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Polyp

MedGen UID:
19397
•Concept ID:
C0032584
•
Anatomical Abnormality
Synonym: Polyps
SNOMED CT: Polyp (441456002); Polyp (41329004)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0005079

Definition

A usually exophytic mass attached to the underlying tissue by a broad base or a thin stalk. Polyps can be neoplastic or non-neoplastic. Neoplastic polyps usually represent proliferations of the epithelium, and are commonly seen in the gastrointestinal tract. Polyps of the gastrointestinal tract are often called adenomas, are associated with dysplasia, and may eventually transform into carcinomas. Non-neoplastic polyps may be inflammatory, degenerative, or the result of malformations. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVPolyp

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Endometrial polyps. An evidence-based diagnosis and management guide.
Vitale SG, Haimovich S, Laganà AS, Alonso L, Di Spiezio Sardo A, Carugno J; From the Global Community of Hysteroscopy Guidelines Committee
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021 May;260:70-77. Epub 2021 Mar 13 doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.03.017. PMID: 33756339
Endoscopic Recognition and Management Strategies for Malignant Colorectal Polyps: Recommendations of the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer.
Shaukat A, Kaltenbach T, Dominitz JA, Robertson DJ, Anderson JC, Cruise M, Burke CA, Gupta S, Lieberman D, Syngal S, Rex DK
Gastroenterology 2020 Nov;159(5):1916-1934.e2. Epub 2020 Nov 4 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.08.050. PMID: 33159840
Evaluation and Management of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding.
Marnach ML, Laughlin-Tommaso SK
Mayo Clin Proc 2019 Feb;94(2):326-335. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.12.012. PMID: 30711128

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Colon polyps: updates in classification and management.
Dornblaser D, Young S, Shaukat A
Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2024 Jan 1;40(1):14-20. Epub 2023 Nov 1 doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000988. PMID: 37909928
Accuracy of measuring colorectal polyp size in pathology: a prospective study.
Djinbachian R, Khellaf A, Noyon B, Soucy G, Nguyen BN, von Renteln D
Gut 2023 Nov;72(11):2015-2018. Epub 2023 Jul 28 doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-330241. PMID: 37507216
Gallbladder polyps growth rate is an independent risk factor for neoplastic polyps.
Han JW, Choi YH, Lee IS, Choi HJ, Hong TH, You YK
United European Gastroenterol J 2022 Sep;10(7):651-656. Epub 2022 Sep 10 doi: 10.1002/ueg2.12274. PMID: 36087036Free PMC Article
Factors Affecting Adenoma Risk Level in Patients with Intestinal Polyp and Association Analysis.
Dai Y, Chen W, Xu X, Chen J, Mo W, Chen Y, Xu S
J Healthc Eng 2022;2022:9479563. Epub 2022 Jan 15 doi: 10.1155/2022/9479563. PMID: 35075394Free PMC Article
Colonic polyps.
Ackroyd FW, Hedberg SE
Annu Rev Med 1985;36:619-25. doi: 10.1146/annurev.me.36.020185.003155. PMID: 3994327

Diagnosis

Colon polyps: updates in classification and management.
Dornblaser D, Young S, Shaukat A
Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2024 Jan 1;40(1):14-20. Epub 2023 Nov 1 doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000988. PMID: 37909928
Nakamura polyp, an extraordinarily rare finding.
Maroto Martin C, Molina Terrón PM, Obregón Martínez E, Fernández Prada SJ, Moreta Rodríguez M
Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2023 Dec;115(12):722-723. doi: 10.17235/reed.2023.9483/2023. PMID: 36866833
Polyp characterization at colonoscopy: Clinical implications.
Allen JE, Sharma P
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2017 Aug;31(4):435-440. Epub 2017 Jul 6 doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2017.07.001. PMID: 28842053
Evaluation and management of gastric epithelial polyps.
Castro R, Pimentel-Nunes P, Dinis-Ribeiro M
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2017 Aug;31(4):381-387. Epub 2017 Jun 13 doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2017.06.001. PMID: 28842047
Colonic polyps.
Ackroyd FW, Hedberg SE
Annu Rev Med 1985;36:619-25. doi: 10.1146/annurev.me.36.020185.003155. PMID: 3994327

Therapy

Impact of AI-aided colonoscopy in clinical practice: a prospective randomised controlled trial.
Schöler J, Alavanja M, de Lange T, Yamamoto S, Hedenström P, Varkey J
BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2024 Jan 30;11(1) doi: 10.1136/bmjgast-2023-001247. PMID: 38290758Free PMC Article
Current status and limitations of artificial intelligence in colonoscopy.
Hann A, Troya J, Fitting D
United European Gastroenterol J 2021 Jun;9(5):527-533. Epub 2021 Jun 7 doi: 10.1002/ueg2.12108. PMID: 34617420Free PMC Article
Efficacy and safety of omalizumab in nasal polyposis: 2 randomized phase 3 trials.
Gevaert P, Omachi TA, Corren J, Mullol J, Han J, Lee SE, Kaufman D, Ligueros-Saylan M, Howard M, Zhu R, Owen R, Wong K, Islam L, Bachert C
J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020 Sep;146(3):595-605. Epub 2020 Jun 7 doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.032. PMID: 32524991
Cholecystectomy for gallbladder polyp.
Gurusamy KS, Abu-Amara M, Farouk M, Davidson BR
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009 Jan 21;2009(1):CD007052. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007052.pub2. PMID: 19160315Free PMC Article
Sulindac and polyp regression.
Giardiello FM
Cancer Metastasis Rev 1994 Dec;13(3-4):279-83. doi: 10.1007/BF00666098. PMID: 7712590

Prognosis

Surveillance Recommendation for Colonoscopy after Polypectomy.
Muller C, Rao VL
Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2022 Apr;32(2):371-384. Epub 2022 Feb 23 doi: 10.1016/j.giec.2021.12.012. PMID: 35361341
Evaluation and Management of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding.
Marnach ML, Laughlin-Tommaso SK
Mayo Clin Proc 2019 Feb;94(2):326-335. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.12.012. PMID: 30711128
Advanced colorectal polyp detection techniques.
Qumseya BJ, Wallace MB
Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2012 Oct;14(5):414-20. doi: 10.1007/s11894-012-0279-z. PMID: 22821061
Approach to cystic pancreatic lesions.
Brugge WR
Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2005 Jul;15(3):485-96, viii. doi: 10.1016/j.giec.2005.03.006. PMID: 15990053
Colonic polyps.
Ackroyd FW, Hedberg SE
Annu Rev Med 1985;36:619-25. doi: 10.1146/annurev.me.36.020185.003155. PMID: 3994327

Clinical prediction guides

The Frontiers of Serrated Polyps.
Bell PD, Anderson JC, Srivastava A
Am J Surg Pathol 2022 Jan 1;46(1):e64-e70. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000001806. PMID: 34545859
Endoscopic Recognition and Management Strategies for Malignant Colorectal Polyps: Recommendations of the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer.
Shaukat A, Kaltenbach T, Dominitz JA, Robertson DJ, Anderson JC, Cruise M, Burke CA, Gupta S, Lieberman D, Syngal S, Rex DK
Gastroenterology 2020 Nov;159(5):1916-1934.e2. Epub 2020 Nov 4 doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.08.050. PMID: 33159840
Surveillance of colonic polyps: Are we getting it right?
Bonnington SN, Rutter MD
World J Gastroenterol 2016 Feb 14;22(6):1925-34. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i6.1925. PMID: 26877600Free PMC Article
Immunoglobulin G4-related gastrointestinal diseases, are they immunoglobulin G4-related diseases?
Koizumi S, Kamisawa T, Kuruma S, Tabata T, Chiba K, Iwasaki S, Endo Y, Kuwata G, Koizumi K, Shimosegawa T, Okazaki K, Chiba T
World J Gastroenterol 2013 Sep 21;19(35):5769-74. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i35.5769. PMID: 24124321Free PMC Article
Capsule endoscopy for colorectal cancer and polyp screening.
Pascu O, Ciobanu L
J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2013 Sep;22(3):257-9. PMID: 24078980

Recent systematic reviews

Assessing the effect of absorbable steroid sinus implant: a state-of-the-art systematic review.
Calvo-Henriquez C, García-Lliberós A, Sánchez-Gómez S, Alobid I
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024 Aug;281(8):3915-3928. Epub 2024 Mar 9 doi: 10.1007/s00405-024-08531-1. PMID: 38459984
Minimally Invasive Surgical Therapies for Ureteral Polyps: A Systematic Review.
Chen B, Xu L, Fan Y, Zhao L, Sun J, Huang J
J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2024 Apr;34(4):313-317. Epub 2024 Jan 31 doi: 10.1089/lap.2023.0477. PMID: 38294894
Do or doughnut: A systematic review and pooled analysis on the utility of pathological evaluation of the anastomotic doughnut in oncological colorectal operations.
Wlodarczyk J, Gaur K, Mertz K, Wickham C, Mirza KL, Hsieh C, Cologne KG
Colorectal Dis 2022 Jan;24(1):8-15. Epub 2021 Oct 7 doi: 10.1111/codi.15920. PMID: 34545672
Colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection: Systematic review of mid-term clinical outcomes.
Patel N, Patel K, Ashrafian H, Athanasiou T, Darzi A, Teare J
Dig Endosc 2016 May;28(4):405-416. Epub 2016 Apr 20 doi: 10.1111/den.12597. PMID: 26710317
Cholecystectomy for gallbladder polyp.
Gurusamy KS, Abu-Amara M, Farouk M, Davidson BR
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009 Jan 21;2009(1):CD007052. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007052.pub2. PMID: 19160315Free PMC Article

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