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Infection-related seizure

MedGen UID:: 1711430
•Concept ID:: C5397897
•: Disease or Syndrome

HPO:	HP:0032892

Definition

Seizure associated with a presumed or proven infection (excluding infection of the central nervous system) or inflammatory state without an alternative precipitant such as metabolic derangement, and regardless of the presence or absence of a fever. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

GTR
MeSH

CClinical test, RResearch test, OOMIM, GGeneReviews, VClinVar

CROGVInfection-related seizure

Abnormality of prenatal development or birth
- Fetal anomaly
  - Congenital Systemic Disorder
    - Abnormality of the nervous system
      - Abnormal nervous system physiology
        Seizure
        Infection-related seizure
        Gastroenteritis-related afebrile seizure
        Seizure precipitated by febrile infection
        Febrile seizure (within the age range of 3 months to 6 years)
        Complex febrile seizure
        Febrile seizures, familial, 3a
        Simple febrile seizure
        Febrile seizure outside the age of 3 months to 6 years

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Combined immunoglobulin and plasmapheresis treatment for Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES).

Coban Y, Akbas Y, Tuncer GO, Koker A, Koker SA
Transfus Apher Sci 2022 Dec;61(6):103498. Epub 2022 Jul 2 doi: 10.1016/j.transci.2022.103498. PMID: 35879215

Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES): An Overview of Treatment and Recent Patents.

Hon KL, Leung AKC, Torres AR
Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov 2018;12(2):128-135. doi: 10.2174/1872213X12666180508122450. PMID: 29745347

Evaluation and treatment of autoimmune neurologic disorders in the pediatric intensive care unit.

Benson LA, Olson H, Gorman MP
Semin Pediatr Neurol 2014 Dec;21(4):284-90. Epub 2014 Dec 18 doi: 10.1016/j.spen.2014.12.008. PMID: 25727510

See all (14)

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

International consensus definitions for infection-triggered encephalopathy syndromes.

Sakuma H, Thomas T, Debinski C, Eyre M, Han VX, Jones HF, Kawano G, Lee VW, Malone S, Matsuishi T, Mohammad SS, Mori T, Nishida H, Nosadini M, Takanashi JI, Mizuguchi M, Lim M, Dale RC
Dev Med Child Neurol 2025 Feb;67(2):195-207. Epub 2024 Aug 14 doi: 10.1111/dmcn.16067. PMID: 39143740 Free PMC Article

Unraveling the enigma of new-onset refractory status epilepticus: a systematic review of aetiologies.

Lattanzi S, Leitinger M, Rocchi C, Salvemini S, Matricardi S, Brigo F, Meletti S, Trinka E
Eur J Neurol 2022 Feb;29(2):626-647. Epub 2021 Nov 2 doi: 10.1111/ene.15149. PMID: 34661330 Free PMC Article

Anakinra usage in febrile infection related epilepsy syndrome: an international cohort.

Lai YC, Muscal E, Wells E, Shukla N, Eschbach K, Hyeong Lee K, Kaliakatsos M, Desai N, Wickström R, Viri M, Freri E, Granata T, Nangia S, Dilena R, Brunklaus A, Wainwright MS, Gorman MP, Stredny CM, Asiri A, Hundallah K, Doja A, Payne E, Wirrell E, Koh S, Carpenter JL, Riviello J
Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2020 Dec;7(12):2467-2474. Epub 2020 Dec 4 doi: 10.1002/acn3.51229. PMID: 33506622 Free PMC Article

Proposed consensus definitions for new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE), febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES), and related conditions.

Hirsch LJ, Gaspard N, van Baalen A, Nabbout R, Demeret S, Loddenkemper T, Navarro V, Specchio N, Lagae L, Rossetti AO, Hocker S, Gofton TE, Abend NS, Gilmore EJ, Hahn C, Khosravani H, Rosenow F, Trinka E
Epilepsia 2018 Apr;59(4):739-744. Epub 2018 Feb 5 doi: 10.1111/epi.14016. PMID: 29399791

Non-convulsive seizures in children with infection-related altered mental status.

Fujita K, Nagase H, Nakagawa T, Saji Y, Maruyama A, Uetani Y
Pediatr Int 2015 Aug;57(4):659-64. Epub 2015 Mar 25 doi: 10.1111/ped.12566. PMID: 25523443

See all (66)

Diagnosis

Autoimmune-associated seizure disorders.

Smith KM, Budhram A, Geis C, McKeon A, Steriade C, Stredny CM, Titulaer MJ, Britton JW
Epileptic Disord 2024 Aug;26(4):415-434. Epub 2024 May 31 doi: 10.1002/epd2.20231. PMID: 38818801

Status epilepticus: what's new for the intensivist.

Benghanem S, Pruvost-Robieux E, Neligan A, Walker MC
Curr Opin Crit Care 2024 Apr 1;30(2):131-141. Epub 2024 Feb 13 doi: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000001137. PMID: 38441162

Neuropathology of New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE).

Hanin A, Cespedes J, Huttner A, Strelnikov D, Gopaul M, DiStasio M, Vezzani A, Hirsch LJ, Aronica E
J Neurol 2023 Aug;270(8):3688-3702. Epub 2023 Apr 20 doi: 10.1007/s00415-023-11726-x. PMID: 37079033

New onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE).

Sculier C, Gaspard N
Seizure 2019 May;68:72-78. Epub 2018 Sep 29 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2018.09.018. PMID: 30482654

Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES): An Overview of Treatment and Recent Patents.

Hon KL, Leung AKC, Torres AR
Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov 2018;12(2):128-135. doi: 10.2174/1872213X12666180508122450. PMID: 29745347

See all (78)

Therapy

Status epilepticus: what's new for the intensivist.

Benghanem S, Pruvost-Robieux E, Neligan A, Walker MC
Curr Opin Crit Care 2024 Apr 1;30(2):131-141. Epub 2024 Feb 13 doi: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000001137. PMID: 38441162

Second-line immunotherapy in new onset refractory status epilepticus.

Hanin A, Muscal E, Hirsch LJ
Epilepsia 2024 May;65(5):1203-1223. Epub 2024 Mar 2 doi: 10.1111/epi.17933. PMID: 38430119

Multifocal multilobar focal cortical dysplasia type IIa in Febrile Infection Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES).

Lala N, Kanach CJ, Brown WD
Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2022 Jun;217:107247. Epub 2022 Apr 11 doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2022.107247. PMID: 35483186

Intrathecal dexamethasone therapy for febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome.

Horino A, Kuki I, Inoue T, Nukui M, Okazaki S, Kawawaki H, Togawa M, Amo K, Ishikawa J, Ujiro A, Shiomi M, Sakuma H
Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021 Mar;8(3):645-655. Epub 2021 Feb 5 doi: 10.1002/acn3.51308. PMID: 33547757 Free PMC Article

Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES): An Overview of Treatment and Recent Patents.

Hon KL, Leung AKC, Torres AR
Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov 2018;12(2):128-135. doi: 10.2174/1872213X12666180508122450. PMID: 29745347

See all (57)

Prognosis

Status epilepticus: what's new for the intensivist.

Benghanem S, Pruvost-Robieux E, Neligan A, Walker MC
Curr Opin Crit Care 2024 Apr 1;30(2):131-141. Epub 2024 Feb 13 doi: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000001137. PMID: 38441162

Cytokines in New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus Predict Outcomes.

Hanin A, Cespedes J, Dorgham K, Pulluru Y, Gopaul M, Gorochov G, Hafler DA, Navarro V, Gaspard N, Hirsch LJ
Ann Neurol 2023 Jul;94(1):75-90. Epub 2023 Mar 17 doi: 10.1002/ana.26627. PMID: 36871188

International League Against Epilepsy classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in childhood: Position paper by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions.

Specchio N, Wirrell EC, Scheffer IE, Nabbout R, Riney K, Samia P, Guerreiro M, Gwer S, Zuberi SM, Wilmshurst JM, Yozawitz E, Pressler R, Hirsch E, Wiebe S, Cross HJ, Perucca E, Moshé SL, Tinuper P, Auvin S
Epilepsia 2022 Jun;63(6):1398-1442. Epub 2022 May 3 doi: 10.1111/epi.17241. PMID: 35503717

New onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE).

Sculier C, Gaspard N
Seizure 2019 May;68:72-78. Epub 2018 Sep 29 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2018.09.018. PMID: 30482654

Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES): An Overview of Treatment and Recent Patents.

Hon KL, Leung AKC, Torres AR
Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov 2018;12(2):128-135. doi: 10.2174/1872213X12666180508122450. PMID: 29745347

See all (52)

Clinical prediction guides

Status epilepticus: what's new for the intensivist.

Benghanem S, Pruvost-Robieux E, Neligan A, Walker MC
Curr Opin Crit Care 2024 Apr 1;30(2):131-141. Epub 2024 Feb 13 doi: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000001137. PMID: 38441162

Cytokines in New-Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus Predict Outcomes.

Hanin A, Cespedes J, Dorgham K, Pulluru Y, Gopaul M, Gorochov G, Hafler DA, Navarro V, Gaspard N, Hirsch LJ
Ann Neurol 2023 Jul;94(1):75-90. Epub 2023 Mar 17 doi: 10.1002/ana.26627. PMID: 36871188

Combined immunoglobulin and plasmapheresis treatment for Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES).

Coban Y, Akbas Y, Tuncer GO, Koker A, Koker SA
Transfus Apher Sci 2022 Dec;61(6):103498. Epub 2022 Jul 2 doi: 10.1016/j.transci.2022.103498. PMID: 35879215

Unraveling the enigma of new-onset refractory status epilepticus: a systematic review of aetiologies.

Lattanzi S, Leitinger M, Rocchi C, Salvemini S, Matricardi S, Brigo F, Meletti S, Trinka E
Eur J Neurol 2022 Feb;29(2):626-647. Epub 2021 Nov 2 doi: 10.1111/ene.15149. PMID: 34661330 Free PMC Article

Neurocritical care and target immunotherapy for febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome.

Sakuma H, Horino A, Kuki I
Biomed J 2020 Jun;43(3):205-210. Epub 2020 Apr 21 doi: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.03.009. PMID: 32330681 Free PMC Article

See all (36)

Recent systematic reviews

Antiepileptic drugs for the primary and secondary prevention of seizures after stroke.

Chang RS, Leung WC, Vassallo M, Sykes L, Battersby Wood E, Kwan J
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 Feb 7;2(2):CD005398. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005398.pub4. PMID: 35129214 Free PMC Article

Unraveling the enigma of new-onset refractory status epilepticus: a systematic review of aetiologies.

Lattanzi S, Leitinger M, Rocchi C, Salvemini S, Matricardi S, Brigo F, Meletti S, Trinka E
Eur J Neurol 2022 Feb;29(2):626-647. Epub 2021 Nov 2 doi: 10.1111/ene.15149. PMID: 34661330 Free PMC Article

Considering safety and patient tolerance in the use of ketogenic diet in the management of refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus: a systematic review.

Dozières-Puyravel B, Höhn S, Auvin S
Expert Rev Neurother 2021 Nov;21(11):1303-1308. Epub 2021 Jul 24 doi: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1956905. PMID: 34275391

Status epilepticus and COVID-19: A systematic review.

Dono F, Nucera B, Lanzone J, Evangelista G, Rinaldi F, Speranza R, Troisi S, Tinti L, Russo M, Di Pietro M, Onofrj M, Bonanni L, Assenza G, Vollono C, Anzellotti F, Brigo F
Epilepsy Behav 2021 May;118:107887. Epub 2021 Mar 17 doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.107887. PMID: 33743344 Free PMC Article

Efficacy of different treatment modalities for acute and chronic phases of the febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome: A systematic review.

Kessi M, Liu F, Zhan Y, Tang Y, Wu L, Yang L, Zhang CL, Yin F, Peng J
Seizure 2020 Jul;79:61-68. Epub 2020 May 14 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2020.04.015. PMID: 32417686

See all (5)

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Infection-related seizure

Definition

Term Hierarchy

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Diagnosis

Therapy

Prognosis

Clinical prediction guides

Recent systematic reviews

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

Clinical resources

Practice guidelines

Consumer resources

Reviews

Related information

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