoulos G, Theodossiadis P, Vergados I, Markomichelakis NN
Curr Eye Res 2013 Dec;38(12):1198-206. Epub 2013 Sep 18 doi: 10.3109/02713683.2013.822893. PMID: 24047438
Acute red eye. Differentiating viral conjunctivitis from other, less common causes.
Weber CM, Eichenbaum JW
Postgrad Med 1997 May;101(5):185-6, 189-92, 195-6. doi: 10.3810/pgm.1997.05.246. PMID: 9158614
Chlamydial infections in infancy.
Gilbert GL
Aust Paediatr J 1986 Feb;22(1):13-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1986.tb00176.x. PMID: 3521572
Chlamydial infections in obstetrics and gynecology.
Sweet RL, Schachter J, Landers DV
Clin Obstet Gynecol 1983 Mar;26(1):143-64. doi: 10.1097/00003081-198303000-00019. PMID: 6340891

Diagnosis

Chlamydial eye infections: Current perspectives.
Satpathy G, Behera HS, Ahmed NH
Indian J Ophthalmol 2017 Feb;65(2):97-102. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_870_16. PMID: 28345563Free PMC Article
Chlamydial infections.
Larson E, Nachamkin I
Am J Infect Control 1985 Dec;13(6):259-68. doi: 10.1016/0196-6553(85)90026-4. PMID: 3909858
Chlamydial serology.
Treharne JD, Forsey T, Thomas BJ
Br Med Bull 1983 Apr;39(2):194-200. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071815. PMID: 6347331
Chlamydiae.
Schachter J, Caldwell HD
Annu Rev Microbiol 1980;34:285-309. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.34.100180.001441. PMID: 7002026
Oculogenital disease.
Ostler HB
Surv Ophthalmol 1976 Jan-Feb;20(4):233-46. doi: 10.1016/0039-6257(76)90223-x. PMID: 1108250

Therapy

Treatment of chlamydial conjunctivitis.
Nakagawa H
Ophthalmologica 1997;211 Suppl 1:25-8. doi: 10.1159/000310882. PMID: 9065934
Erythromycin.
Graham EM
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1992 Sep;19(3):539-49. PMID: 1436931
Ophthalmia neonatorum.
Friendly DS
Pediatr Clin North Am 1983 Dec;30(6):1033-42. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)34500-x. PMID: 6359042
Trachoma.
Watson PG
Proc R Soc Med 1972 Nov;65(11):960-2. PMID: 4642019Free PMC Article
Inclusion conjunctivitis.
Hansman D
Med J Aust 1969 Jan 25;1(4):151-3. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1969.tb92077.x. PMID: 5769730

Prognosis

Neonatal prophylaxis with antibiotic containing ointments does not reduce incidence of chlamydial conjunctivitis in newborns.
Smith-Norowitz TA, Ukaegbu C, Kohlhoff S, Hammerschlag MR
BMC Infect Dis 2021 Mar 17;21(1):270. doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-05974-3. PMID: 33731049Free PMC Article
Symptoms, Signs and Long-term Prognosis of Vertically Transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis Infections.
Honkila M, Renko M, Pokka T, Wikström E, Uhari M, Tapiainen T
Pediatr Infect Dis J 2018 Sep;37(9):930-933. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000001925. PMID: 29389825
Diagnosis of ophthalmia neonatorum.
Winceslaus J, Goh BT, Dunlop EM, Mantell J, Woodland RM, Forsey T, Treharne JD
Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1987 Nov 28;295(6610):1377-9. doi: 10.1136/bmj.295.6610.1377. PMID: 3121021Free PMC Article
Chlamydial infections in infancy.
Gilbert GL
Aust Paediatr J 1986 Feb;22(1):13-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1986.tb00176.x. PMID: 3521572
Chlamydial infections in obstetrics and gynecology.
Sweet RL, Schachter J, Landers DV
Clin Obstet Gynecol 1983 Mar;26(1):143-64. doi: 10.1097/00003081-198303000-00019. PMID: 6340891

Clinical prediction guides

Clinical Presentation, Investigation and Control of an Outbreak of Adenoviral Conjunctivitis in a Neonatal Unit at a Tertiary Hospital.
Thakur A, Goyal K, Chauhan P, Sharma B, Kant Dhir S, Katoch D, Biswal M, Talati S, Bhogal RS, Mohan L, Sapra M, Gupta A, Sundaram V, Dutta S, Kumar P, Singh MP
Pediatr Infect Dis J 2022 Mar 1;41(3):243-247. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000003347. PMID: 35144268
Neonatal conjunctivitis in the New Zealand Midland region.
Newlands S, Dickson J, Pearson J, Mansell C, Wilson G
N Z Med J 2018 Nov 30;131(1486):9-17. PMID: 30496162
Laboratory diagnosis of human chlamydial infections.
Barnes RC
Clin Microbiol Rev 1989 Apr;2(2):119-36. doi: 10.1128/CMR.2.2.119. PMID: 2650858Free PMC Article
Diagnosis of ophthalmia neonatorum.
Winceslaus J, Goh BT, Dunlop EM, Mantell J, Woodland RM, Forsey T, Treharne JD
Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1987 Nov 28;295(6610):1377-9. doi: 10.1136/bmj.295.6610.1377. PMID: 3121021Free PMC Article
Importance of reinfection in the pathogenesis of trachoma.
Grayston JT, Wang SP, Yeh LJ, Kuo CC
Rev Infect Dis 1985 Nov-Dec;7(6):717-25. doi: 10.1093/clinids/7.6.717. PMID: 4070905

Recent systematic reviews

Neonatal prophylaxis with antibiotic containing ointments does not reduce incidence of chlamydial conjunctivitis in newborns.
Smith-Norowitz TA, Ukaegbu C, Kohlhoff S, Hammerschlag MR
BMC Infect Dis 2021 Mar 17;21(1):270. doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-05974-3. PMID: 33731049Free PMC Article

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