U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Learning disability

MedGen UID:
199623
Concept ID:
C0751265
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Synonyms: Disabilities, Learning; Disability, Learning; Learning Disabilities; Learning Disability
SNOMED CT: General learning disability (1855002); Learning disability (1855002)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0004681

Definition

A group of disorders that affect a person's ability to learn or process specific types of information which is in contrast to his/her apparent level of intellect. [from MONDO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Mammarella IC, Cornoldi C
Child Neuropsychol 2014;20(3):255-80. Epub 2013 May 24 doi: 10.1080/09297049.2013.796920. PMID: 23705673
Besag FM
Expert Opin Pharmacother 2011 Apr;12(5):801-6. Epub 2011 Feb 24 doi: 10.1517/14656566.2011.560836. PMID: 21348771
Au KS, Williams AT, Roach ES, Batchelor L, Sparagana SP, Delgado MR, Wheless JW, Baumgartner JE, Roa BB, Wilson CM, Smith-Knuppel TK, Cheung MY, Whittemore VH, King TM, Northrup H
Genet Med 2007 Feb;9(2):88-100. doi: 10.1097/gim.0b013e31803068c7. PMID: 17304050

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Gao L, Li S, Yue Y, Long G
Front Public Health 2023;11:923133. Epub 2023 Feb 2 doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.923133. PMID: 36817892Free PMC Article
Fisher PW, Reyes-Portillo JA, Riddle MA, Litwin HD
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022 Feb;61(2):159-186. Epub 2021 Apr 20 doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.04.003. PMID: 33892110
Köse B, Karabulut E, Akı E
Appl Neuropsychol Child 2021 Jul-Sep;10(3):258-265. Epub 2019 Oct 28 doi: 10.1080/21622965.2019.1681270. PMID: 31657245
Crollen V, Vanderclausen C, Allaire F, Pollaris A, Noël MP
Res Dev Disabil 2015 Dec;47:61-72. Epub 2015 Aug 29 doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2015.08.013. PMID: 26323056
Handler SM, Fierson WM, Section on Ophthalmology; Council on Children with Disabilities; American Academy of Ophthalmology; American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus; American Association of Certified Orthoptists
Pediatrics 2011 Mar;127(3):e818-56. Epub 2011 Feb 28 doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-3670. PMID: 21357342

Diagnosis

McDowell M
J Paediatr Child Health 2018 Oct;54(10):1077-1083. doi: 10.1111/jpc.14168. PMID: 30294983
Vasudevan P, Suri M
Clin Med (Lond) 2017 Dec;17(6):558-561. doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.17-6-558. PMID: 29196358Free PMC Article
Rapin I
Pediatr Neurol 2016 Aug;61:11-20. Epub 2016 Feb 18 doi: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2016.02.007. PMID: 27515455
Handler SM, Fierson WM, Section on Ophthalmology; Council on Children with Disabilities; American Academy of Ophthalmology; American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus; American Association of Certified Orthoptists
Pediatrics 2011 Mar;127(3):e818-56. Epub 2011 Feb 28 doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-3670. PMID: 21357342
Lyon GR
Future Child 1996 Spring;6(1):54-76. PMID: 8689262

Therapy

Baldwin G, Beazley P
J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2023 Aug;30(4):600-619. Epub 2023 Feb 5 doi: 10.1111/jpm.12897. PMID: 36655589
Straub L, Hernández-Díaz S, Bateman BT, Wisner KL, Gray KJ, Pennell PB, Lester B, McDougle CJ, Suarez EA, Zhu Y, Zakoul H, Mogun H, Huybrechts KF
JAMA Intern Med 2022 May 1;182(5):522-533. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.0375. PMID: 35343998Free PMC Article
Jameson E, Remmington T
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 Jul 16;7(7):CD001304. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001304.pub3. PMID: 32672365Free PMC Article
Rugg-Gunn F, Miserocchi A, McEvoy A
Pract Neurol 2020 Feb;20(1):4-14. Epub 2019 Aug 16 doi: 10.1136/practneurol-2019-002192. PMID: 31420415
Moodliar S, Naguy A, AlKhadhari S
Am J Ther 2019 Oct 20;28(2):e258-e260. doi: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000001082. PMID: 31651448

Prognosis

Dawson G, Rieder AD, Johnson MH
Lancet Neurol 2023 Mar;22(3):244-254. Epub 2022 Nov 22 doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(22)00407-0. PMID: 36427512Free PMC Article
Santoro JD, Pagarkar D, Chu DT, Rosso M, Paulsen KC, Levitt P, Rafii MS
J Neurol 2021 Dec;268(12):4495-4509. Epub 2020 Sep 12 doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10179-w. PMID: 32920658
Power A, Bartlett R
Soc Sci Med 2019 Jun;231:55-61. Epub 2018 Mar 17 doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.03.028. PMID: 29580648
Zuckerman SL, Brett BL, Jeckell AS, Yengo-Kahn AM, Solomon GS
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2018 Nov 5;18(12):104. doi: 10.1007/s11910-018-0909-4. PMID: 30397831
Turner AM
J Paediatr Child Health 2014 Oct;50(10):E14-20. Epub 2011 Jul 19 doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2010.01970.x. PMID: 21771153

Clinical prediction guides

Perochon S, Di Martino JM, Carpenter KLH, Compton S, Davis N, Eichner B, Espinosa S, Franz L, Krishnappa Babu PR, Sapiro G, Dawson G
Nat Med 2023 Oct;29(10):2489-2497. Epub 2023 Oct 2 doi: 10.1038/s41591-023-02574-3. PMID: 37783967Free PMC Article
Ayar G, Yalçın SS, Tanıdır Artan Ö, Güneş HT, Çöp E
Child Care Health Dev 2022 Jan;48(1):55-67. Epub 2021 Aug 12 doi: 10.1111/cch.12903. PMID: 34331711
Champigny CM, Deotto A, Westmacott R, Dlamini N, Desrocher M
Child Neuropsychol 2020 Aug;26(6):817-833. Epub 2020 Jan 9 doi: 10.1080/09297049.2020.1712346. PMID: 31914852
Hutaff-Lee C, Bennett E, Howell S, Tartaglia N
Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2019 Mar;181(1):126-134. Epub 2019 Feb 14 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31687. PMID: 30767374Free PMC Article
Fosi T, Lax-Pericall MT, Scott RC, Neville BG, Aylett SE
Epilepsia 2013 Dec;54(12):2071-81. doi: 10.1111/epi.12399. PMID: 24304474Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

O'Connor S, Yan Y, Thilo FJS, Felzmann H, Dowding D, Lee JJ
J Clin Nurs 2023 Jul;32(13-14):2951-2968. Epub 2022 Jul 31 doi: 10.1111/jocn.16478. PMID: 35908207
Santoro JD, Pagarkar D, Chu DT, Rosso M, Paulsen KC, Levitt P, Rafii MS
J Neurol 2021 Dec;268(12):4495-4509. Epub 2020 Sep 12 doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-10179-w. PMID: 32920658
Jameson E, Remmington T
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 Jul 16;7(7):CD001304. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001304.pub3. PMID: 32672365Free PMC Article
Jackson CF, Makin SM, Marson AG, Kerr M
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015 Sep 3;2015(9):CD005399. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005399.pub3. PMID: 26333428Free PMC Article
Chung JC, Lai CK, Chung PM, French HP
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002;2002(4):CD003152. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003152. PMID: 12519587Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Recent activity

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...